scholarly journals Carbon in Dutch forest ecosystems

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-326
Author(s):  
G.J. Nabuurs ◽  
G.M.J. Mohren
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Living Biomass ◽  
Volume Increment

Present stock of carbon in living biomass, litter and stable humus and annual accumulation of carbon in stems of 15 forest types was quantified from inventory data on growth and standing volume, and forest soil information in combination with literature data on forest biomass, as part of the Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change. Forest area in the Netherlands is about 330 000 ha, mainly young plantations of conifers (Scots pine, Douglas-fir, larch) on poor, dry sandy soils. Average age is about 50 yr. Present average standing volume is 170 msuperscript 3/ha and average annual volume increment was 9.0 msuperscript 3/ha in 1984-89. About 63.7 Mt C is stored in the entire forest, including dead organic matter in forest soil, almost 60% as stable humus in the soil compartment. Average carbon stock in the stable humus is 113 t C/ha, whereas only 59 t C/ha is contained in living biomass and 19 t C/ha in litter layer. Average stock in living biomass is largest for beech stands (124 t C/ha). Annually, about 0.66 Mt C of atmospheric carbon is stored in stem volume increment when harvesting is not considered. On average, about half of annual storage is harvested each year, which means that forest acts as a net carbon sink for about 0.33 Mt C/yr. Largest net annual accumulation is attained in beech stands (1.8 t C/ha). Average annual net accumulation for the entire forested area amounts at present to some 0.97 t C/ha. Long rotations with species like oak, beech and Douglas-fir which may build-up a large standing biomass and which produce durable wood products, are most suitable for a long-term storage of carbon.

Effects of mechanical stimulus, shade, and nitrogen fertilization on morphology and bending resistance in Douglas-fir seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1602-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Bending Stresses

Three-year-old coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted in a factorial experiment with three levels of shading (0, 30, and 60%), three levels of mechanical stimulus (staked, freestanding, and bent), and two levels of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 200 kg/ha) to investigate the separate and combined effects of these factors on morphology and bending resistance. Fertilization increased branch angle and increased the sensitivity of branch and leader extension to bending stresses but did not affect volume increment, stem form, or bending resistance. The effects of shading and mechanical treatments on morphology were independent and additive. Shading reduced stem diameter and volume increment, but did not affect height increment, producing more slender trees. Bending produced less slender trees through a combination of reduced height increment and increased diameter increment. Staking did not affect tree morphology. Trees under heavy shade were responsive to bending but were more slender and had lower bending resistance than unshaded trees with the same mechanical stimulus. These results point towards the biological basis for the development of tree instability in high density stands.

Sampling methods for estimating stem volume and volume increment

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Gregoire ◽  
Harry T. Valentine ◽  
George M. Furnival
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Increment

scholarly journals Evaluation of the provenance plot “Hrubá Skála” (Northern Bohemia) with grand fir at the age of 36 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulín Martin ◽  
Novotný Petr ◽  
Podrázský Vilém ◽  
Beran František ◽  
Dostál Jaroslav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oregon Cascades

The article aims to evaluate the research provenance plot established in 1980 in locality No. 214 – Hrubá Skála (in the north of the Czech Republic), where nine provenances of grand fir (Abies grandis (Douglas ex D. Don) Lindley) provided in the framework of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations project, and one provenance of grand fir, Norway spruce, silver fir and Douglas-fir from a standard commercial source are tested. We present the results of tree height, stem DBH, stem volume production and health status after 36 years. The results correspond with similar experiments in the Czech Republic and abroad and suggest that grand fir provenances from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Washington (USA) State coastal region show the best production features, while the Oregon Cascades, Idaho and Montana provenances grow more slowly. Comparison with other tree species indicates that the production of grand fir at the investigated age exceeds the production of both Norway spruce and silver fir, and equalizes or gently exceeds even Douglas-fir.

scholarly journals Biomass and Volume Modeling along with Carbon Concentration Variations of Short-Rotation Poplar Plantations

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihu Dong ◽  
Faris Rafi Almay Widagdo ◽  
Longfei Xie ◽  
Fengri Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Volume Models

Short-rotation forestry is of interest to provide biomass for bioenergy and act as a carbon sink to mitigate global warming. The Poplar tree (Populus × xiaohei) is a fast-growing and high-yielding tree species in Northeast China. In this study, a total of 128 Populus × xiaohei trees from the Songnen Plain, Heilongjiang Province, Northeastern China, were harvested. Several available independent variables, such as tree diameter at breast height (D), tree’s total height (H), crown width (CW), and crown length (CL), were differently combined to develop three additive biomass model systems and eight stem volume models for Populus × xiaohei tree. Variance explained within the three additive biomass model systems ranged from 83% to 98%, which was lowest for the foliage models, and highest for the stem biomass models. Similar findings were found in the stem volume models, in which the models explained more than 94% of the variance. The additional predictors, such as H, CL, or CW, evidently enhanced the model fitting and performance for the total and components biomass along with the stem volume models. Furthermore, the biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) of the root (118.2 kg/m3), stem (380.2 kg/m3), branch (90.7 kg/m3), and foliage (31.2 kg/m3) were also calculated. The carbon concentrations of Populus × xiaohei in root, stem, branch, and foliage components were 45.98%, 47.74%, 48.32%, and 48.46%, respectively. Overall, the newly established models in this study provided complete and comprehensive tools for quantifying the biomass and stem volume of Populus × xiaohei, which might be essential to be specifically utilized in the Chinese National Forest Inventory.

