Water table classes: A method to describe seasonal fluctuation and duration of water tables on Dutch soil maps

Seasonal fluctuation in water tables in some alluvial soils in the Waikato was determined to establish time, depth and duration of saturation. Duration of saturation could then be related to soil colour to test whether colour could be used as an indicator of saturated conditions in these soils. The results confirmed that there were different watertable regimes between soil series and that there could be different depths and durations of water-table within a series. In the soils studied, colour can be used as a general indicator of whether or not saturated conditions have occurred. However, soil colour did not give any indication as to the time of year or continuous duration of a water table, or whether or not soil wetness had changed as a result of improved drainage. The results of this study highlight the dynamic water-table relationships between and within Waikato soils. For detailed land-use interpretations based on depth to a water table it is advisable to take watertable measurements at the site itself rather than to rely on assessments based on soil colour. When measurement is not practical, the worst conditions indicated by soil colour should be used for interpretations and planning soil management.

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THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ON SOIL FORMATION IN A MORAINAL LANDSCAPE IN SASKATCHEWAN

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss85-033 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 293-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

J. J. MILLER ◽

D. F. ACTON ◽

R. J. ST. ARNAUD

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Flow ◽

Water Table ◽

Soil Formation ◽

Lateral Flow ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Slope Position ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Depth To Water Table ◽

Water Tables

The results of this study indicate the importance of groundwater flow and water table depth on the genesis, characteristics and distribution of soils within a hummocky morainal landscape. Non-saline and non-carbonated soils in upland depressions can be attributed to "depression-focused" recharge by snowmelt and snowmelt runoff in the spring, as evidenced by deep sola and/or eluvial horizons. Non-saline and carbonated soils on lower slopes adjacent to depressions are associated with local discharge and/or lateral flow from the adjacent groundwater mounds under the depressions in spring, as well as upward flow in the summer resulting from water use by phreatophytes such as willows, creating a water table depression around the slough fringes. Saline and carbonated soils at low elevations are associated with shallow and rather stable water tables, and local discharge from surrounding uplands. Soil types on uplands are more dependent on slope position and infiltration than on depth to water table or groundwater flow. Non-saline soils of different profile types occur on mid- and upper slope positions. These areas have a deep water table with mainly recharge or lateral flow occurring in the saturated zone. The infiltration of surface runoff water in upland depressions is the dominant factor influencing the distribution of soluble salts in this hummocky landscape. Key words: Water table, landscape position, recharge, discharge, soluble salts, soil genesis, morphology, carbonate soil

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Effect of temporary rise of saline water table on dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9740811 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 14 (71) ◽

pp. 811 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

FG Abd-El-Kaddous

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Saline Water ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Water Tables ◽

Temporary Rise ◽

Effect On Yield ◽

Water Table Rise ◽

Yield Of Oats

In 1968 and 1969, at Kerang, Victoria, the dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina) grown on a sodic soil were measured under conditions of fluctuating saline (31 mmhos cm-1) water tables. In each year, a water table was established for 14 days at one of three growth stages and at depths varying from 7.5 to 90 cm. Relative to the yield obtained when the water table remained at 90 cm depth, dry matter yields were reduced by 70 per cent (1968) and 79 per cent (1969) by one temporary water table rise to a depth of 7.5 cm for 14 days. Intermediate reductions in yields occurred when the water tables rose temporarily to intermediate depths from 82.5 cm to 15 cm (7.5 cm intervals). The growth stage at which the water table rise occurred had no significant effect on yield, except in the second period in 1969 when yield was reduced during conditions of high temperature and low evaporation.

