Evaluating the impact of Mexico's land reform on agricultural productivity

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Richard Heath
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
The Impact

The impact of land reform on the development of united territorial communities

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Tamara Smovzhenko ◽  
Oryslava Korkuna ◽  
Ivan Korkuna ◽  
Ulyana Khromyak
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Practical Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Land Code

Nowadays, according to decentralization and current legislation (Land Code of Ukraine, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Self-Governance»), the public lands have been transferred to the CTCs since 1 February 2018. In 2018/2019, 788 CTCs received communal ownership of 1.68 ha of public lands. According to the Draft Law «On Amendments to Several Legal Documents of Ukraine on Agricultural Lands Turnover», the consolidated territorial communities become the legal entities and can acquire property rights to agricultural land plots. Therefore, transferring the lands to be used by the newly created CTCs is currently an urgent issue that requires extended scientific and practical research. The paper aims to research the role of land reform in Ukraine and its impact on increase of CTCs’ budget revenues. The stages of land reform and the development of the land reform in Ukraine as well as its implementation strategy are outlined. The disparities of the integrated satellite map and the data of the Land Cadaster of Ukraine in terms of unregistered lands are defined. The amount of a CTC budget’s increased revenues due to the reform is estimated. Statistical data on small, medium, and large farmers and their interest in the land reform are analyzed. The terms of selling the land to foreign investors and conditions of participation in land auctions are examined. The mechanisms of land purchase, selling, and lease in line with the land reform are suggested. Generalizing the presented aspects of the land reform in Ukraine and their impact on economic activity of the newly created CTCs, it can be argued that the process is quite positive and necessary for both communities and businesses in order to get additional budget revenues for CTCs. The land reform improves the living standards of Ukrainian people through the disclosure of the country’s agricultural capacity.

The Consequences of Excessive Chemicalization on Fruits Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1303-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alexandru Gitea ◽  
Simona Bungau ◽  
Daniela Gitea ◽  
Lavinia Purza ◽  
Sebastian Nemeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Intensive Intervention ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intensive System

Chemistry in agriculture has been considered for several decades a formula synonymous with progress and development, as chemical engineering, mechanization, irrigation, modern agro-technical processes have contributed to a substantial increase in production. At present, the use of pesticides to increase agricultural productivity is considered to be a global hazard to the environment. This study examines changes in tree tolerance for major diseases and pests, disease and pest behavior, and the changes that occur in the recommended pesticide treatment. The researches were carried out on different species of fruit trees (apple, plum, and almond), cultivated in an intensive system, in five orchards located in Bihor county. The behavior of each species, as well as the behavior of different varieties with respect to tolerance to major diseases and pests, have been observed over the last 5 years (2013-2017). In addition, pesticide residues were monitored from all crops of apple, plum and almond. During 2015-2017, from March to May, the diseases were more virulent, requiring intensive intervention with systemic and contact fungicide combinations to achieve optimal efficiency; this fact has been correlated with the increase in the number of samples containing pesticide residues. This perspective allows an ecological remodeling of current progress in orchard development, including all aspects of environmental protection and the impact on population2 s health.

Technological Innovation and the Agricultural Sustainability

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Rachida Khaled ◽  
Lamine Hammas
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Impact

The diffusion of the technological innovation can affect the agricultural sector in the three-sided (social, economic and environmental), a hand, it can contribute to solve problems of the agricultural sector: the effects of the climatic changes, the farming exodus and the migration and the problems of poverty and it can improve the agricultural productivity. But on the other hand, he can lead to new problems, such as depletion of energy resources caused by excessive use of energizing technologies, pollution of air and water and the destruction of soil by industrial waste. This paper aims to theoretically and empirically analyze the role of technological innovation in improving agricultural sustainability through the impact of mechanization on agricultural productivity, energy production and net income per capita for a panel of three Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) during the period 1997-2012. By using simultaneous equations, the authors' finding that technological innovation cannot achieve the purpose of sustainable development in the agriculture sector in the Maghreb countries through the negative impact of mechanization and research and development on agricultural productivity.

Socio-Economic Impact of Land Acquisition in Chhattisgarh

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
Hena Shmeem ◽  
A. N. Sharma ◽  
Suchitra Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
The Impact

As we know land reforms on land acquisition is directly associated with different development. It aims to improve poor people access towards mean of social welfare. In fact India and Chhattisgarh state is not an exception the above rule and policies. For land reform and acquisition in Chhattisgarh. In this research paper, an attempt has been made to cover various land displacements in Chhattisgarh. This research paper has been prepared mainly on the basis of secondary data from it. Like other places, Chhattisgarh has also seen the following effects of land displacement, such as in social life, in children, in women, in employment, the opposite effect is seen. An attempt has been made to explain the impact of land displacement in Korba, Chhattisgarh, where the common life of the displaced people has been particularly affected.

scholarly journals Does agricultural diversification build economic resilience to drought and flood? Evidence from poor households in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Shun Chonabayashi ◽  
◽  
Theepakorn Jithitikulchai ◽  
Yeqing Qu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Drought And Flood ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Impact