scholarly journals Early Realized Genetic Gains for Coastal Douglas-Fir in the Northern Oregon Cascades

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bradley St. Clair ◽  
Nancy L. Mandel ◽  
Keith J. S. Jayawickrama
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Realized Genetic Gains ◽  
Oregon Cascades

Abstract Block-plot realized genetic gain trials were established for coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) at five sites in the northern Oregon Cascades. The long-term objectives of these trials are to explore the growth trajectories and productivity of genetically improved stands and their relationship to predicted genetic gains based on performance in progeny tests. Measurements 5 years after planting provide an opportunity for an early assessment of realized genetic gains as compared to predicted gains and provide data for determining the number of replicates needed to detect statistically significant differences between improved and unimproved populations using large block plots. Results indicate that progress from selection and breeding of Douglas-fir is readily achievable, and realized genetic gains 5 years after planting are similar to those predicted based on results from progeny tests. Realized genetic gains were about 6% for height, 8% for diameter, and 28% for stem volume, compared to predicted genetic gains of about 8% for height, 7% for diameter, and 25% for stem volume. Large numbers of replicates (30–50) are required to detect statistically significant differences in height and diameter between improved and unimproved populations given genetic gains expected in a typical tree improvement program. West. J. Appl. For. 19(3):195–201.

scholarly journals Root Volume and Growth of Ponderosa Pine and Douglas-Fir Seedlings: A Summary of Eight Growing Seasons

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rose ◽  
D. L. Haase ◽  
F. Kroiher ◽  
T. Sabin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Early Results

Abstract This is the final summary of two studies on the relationship between root volume and seedling growth; early results were published previously. Survival, growth, and stem volume were determined for 2+0 ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) seedlings after 8 growing seasons. For each species, seedlings from three seedlots were assigned to one of three root-volume categories [<4.5 cm3 (RV1), 4.5-7 cm3 (RV2), and >7 cm3 (RV3) for ponderosa pine; <9 cm3 (RV1), 9-13 cm3 (RV2), and >13 cm3 (RV3) for Douglas-fir]. On a dry harsh ponderosa pine site on the eastern slopes of Mt. Hood in Oregon, where gopher and cattle damage decreased the number of seedlings, more seedlings in the highest root-volume category survived (70%) than in the smaller root-volume categories (62% and 50%). Douglas-fir on a good site in the Coast Range of Oregon showed significantly greater height and stem volume for the largest root-volume category, whereas annual shoot growth and survival did not differ. Root volume is one of several potentially useful criteria for predicting long-term growth and survival after outplanting. West. J. Appl. For. 12(3):69-73.

scholarly journals Early Selection of Douglas-Fir across South Central Coastal Oregon, USA

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Dean ◽  
R. W. Stonecypher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Early Selection ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
South Central ◽  
Coos Bay ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Details are given of three first-generation progeny tests (CB1, CB2 and CB3) of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [MIRB.] FRANCO var. menziesii) planted in the Coos Bay region of south-central coastal Oregon in 1973. The three tests included 15 polymix families based on a 10-pollen mix, and 27 families openpollinated on the ortet. The present study gives heritabilities and additive genetic correlations for growth measured between two and 17 years after planting. Correlated responses are estimated for volume at 17 years from early selection for height and diameter. Between four and 17 years after planting the individual heritability (h2) of height of coastal Douglas-fir across the Coos Bay tests was quite stable between h2 = 0.18 and 0.22. The heritability of stem diameter age-forage was consistently much lower than for height. In the critical age range for early selection between five and 10 years the individual heritability of diameter ranged from h2 = 0.07 to 0.10. The additive genetic correlations involving volume-17 and height or diameter increased to high values of rA = 0.80 to 0.84 between eight to 10 years after planting. Before seven years the absolute values of juvenilemature correlations were much lower. The higher heritability of height made this trait the best criterion for early indirect selection to improve mature stem volume growth. Across these Coos Bay tests, early selection on stem height measured at 5-8 years after planting was estimated to produce almost 40% more gain per year in volume-17 compared with direct selection at 17 years on volume-17 itself. The recommendation for maximizing gain per year in mature volume of coastal Douglas-fir at Coos Bay is to select on height at 7-8 years when the mean height of trees in tests should be around 4.5 to 5.5 meters.

Climate Change and Forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
Brent Sohngen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Carbon Fertilization ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Forests have become an important carbon sink in the last century, with management and carbon fertilization offsetting nearly all of the carbon emitted due to deforestation and conversion of land into agricultural uses. Society appears already to have decided that forests will play an equally ambitious role in the future. Given this, economists are needed to help better understand the efficiency of efforts society may undertake to expand forests, protect them from losses, manage them more intensively, or convert them into wood products, including biomass energy. A rich literature exists on this topic, but a number of critical information gaps persist, representing important opportunities for economists to advance knowledge in the future. This article reviews the literature on forests and climate change and provides some thoughts on potential future research directions.

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