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Compound flood modelling framework for rainfall-groundwater interactions

10.5194/nhess-2021-259 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Peña ◽

Fernando Nardi ◽

Assefa Melesse ◽

Jayantha Obeysekera ◽

Fabio Castelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Subsurface Water ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Exchange Flow ◽

Storm Events ◽

Modelling Framework ◽

Water Tables

Abstract. Compound floods are an active area of research where the complex interaction between pluvial, fluvial, coastal or groundwater flooding are analyzed. A number of studies have simulated the compound flooding impacts of precipitation, river discharge and storm surge variables with different numerical models and linking techniques. However, groundwater flooding is often neglected in flood risk assessments due to its sporadic frequency - as most regions have water tables sufficiently low that do not exacerbate flooding conditions -, isolated impacts and considerably less severity in respect to other types of flooding. This paper presents a physically-based, loosely-coupled modelling framework using FLO-2D and MODFLOW-2005 that is capable to simulate surface-subsurface water interactions to represent compound flooding events in North Miami. FLO-2D, responsible of the surface hydrology and infiltration processes, transfers the infiltration volume as recharge to MODFLOW-2005 until the soil absorption capacity is exceeded, while MODFLOW-2005 return exchange flow to the surface when groundwater heads are higher than the surface depth. The model calibration is based on three short-lived storm events that as individual processes represent minimum flooding conditions but in combination with pre-existing high-water table levels results in widespread flooding across the study area. Understanding groundwater flood risk is of particular interest to low-elevation coastal karst environments as the sudden emergence of the water table at ground surface can result in social disruption, adverse effects to essential services and damage infrastructure. Results are validated using FEMA’s severe repetitive loss (SRL) property records and crowdsourced data. Further research should assess the exacerbated impacts of high tides and sea level rise on water tables under current and future climate projections.

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WATER TABLE EFFECTS ON BEAN YIELD AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL PROFILE

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2008v13n3p355-366 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 355-366

Author(s):

João Carlos Cury Saad ◽

José Cerilo Calegaro

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Underground Water ◽

Nitrate Pollution ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

State University ◽

Consumptive Use ◽

Water Tables ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Nitrate Distribution

WATER TABLE EFFECTS ON BEAN YIELD AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL PROFILE João Carlos Cury Saad; José Cerilo CalegaroRural Engineering Departament, School of Agronomic Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the bean yield under different water table levels as well as the moisture and nitrate distribution in the soil profile, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the College of Agricultural Sciences – UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Beans were grown in field lysimeters under five water table depths: 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm. The moisture in the soil profile was determined gravimetrically using samples collected at 10; 20; 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm deep. The water table depths of 30cm and 40cm showed the highest productivities (3,228.4kg.ha-1 and 3,422.1kg.ha-1, respectively), with no statistical differences between them. The highest productivity was related to the two highest water table levels (30 and 40cm), which provided the highest moisture average values on the basis of volume in the soil profile (33.3 e 31%) as well as the consumptive use of water (416 and 396mm). The nitrate content during the bean cycle at the extraction depth of 60cm was below the safe drinking limit of 10mg.l-1 for water table depths of 30; 40; 50 and 60cm, which shows the denitrification efficiency as a way of controlling nitrate pollution in water tables. The management of water table can lead to high levels of bean yield and to a better control of nitrate pollution in underground water. KEY WORDS: lysimeters, soil moisture, denitrification. SAAD, J. C. C.; CALEGARO, J. C. EFEITOS NO NÍVEL FREÁTICO NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO FEIJOEIRO E NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE NITRATO NO PERFIL DE SOLO 2 RESUMO Para avaliar a produtividade do feijoeiro submetido a diferentes níveis de lençol freático, a distribuição de umidade e a concentração de nitrato no perfil do solo, um experimento de campo foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA-Câmpus de Botucatu-UNESP. O feijão foi semeado em lisímetros de campo e submetido a cinco níveis de lençol freático, 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60 e 0,70m de profundidade a partir da superfície do solo. A umidade no perfil do solo foi determinada pelo método gravimétrico, com amostras obtidas à 0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60 e 0,70m de profundidade. As profundidades de nível freático 0,30m e 0,40m apresentaram as maiores produtividades (3.228,4kg.ha-1 e 3.422,1kg.ha-1, respectivamente), não diferindo estatisticamente entre si. As maiores produtividades estiveram associadas aos dois níveis freáticos mais elevados (0,30 e 0,40m), que propiciaram os maiores valores médios de umidade à base de volume no perfil do solo (33,3 e 31%), as maiores lâminas totais (416 e 396 mm) e as maiores taxas de denitrificação (99,6 e 99,7%). O teor de nitrato durante o ciclo do feijoeiro, na profundidade de extração de 0,60m, esteve abaixo do limite tolerável de 10mg.l-1 para as profundidades de lençol freático de 0,30; 0,40; 0,50 e 0,60m, mostrando a eficiência da denitrificação como forma de controle da poluição do lençol freático por NO3-N. O manejo do lençol freático permite tanto a obtenção de elevados níveis de produtividade do feijoeiro como o controle da poluição das águas subterrâneas por nitrato. UNITERMOS: lisímetro, umidade do solo, denitrificação.

