Cell repopulation and overall treatment time

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bleddyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Overall Treatment Time ◽  
Cell Repopulation

Altered Fractionation in Radiotherapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Valdagni
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Overall Treatment Time ◽  
Conventional Fractionation ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Normal Tissue Damage ◽  
Altered Fractionation ◽  
Cell Repopulation

Differences between late-responding (slowly proliferating) normal tissues and early-responding (rapidly proliferating) normal tissues and tumor cells and the event of tumor cell repopulation occurring during treatment have essentially led to the development of altered fractionation schemes. Altered fractionation regimens mainly refer to schedules utilising two or more (small dose) fractions per day for part of or for the entire treatment course. It must be underlined that a true standard or conventional fractionation regimen does not exist: no schedule is universally recognised as the standard of reference to be compared with. However, continental European and U.S. conventional regimens are the considered control arm with which the new experimental regimens have to be compared. For this reason they are generally recognised as the standards. The basic rationale for hyperfractionated or accelerated regimens respectively lies in the possibility (a) to deliver higher total doses reducing late-responding normal tissue damage, (b) to deliver total doses in a reduced overall treatment time to defeat tumor clonogen repopulation. Multiple fractions per day should not be delivered with interfraction intervals smaller than 6 hours. Clinical results of phase I-II and limited but convincing phase III randomised trials suggest that a therapeutic benefit can be achieved with new altered regimens.

scholarly journals Intermolar Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis—A Preliminary Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4118
Author(s):  
Suen A. N. Lie ◽  
Britt H. B. T. Engelen ◽  
Veronique C. M. L. Timmer ◽  
Nico M. P. Vrijens ◽  
Paolo Asperio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Overall Treatment Time ◽  
Mandibular Distraction ◽  
Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Root Fractures

Background: Dental Class II is the most common indication for combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Intermolar mandibular distraction osteogenesis (IMDO) treatment was performed during the growth spurt, to avoid surgery at a later age. The aim of this study is to present our first experience with IMDO. Methods: This is a retrospective case series of patients who underwent an IMDO. All patients showed mandibular retrognathism, and orthodontic treatment with functional appliances was not successful. Results: In total, 20 patients (mean age of 14.8 years (SD = 0.9 ys) were included. All patients achieved a Class I occlusion. An average length gain of 9.6 mm (SD = 3.7 mm) was reached. In one patient an abscess occurred. Nine patients presented with root fractures of the second molar; three were lost, one treated endodontically. The average time between insertion and removal of the distractors was 4.6 months (SD = 1.5 mths). In one case a premature consolidation was seen. Conclusion: We achieved satisfactory results with IMDO, although undesirable effects occurred. An advantage is the manageable overall treatment time. Open questions concern the occurrence of root fractures. Furthermore, the question of long-term stability is open. The question of dynamic distraction treatment in relation to temporomandibular joint changes can only be answered in the long term.

Primary Human Liver Cells as Source for Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support - a Preliminary Report

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.M. Sauer ◽  
K. Zeilinger ◽  
N. Obermayer ◽  
G. Pless ◽  
A. Grünwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Liver Support ◽  
Overall Treatment Time ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Extracorporeal Liver Support

Cell-based extracorporeal liver support is an option to assist or replace the failing organ until regeneration or until transplantation can be performed. The use of porcine cells or tumor cell lines is controversial. Primary human liver cells, obtained from explanted organs found to be unsuitable for transplantation, are a desirable cell source as they perform human metabolism and regulation. The Modular Extracorporeal Liver Support (MELS) concept combines different extracorporeal therapy units, tailored to suit the individual and intra-individual clinical needs of the patient. A multi-compartment bioreactor (CellModule) is loaded with human liver cells obtained by 5-step collagenase liver perfusion. A cell mass of 400 g – 600 g enables the clinical application of a liver lobe equivalent hybrid organ. A detoxification module enables single pass albumin-dialysis via a standard high-flux dialysis filter, and continuous venovenuous hemodiafiltration may be included if required. Cells from 54 human livers have been isolated (donor age: 56 ± 13 years, liver weight: 1862 ± 556 g resulting in a viability of 55.0 ± 15.9%). These grafts were not suitable for LTx, due to steatosis (54%), cirrhosis (15%), fibrosis (9%), and other reasons (22%). Out of 36 prepared bioreactors, 10 were clinically used to treat 8 patients with liver failure. The overall treatment time was 7–144 hours. No adverse events were observed. Initial clinical applications of the bioreactor evidenced the technical feasibility and safety of the system.

scholarly journals Orthodontic treatment of a particular subgroup of children with special health care needs, children with craniofacial anomalies: An analysis of treatment length and clinical outcome

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Taddei ◽  
Giovanni D'Alessandro ◽  
Franco Amunni ◽  
Gabriela Piana
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Special Health Care Needs ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Overall Treatment Time ◽  
Special Health Care ◽  
Treatment Start ◽  
Special Health

ABSTRACT Objective:  To analyze any differences in the orthodontic treatment between children belonging to a particular subgroup of subjects with special health care needs (SHCN), children with craniofacial anomalies (CFA), and children not diagnosed with SHCN (NO SHCN). Materials and Methods:  The study sample consisted of 50 children with SHCN and a confirmed diagnosis of CFA (SHCN/CFA); the control group consisted of 50 NO SHCN children fully matched for age, gender, and type of appliance used. The differences between the two groups were analyzed retrospectively: pre-, posttreatment scores, and score reduction of the Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR), dental health component (DHC), and aesthetic component (AC) of Orthodontic Treatment Need Index (IOTN), number of appointments, number of simple or complex chair-time appointments, overall treatment time, and age at treatment start and end. Results:  There were no statistically significant differences between the SHCN/CFA and NO SHCN groups for number of appointments, overall treatment time, age at treatment start, and age at treatment end (P  =  .682, .458, .535, and .675, respectively). There were statistically significant differences between groups in PAR, DHC, AC pre- and posttreatment, and number of simple and complex chair-time appointments (P  =  .030 and .000; .020 and .023; .000 and .000; .043; and .037; respectively). The reduction of PAR, DHC, and AC scores was not significantly different between groups (P  =  .060, .765, and .825, respectively). Conclusion:  The treatment of children with SHCN, in general, and with CFA, in particular, on the one hand involves a higher rate of using complex chair time appointments and an inferior treatment outcome, by the other side implies an overall treatment time and a reduction of PAR, DHC or AC scores similar to the treatment of children not diagnosed with SHCN.

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