Sampling methods for estimating stem volume and volume increment

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Gregoire ◽  
Harry T. Valentine ◽  
George M. Furnival
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Increment

Relationships between crown dimensions and stem development in Fraxinusexcelsior

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Ottorini ◽  
Noël Le Goff ◽  
Catherine Cluzeau
Keyword(s):  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Crowns ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Branching Angle ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Stem Surface Area

In this study, the relationships between crown development and stem volume increment of ash (Fraxinusexcelsior L.) were considered in the framework of a project where modelling and computer simulation should be used to gain insight into the dynamics of even-aged ash stands. Twenty trees, of various development stages and competition status, were felled and subjected to stem and branch analysis. The relationships established in a previous study between stem elongation, branch growth, and branching angle (based on these measurements), together with the characteristic pattern of variation of stem cross-sectional area increment along the stem (Pressler's Law), allowed the reconstruction of the past development of tree crowns. The quantity of foliage in tree crowns was estimated by a "foliar volume" calculated as the product of crown surface projection area and height growth, for each growing year considered. This foliar volume was used together with a relative foliar volume based on the stem surface area to obtain a prediction equation for annual stem volume increment.

scholarly journals From facilitation to competition: the effect of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) on the growth performance of four poplar-hybrids (Populus spp.) in mixed short rotation coppice

New Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rebola-Lichtenberg ◽  
Juliane Streit ◽  
Peter Schall ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Dominik Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Belowground Competition ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Volume Increment

AbstractShort rotation coppices play an important role in providing biomass for energetic use. Mixing fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices may show complementarity effects and increased yield. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of species interaction in mixed short rotation coppices with fast-growing Populus spp.-hybrids and the N-fixing Robinia pseudoacacia. Four different Populus-hybrids (AF2, Fritzi Pauley, Hybride 275 and Max 1), planted alternately in pure and mixed stands with R. pseudoacacia were used for the analysis. Height and root collar diameter were measured once a year, over a period of four years (2014–2017). Additionally, in the third year, aboveground competition was surveyed with a terrestrial laser scanner and root biomass was analyzed to assess belowground competition. Soil nitrogen was also determined in order to verify enrichment properties of mixtures compared to pure stands. Populus-hybrids’ stem volume showed no significant differences between stand types in the first year after planting. In the second and third year, however, two Populus-hybrids (AF2 and Max 1) had a higher stem volume increment of up to 3.8 times than stem volume increment in pure stands. This may be related to the fact that soil nitrogen was 39% higher in the mixtures than in pure stands. However, in the 4th year after stand establishment, R. pseudoacacia’s crowns were so massive and broad, that this species was far more competitive than the Populus-hybrids. With the exception of P. ‘Fritzi Pauley’, which showed no significant differences between stand types, growth rates reversed for the other three Populus-hybrids. AF2, Max 1 and Hybride 275 showed up to 75% lower stem volume increment in mixtures compared to pure stands. We assume that, in spite of the initially observed facilitation between the species, the competition exerted by R. pseudoacacia started dominating after 4 years and began to surpass the benefits of facilitation.

Growth response of young slash pine trees to simulated acid rain and ozone stress

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Dean ◽  
Jon D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Ozone Level ◽  
Unit Leaf ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
Assimilation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

To assess the impact of acid rain and ozone stress on the growth and physiology of slash pine (Pinuselliottii Engelm. var. elliottii), four half-sib families of slash pine were planted in large open-top chambers and exposed 28 months to factorial combinations of three rain acidities (pH 3.3, 4.3, and 5.3) and four concentrations of ozone (subambient produced with carbon filtration, ambient, two times ambient, and three times ambient). Growth was assessed by seasonal stem diameter and height increments and by stem volume increment at steady-state conditions. Information on tree physiology was obtained indirectly from estimates of mean unit leaf rate, a measure of the net assimilation capacity of the tree. Among the growth variables, only volume increment showed a consistent year to year response to acid rain and ozone. The acid rain × ozone interaction was significant for volume increment each year and was the result of trees in the two times ambient ozone level having greater sensitivity to rain acidity. Both acid rain and ozone significantly affected mean unit leaf rate; however, this effect weakened with time, suggesting some degree of physiological acclimation. Increasing rain acidity significantly increased mean leaf area only during the first growth period. Ozone significantly decreased mean leaf area all three growth periods, with the effect intensifying each year. Complex family interactions with acid rain and ozone masked any clear family sensitivities to these pollutants.

Growth and foliar nutrition of juvenile western hemlock and western redcedar plantations on low- and medium-productivity sites on northern Vancouver Island: response to fertilization and planting density

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Negrave ◽  
C. E. Prescott ◽  
J. E. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Western Redcedar ◽  
Stand Volume ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Volume Increment