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Enhancing water levels of degraded, bare, tropical peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: Impacts on CO2 emission from soil respiration

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d190221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 472-477

Author(s):

DWI ASTIANI ◽

BURHANUDDIN BURHANUDDIN ◽

EVI GUSMAYANTI ◽

TRI WIDIASTUTI ◽

MUHAMMAD J. TAHERZADEH

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Water Table ◽

Carbon Emissions ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Water Levels ◽

Small Scale ◽

West Kalimantan ◽

Tropical Peatland ◽

Water Tables

Astiani D, Burhanuddin, Gusmayanti E, Widiastuti T, Taherzadeh MJ. 2018. Enhancing water levels of degraded, bare, tropical peatland in West Kalimantan, Indonesia: Impacts on CO2 emission from soil respiration. Biodiversitas 19: 472-477. The major drivers of deforestation in West Kalimantan have been the development for large or small-scale expansion of agricultural activities; the establishment of oil palm and other plantations; fire; and degradation of forests particularly from industrial logging. Our previous research findings have shown that such activities in affected peatland areas have lowered the water table levels (down to 0.5-1.0 m depths), and have significantly increased CO2 emissions from the peat soils. It has been demonstrated that unmanaged, lowered water tables in peatlands act as one of the main factors inflating soil carbon emissions - an issue that has assumed global significance in recent decades. Regulating peatland water tables has the potential to mitigate degraded peatland carbon emissions as well as improve the hydrological functions for communities who farm the peatlands. However, we are still uncertain exactly how much impact controlled raising of the peatlands water tables will have on reducing soil CO2 emissions. The research described here aimed to mitigate CO2 emissions by raising and regulating water levels on drained peatland to restore and enhance its hydrological functions. The results confirmed that raising the water table significantly decreases CO2 emissions and improves water availability and management for crop production in the coastal peatland of Kubu Raya district, West Kalimantan. Water levels previously at 60cm below the soil surface were regulated to raise the watertable up to just 30 cm below the surface and this reduced peatland carbon emissions by about 49%. However, longer-term monitoring is required to ensure that the hydrological benefits and CO2 mitigation can be sustained.

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Historical soil maps with a reference to redoximorphic features as basis for ecohydrological modelling.

10.5194/ismc2021-40 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alla Yurova ◽

Daniil Kozlov ◽

Maria Smirnova ◽

Pavel Fil

Keyword(s):

