scholarly journals WATER TABLE EFFECTS ON BEAN YIELD AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL PROFILE

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366
Author(s):  
João Carlos Cury Saad ◽  
José Cerilo Calegaro
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
State University ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Nitrate Distribution

WATER TABLE EFFECTS ON BEAN YIELD AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL PROFILE  João Carlos Cury Saad; José Cerilo CalegaroRural Engineering Departament, School of Agronomic Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT              In order to evaluate the bean yield under different water table levels as well as the moisture and nitrate distribution in the soil profile, a field experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the College of Agricultural Sciences – UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. Beans were grown in field lysimeters under five water table depths: 30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm. The moisture in the soil profile was determined gravimetrically using samples collected at 10; 20;  30; 40; 50; 60 and 70 cm deep. The water table depths of 30cm and 40cm showed the highest productivities (3,228.4kg.ha-1 and 3,422.1kg.ha-1, respectively), with no statistical differences between them. The highest productivity was related to the two highest water table levels (30 and 40cm), which provided the highest moisture average values on the basis of volume in the soil profile (33.3 e 31%) as well as the consumptive use of water (416 and 396mm). The nitrate content during the bean cycle at the extraction depth of 60cm was below the safe drinking limit of 10mg.l-1 for water table depths of 30; 40; 50 and 60cm, which shows the denitrification efficiency as a way of controlling nitrate pollution in water tables. The management of water table can lead to high levels of bean yield and to a better control of nitrate pollution in underground water. KEY WORDS: lysimeters, soil moisture, denitrification.  SAAD, J. C. C.; CALEGARO, J. C. EFEITOS NO NÍVEL FREÁTICO NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO FEIJOEIRO E NA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE NITRATO NO PERFIL DE SOLO  2 RESUMO Para avaliar a produtividade do feijoeiro submetido a diferentes níveis de lençol freático, a distribuição de umidade e a concentração de nitrato no perfil do solo, um experimento de campo foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA-Câmpus de Botucatu-UNESP. O feijão foi semeado em lisímetros de campo e submetido a cinco níveis de lençol freático, 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60 e 0,70m de profundidade a partir da superfície do solo. A  umidade no perfil do solo foi determinada pelo método gravimétrico, com amostras  obtidas à 0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40; 0,50; 0,60 e 0,70m de profundidade. As profundidades de nível freático 0,30m e 0,40m apresentaram as maiores produtividades (3.228,4kg.ha-1 e 3.422,1kg.ha-1, respectivamente), não diferindo estatisticamente entre si. As maiores produtividades estiveram associadas aos dois níveis freáticos mais elevados (0,30 e 0,40m), que propiciaram os maiores valores médios de umidade à base de volume no perfil do solo (33,3 e 31%), as maiores lâminas totais (416 e 396 mm) e as maiores taxas de denitrificação (99,6 e 99,7%). O teor de nitrato durante o ciclo do feijoeiro, na profundidade de extração de 0,60m, esteve abaixo do limite tolerável de 10mg.l-1 para as profundidades de lençol freático de 0,30; 0,40; 0,50 e 0,60m, mostrando a eficiência da denitrificação como forma de controle da poluição do lençol freático por NO3-N. O manejo do lençol freático permite tanto a obtenção de elevados níveis de produtividade do feijoeiro como o controle da poluição das águas subterrâneas por nitrato. UNITERMOS: lisímetro,  umidade do solo,  denitrificação.

Factors Controlling the Distribution and Fate of Nitrate in the Unsaturated Zone and Groundwater in a Semiarid Agriculture Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4892-4895
Author(s):  
Su Fen Wang ◽  
Tian Ming Huang ◽  
Ji Lai Liu ◽  
Yu Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Pollute Groundwater

Overuse of fertilizers in agriculture could cause groundwater nitrate pollution. However, this is related to nitrate input, soil moisture movement (direction and rate), and depth of water table in (semi)arid areas, where nitrate can be preserved and nitrate loss by denitrification can be limited. A 18-m soil profile to water table in Daxing, Beijing shows that the nitrate is accumulated in the upper unsaturated zone and has not reached water table; and then groundwater nitrate remains at baseline level (5.6 mg/L). The soil moisture movement velocity is 0.28 m/yr based on nitrate use history. It takes another ~35 years for the moisture with high nitrate content to reach water table and pollute groundwater, to which attention should be paid in water quality management.

scholarly journals The Status and Countermeasure of Nitrate Pollution Under Double Cropping Systems in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Ren ◽  
Sumei Yao ◽  
Runqing Wang ◽  
Dafu Wu ◽  
Shilin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Multiple Cropping ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
The Status ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Production Pattern

The multiple cropping is the main agricultural production pattern, including double cropping of rice in south China and double cropping of wheat and corn in north China. Household investigation, typical farmland survey and county statistics inspection were performed to analyze the status and countermeasure of nitrate pollution in China. The result showed that the nitrate rate of underground water was slowly increased, but it was not above the standard of WHO. Under the multiple cropping of winter wheat-summer corn, the nitrate level of irrigation well water had raised year after year since 1991. Some countermeasures should be taken to avoid the nitrate content of underground water, such as increasing the fertilizer use efficiency by taking agronomic measures, according to the local conditions, a reasonable allocation and application of fertilizer and others.

THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER ON SOIL FORMATION IN A MORAINAL LANDSCAPE IN SASKATCHEWAN

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. MILLER ◽  
D. F. ACTON ◽  
R. J. ST. ARNAUD
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Depth To Water Table ◽  
Water Tables

The results of this study indicate the importance of groundwater flow and water table depth on the genesis, characteristics and distribution of soils within a hummocky morainal landscape. Non-saline and non-carbonated soils in upland depressions can be attributed to "depression-focused" recharge by snowmelt and snowmelt runoff in the spring, as evidenced by deep sola and/or eluvial horizons. Non-saline and carbonated soils on lower slopes adjacent to depressions are associated with local discharge and/or lateral flow from the adjacent groundwater mounds under the depressions in spring, as well as upward flow in the summer resulting from water use by phreatophytes such as willows, creating a water table depression around the slough fringes. Saline and carbonated soils at low elevations are associated with shallow and rather stable water tables, and local discharge from surrounding uplands. Soil types on uplands are more dependent on slope position and infiltration than on depth to water table or groundwater flow. Non-saline soils of different profile types occur on mid- and upper slope positions. These areas have a deep water table with mainly recharge or lateral flow occurring in the saturated zone. The infiltration of surface runoff water in upland depressions is the dominant factor influencing the distribution of soluble salts in this hummocky landscape. Key words: Water table, landscape position, recharge, discharge, soluble salts, soil genesis, morphology, carbonate soil

scholarly journals The study of metribuzin migration in lysimeters

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Victoria Kolupaeva ◽  
Anna Kokoreva ◽  
Tatyana Bondareva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
State University ◽  
Lysimetric Water ◽  
Moscow State University

Metribuzin is a mobile pesticide widely used in agriculture and has great potential for soil migration. In addition, weather and soil conditions in the non-chernozem zone of Russia contribute to the movement of pesticides in the soil. The behaviour of metribuzin was studied in a lysimetric experiment. The experiment was carried out at the lysimeters of the Soil Research Station of Moscow State University from June 2016 to December 2017. Mertribuzin was applied in lysimeters in maximum recommended and eightfold rates two years in a row. Used in the recommended rate, metribuzin was detected in the samples of lysimetric water once at a concentration of 14 µg L-1 (6% of the samples analyzed). Applied in the eightfold rate, it was detected in 39.5% of samples, the maximum concentration was 180 µg L-1. The experiment revealed that metribuzin is able to leach bottom of the soil profile. The concentration of metribuzin found in the variant with the recommended rate is lower than the hygienic index adopted in Russian Federation for metribuzin, which indicates that the risk of metribuzin application for people is low.

scholarly journals Evolution of Secondary Deformations Captured by Satellite Radar Interferometry: Case Study of an Abandoned Coal Basin in SW Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Blachowski ◽  
Anna Kopec ◽  
Wojciech Milczarek ◽  
Karolina Owczarz
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Deformations ◽  
New Development ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Underground Water Table ◽  
Coal Fields

The issue of monitoring surface motions in post-mining areas in Europe is important due to the fact that a significant number of post-mining areas lie in highly-urbanized and densely-populated regions. Examples can be found in: Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, as well as the subject of this study, the Polish Walbrzych Hard Coal Basin. Studies of abandoned coal fields show that surface deformations in post-mining areas occur even several dozen years after the end of underground coal extraction, posing a threat to new development of these areas. In the case of the Walbrzych area, fragmentary, geodetic measurements indicate activity of the surface in the post-mining period (from 1995 onward). In this work, we aimed at determining the evolution of surface deformations in time during the first 15 years after the end of mining, i.e., the 1995–2010 period using ERS 1/2 and Envisat satellite radar data. Satellite radar data from European Space Agency missions are the only source of information on historical surface movements and provide spatial coverage of the entirety of the coal fields. In addition, we attempted to analyze the relationship of the ground deformations with hydrogeological changes and geological and mining data. Three distinct stages of ground movements were identified in the study. The ground motions (LOS (Line Of Sight)) determined with the PSInSAR (Persistent Scatterer Interferometry) method indicate uplift of the surface of up to +8 mm/a in the first period (until 2002). The extent and rate of this motion was congruent with the process of underground water table restoration in separate water basins associated with three neighboring coal fields. In the second period, after the stabilization of the underground water table, the surface remained active, as indicated by local subsidence (up to −5 mm/a) and uplift (up to +5 mm/a) zones. We hypothesize that this surface activity is the result of ground reaction disturbed by long-term shallow and deep mining. The third stage is characterized by gradual stabilization and decreasing deformations of the surface. The results accentuate the complexity of ground motion processes in post-mining areas, the advantages of the satellite radar technique for historical studies, and provide information for authorities responsible for new development of such areas, e.g., regarding potential flood zones caused by restoration of groundwater table in subsided areas.

Effect of temporary rise of saline water table on dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
FG Abd-El-Kaddous
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Temporary Rise ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Water Table Rise ◽  
Yield Of Oats

In 1968 and 1969, at Kerang, Victoria, the dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina) grown on a sodic soil were measured under conditions of fluctuating saline (31 mmhos cm-1) water tables. In each year, a water table was established for 14 days at one of three growth stages and at depths varying from 7.5 to 90 cm. Relative to the yield obtained when the water table remained at 90 cm depth, dry matter yields were reduced by 70 per cent (1968) and 79 per cent (1969) by one temporary water table rise to a depth of 7.5 cm for 14 days. Intermediate reductions in yields occurred when the water tables rose temporarily to intermediate depths from 82.5 cm to 15 cm (7.5 cm intervals). The growth stage at which the water table rise occurred had no significant effect on yield, except in the second period in 1969 when yield was reduced during conditions of high temperature and low evaporation.

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