A factorial trial was established to examine the effects of planting density and fertilization on the growth of western redcedar ( Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don) and western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) on nutrient-poor (CH) sites and nutrient-medium (HA) sites. Two levels of NPK fertilization were crossed with three levels of planting density (500, 1500, and 2500 stems/ha). Fifteen years after establishment and 10 years after the last fertilizer application, height, individual stem volume increment, stand volume, 5 year periodic annual increment (PAI), and 5 year periodic height increment were all increased by fertilization. Fertilization of CH sites increased annual stand volume increment by 753%–2552% and 122%–209% for hemlock and cedar, respectively; fertilization of HA sites increased PAI by 94%–264%. Volume growth response to fertilization was greater on HA than on CH sites. Increasing stand density reduced height growth on CH sites but not on HA sites. These results suggest that competition for nutrients can be a significant growth-limiting factor even before canopy closure occurs and that treatment of ericaceous sites may not be justified by productivity increases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alternative Approaches for Predicting Individual Tree Volume Increment

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Hann ◽  
Aaron R. Weiskittel
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Taper Equation

Abstract The volume increment of individual trees is often inferred from a volume or taper equation and predicted or observed diameter and height increments. Prediction errors can be compounded with this type of approach because of the array of equations used and differences in their accuracy. The consequences of several alternative approaches for indirectly or directly estimating individual tree volume increment were examined using an extensive stem analysis data set of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) in southwest Oregon. The data were used to construct new stem volume, taper, and volume increment equations, which were then used to compare predicted and observed 5-year volume increments. The results of this analysis suggest that the indirect prediction of volume increment is sensitive to both the approach used for estimating stem volume and the use of actual versus predicted diameter and height increment, especially diameter increment. In addition, using the indirect method of volume and taper equations was found to have a slightly lower level of accuracy in predicting stem volume increment than the direct method. It was found that the use of local calibration procedures could help to mitigate possible problems with the bias incurred by using predicted rather than actual diameter increment.

Patterns of leaf area and growing space efficiency in young even-aged and multiaged coast redwood stands

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Pascal Berrill ◽  
Kevin L. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Space Efficiency ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Overstory Trees

Projected leaf area estimates were used to predict volume increment and basal area of second-growth coast redwood ( Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) trees on Jackson Demonstration State Forest, Mendocino County, California. Sample plots were established within even-aged and multiaged mixed-species stands. Redwood tree basal area growth was more strongly related to sapwood area than to tree size and differed significantly between canopy strata and overstory stratum crown classes. Projected leaf area was predicted from sapwood area for each tree, and summarized to the stand level, giving a maximum stand leaf area index (LAI) estimate of 14.9 m2/m2. Redwood tree growing space efficiency (GSE; the ratio of stem volume increment to leaf area) was greatest on average among emergent overstory trees, followed by dominant and codominant overstory trees. There was no evidence of declining overstory tree GSE with increasing leaf area over the range of data collected. A nonlinear model predicted increasing understory tree GSE with increasing leaf area. Models that predict basal area and LAI were developed to permit implementation of GSE models from basic inventory data.

scholarly journals Carbon in Dutch forest ecosystems

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-326
Author(s):  
G.J. Nabuurs ◽  
G.M.J. Mohren
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Living Biomass ◽  
Volume Increment

Present stock of carbon in living biomass, litter and stable humus and annual accumulation of carbon in stems of 15 forest types was quantified from inventory data on growth and standing volume, and forest soil information in combination with literature data on forest biomass, as part of the Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change. Forest area in the Netherlands is about 330 000 ha, mainly young plantations of conifers (Scots pine, Douglas-fir, larch) on poor, dry sandy soils. Average age is about 50 yr. Present average standing volume is 170 msuperscript 3/ha and average annual volume increment was 9.0 msuperscript 3/ha in 1984-89. About 63.7 Mt C is stored in the entire forest, including dead organic matter in forest soil, almost 60% as stable humus in the soil compartment. Average carbon stock in the stable humus is 113 t C/ha, whereas only 59 t C/ha is contained in living biomass and 19 t C/ha in litter layer. Average stock in living biomass is largest for beech stands (124 t C/ha). Annually, about 0.66 Mt C of atmospheric carbon is stored in stem volume increment when harvesting is not considered. On average, about half of annual storage is harvested each year, which means that forest acts as a net carbon sink for about 0.33 Mt C/yr. Largest net annual accumulation is attained in beech stands (1.8 t C/ha). Average annual net accumulation for the entire forested area amounts at present to some 0.97 t C/ha. Long rotations with species like oak, beech and Douglas-fir which may build-up a large standing biomass and which produce durable wood products, are most suitable for a long-term storage of carbon.

Vertical patterns in specific volume increment along stems of dominant jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and black spruce (Picea mariana) after thinning

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venceslas Goudiaby ◽  
Suzanne Brais ◽  
Frank Berninger ◽  
Robert Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Foliage Density

Jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) total stem volume increment and vertical growth distribution after thinning were quantified and related to foliage biomass, foliage density, and growth efficiency (GE) (stem to foliage biomass ratio). Significant positive stem volume increments were observed following thinning for jack pine (3 years after) and black spruce (4 years after). Both species reacted differently in terms of the distribution in specific volume increments (SVI) (annual stem volume increment to cambial surface ratio): (i) for jack pine, an increase in SVI was first observed at the base of the tree, with the increase moving upwards, showing that the taper was likely to increase following thinning and (ii) for black spruce, the vertical distribution of SVI was constant, leading to no modifications in stem taper. For jack pine, total stem volume growth was related to an increase in GE and a greater foliage biomass at midcrown, with foliage density staying constant. For black spruce, however, no changes in GE, foliage biomass, and foliage mass density were observed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document