Shallow Water ◽

Water Table ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Wave Form ◽

Kinematic Wave ◽

State Variables ◽

Soil Maps ◽

Shallow Water Table ◽

Redoximorphic Features

Historical soil maps with a reference to profile redoximorphic features have obvious utility for ecohydrological modelling. That is particularly pertinent in areas with shallow water tables where catchments have both dry and moist parts, latter due to moisture source from either upper or low boundary. However, there is no convenient method for converting maps to hydrological model state variables. Here we propose that the steady state continuity equation in kinematic wave form can be parameterized using expert knowledge of the typical water table depth (WTD) for soils with different hydromorphy degrees based on redoximorphic features. To test the approach, six hillslope-based computational units (catenas) were obtained, for use in simulations, by automated of the Samovetc and Izberdey catchments in the Tambov region (Russia) using lumpR software. Five of the six catenas began at poorly drained flat upslope positions with soils with various degrees of saturation by shallow groundwater and one began at a well-drained upslope position. We guided parameterization of the kinematic wave model by critical range of the WTD known to correspond to each soil group on historical soil map of hydromorphy degree. Application of expert knowledge in this manner alone yielded a broad range of possible WTD values (e.g. 1.5-5 m for a semi-hydromorphic soil) for each soil entity, but linking a catena by the fundamental physical constraint of flow continuity enabled narrowing of the range to 0.2-1 m thereby reducing it by ca. 80%. We further tested the shallow water table approximation in the WASA-SED ecohydrological model based on catenary approach to simulate soil moisture profiles referring explicitly to soil groups of different hydromorphy degree and distinguish stagnic and gleyic regimes of waterlogging. The results show that the approach could substantially improve crop and water management precision.

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Wet in the Anthropocene – a report of exceptionally stable hydrological conditions in a small bog over the last 1500 years

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12192 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Marcisz ◽

Piotr Kołaczek ◽

Mariusz Gałka ◽

Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu ◽

Mariusz Lamentowicz

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Water Table ◽

High Water ◽

Fragmented Landscape ◽

Target Number ◽

Central Eastern Europe ◽

Ne Poland ◽

Water Tables ◽

History Of ◽

High Resolution Reconstruction

Over the last few hundred years peatlands worldwide are experiencing substantial drying that is lowering their carbon storage potential. However, our high-resolution reconstruction of hydrological changes in a small Sphagnum-dominated peatland show that we can still observe healthy bogs in the fragmented landscape of Europe (Marcisz et al., 2020). We investigated last 1500 years history of a bog located in a young glacial landscape in Central Eastern Europe (NE Poland) using a multi-proxy approach and high-resolution dating. Our reconstruction showed a rare case of hydrological stability in the peatland that did not experience any dry shift over the last 1500 years, allowing for an undisturbed growth of Sphagnum, stable microbial communities, and high peat accumulation rates. High water tables (>12 cm depth to water table) influenced high resilience of the bog which was not affected by disturbances (deforestations, grazing or farming). Our palaeoecological data suggest that nature conservation practices which target high water tables are essential to maintain peatlands as a sink and not as a source of carbon in the future, supporting an earlier study that concluded a ca. 11-12 cm water table depth as a target number for peatland protection (Lamentowicz et al., 2019).References:Lamentowicz, M., Ga&#322;ka, M., Marcisz, K., S&#322;owi&#324;ski, M., Kajuka&#322;o-Drygalska, K., Druguet Dayras, M., Jassey, V.E.J., 2019. Unveiling tipping points in long-term ecological records from Sphagnum-dominated peatlands. Biology Letters 15, 20190043.Marcisz, K., Ko&#322;aczek, P., Ga&#322;ka, M., Diaconu, A.-C., Lamentowicz, M., 2020. Exceptional hydrological stability of a Sphagnum-dominated peatland over the late Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 231, 106180.

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SOIL MICROFUNGI OF THE "SOLS DE L'ANSE" IN QUEBEC

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss71-033 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 261-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. C. IVARSON ◽

M. R. BULLEN

Keyword(s):

Water Table ◽

Opposite Effect ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Soil Washing ◽

Water Tables ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Soil Microfungi

The fungal genera inhabiting the "sols de l'Anse" were isolated using the soil-washing technique. This work is part of an overall study of the effects of controlled water tables on these soils and their crops. Twenty-one genera were isolated. The dominant fungi were Mortierella, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium, Chrysosporium, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and non-sporing mycelia. The frequency of Mortierella, Pseudogymnoascus and Chrysosporium was increased by lowering the water table. The opposite effect was noted with Cladosporium and Fusarium. Species of Penicillium and Fusarium were isolated less frequently at an incubation temperature of 10 C than at 25 C, whereas species of Mortierella, Pseudogymnoascus and Chrysosporium were more abundant at the lower temperature.

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