The adverse effects of weather extremes produce widespread damage and cause severe alterations in the normal functioning of household agricultural production in Zambia. Extreme weather events such as floods and drought are expected to increase in intensity and frequency due to climate change. Coupled with high poverty levels and limited institutional capacity, the country is highly vulnerable to the impact of extreme events. We quantify the effects of economic diversification on agricultural productivity of poor farm households with a skew-normal regression approach while accounting for drought and flood shocks. Our analysis finds that economic diversification is a strategy to increase agricultural productivity and mitigate the adverse impact of droughts and floods on agricultural households. The results also support the country's policies to encourage hybrid maize production and to provide crop seeds and fertiliser to poor farmers. This paper provides a framework to plan and inform interventions to enhance household economic resilience to weather shocks through agricultural diversification in Zambia and other countries.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT ECONOMIES AND FARMS IN THE MINDS OF THE LAND REFORM IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Olena Pimenova
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Graphical Method ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Expert Evaluation ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

The historical analysis of the development of national forms of economy has been carried out. It has been determined that the most economically advantageous for society, vital, rational, socio-ecological-economic forms of economy are peasant economies and farms. The methodological basis of the study as to the identification of rational and effective forms of economy are general scientific methods, including methods of historical analysis, generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, methods of expert evaluation, graphical method. In the course of the research, the methods of historical analysis, generalization, analysis and synthesis were used in carrying out a retrospective analysis, in particular the research of scientific opinion on the effectiveness of such forms of economy as peasants and farms and the impact of land reform on their development; the method of expert evaluation in the survey of peasants and representatives from the administration of Radomyshl region of Zhytomyr oblast to determine their opinion – how the land reform will affect on the development of peasants and farms; graphical method for constructing tables and graphs. The study of the world experience in agriculture confirmed that the development of the farm model as a priority model of economy in agriculture is possible only with the active support of a state, as an institution that regulates land use through administrative and economic measures and provides legislation through limitation of purchase of land and the potential withdrawal of this land from agricultural circulation, and also involves the implementation of targeted programs through the financing of individual activity. An important function of state regulation is the conservation of the agricultural land fund. In developed countries, there are some restrictions on the land market to prevent latifundia. It is substantiated that in the course of land reform, the agrarian policy should be focused on preventing the creation of latifundia with large land tenure, as well as on the support, protection and development of peasant economies and farms as viable forms.

scholarly journals The impact of public research expenditure on agricultural productivity: evidence from developed European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Alessandro Magrini
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
European Countries ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Expenditure

The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of public research expenditure on agricultural productivity in developed European countries. Our research provides original evidence, making possible a comparison with existing studies focused on United States of America (USA). We apply a fixed effects Gamma distributed-lag model to yearly data in 1970-2016 sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In our results, public research expenditure has a significant impact on agricultural productivity up to 35 years, with peak at 17 years and long-term elasticity equal to 0.172. Based on our model, the countries with the highest internal rate of return of agricultural research expenditure resulted Germany, Spain, France and Italy (24.5-25.2%), followed by Netherlands, United Kingdom, Denmark, Greece, Belgium and Luxembourg (20.5-21.8%). However, only Germany, Denmark and Greece increased agricultural research expenditure in recent years. The estimated internal rates of return are in line with the ones reported by existing studies on USA, and they suggest that developed European countries, just like USA, could benefit from research investments in Agriculture to a much greater extent than they currently do.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Erosion and Its Impact on Agricultural Productivity by Using the RMMF Model and Local Perception: A Case Study of Rangun Watershed of Mid-Hills, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhandari ◽  
Rajeev Joshi ◽  
Raju Raj Regmi ◽  
Nripesh Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Erosion Risk ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Impact

Soil erosion is a major concern for the environment and natural resources leading to a serious threat to agricultural productivity and one of the major causes of land degradation in the mid-hills region of Nepal. An accurate assessment of soil erosion is needed to reduce the problem of soil loss in highly fragile mountainous areas. The present study aimed to assess spatial soil loss rate and identified risk areas and their perceived impact on agricultural productivity by using the Revised Morgan–Morgan–Finney (RMMF) model and social survey in the Rangun watershed of Dadeldhura district, Nepal. Soil erosion was assessed by using data on soil, digital elevation model, rainfall, land use, and land cover visually interpreted from multitemporal satellite images, and ILWIS 3.3 academic software was used to perform the model. A household questionnaire survey (n = 120) and focus group discussion (n = 2) in identified risk areas were carried out to understand the people’s perception towards soil erosion and its impact on agricultural productivity. The predicted average soil erosions from the forest, agriculture, and barren land were 2.7 t ha−1 yr−1, 53.73 t ha−1 yr−1, and 462.59 t ha−1 yr−1, respectively. The erosion risk area under very low to low, moderate to moderately high, and high to very high covers 92.32%, 4.96%, and 2.73%, respectively. It indicates that the rate of soil erosion was lower in forest areas, whereas it was higher in the barren land. The cropped area of the watershed has been reduced by 2.96 ha−1 yr−1, and productivity has been decreased by 0.238 t ha−1 yr−1. The impacts such as removal of topsoil (weighted mean = 4.19) and gully formation (weighted mean = 3.56) were the highest perceived factors causing productivity decline due to erosion. People perceived the impact of erosion in agricultural productivity differently ( ∗ significant at P ≤ 0.05 ). The study concluded that, comparatively, barren and agricultural lands seem more susceptible to erosion, so the long-term conservation and management investment in susceptible areas for restoration, protection, and socioeconomic support contribute significantly to land rehabilitation in the Rangun watershed.

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