Effect of temporary rise of saline water table on dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
FG Abd-El-Kaddous
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Temporary Rise ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Water Table Rise ◽  
Yield Of Oats

In 1968 and 1969, at Kerang, Victoria, the dry matter yield of oats (Avena byzantina) grown on a sodic soil were measured under conditions of fluctuating saline (31 mmhos cm-1) water tables. In each year, a water table was established for 14 days at one of three growth stages and at depths varying from 7.5 to 90 cm. Relative to the yield obtained when the water table remained at 90 cm depth, dry matter yields were reduced by 70 per cent (1968) and 79 per cent (1969) by one temporary water table rise to a depth of 7.5 cm for 14 days. Intermediate reductions in yields occurred when the water tables rose temporarily to intermediate depths from 82.5 cm to 15 cm (7.5 cm intervals). The growth stage at which the water table rise occurred had no significant effect on yield, except in the second period in 1969 when yield was reduced during conditions of high temperature and low evaporation.

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield of perennial pastures irrigated with saline water

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
AH Mehanni ◽  
DW West
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Irrigation Area ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

This study examines the interaction between salinity and nitrogen (N) fertiliser in perennial pastures growing in the Shepparton Irrigation Area of northern Victoria. In a greenhouse experiment, perennial ryegrass was irrigated with 5 concentrations of sodium chloride (100-6000 mg NaCl/L) and fertilised with 5 concentrations of N (25-800 mg/L). Nitrogen at 200 mg/L was optimum for dry matter yield; at N concentrations >200 mg/L, yield declined. Dry matter yield was greater at 750 mg NaCl/L than at 100 mg NaCl/L but was reduced with further increases in salinity. Significant interactions between salinity and N were recorded for dry matter, and for chloride, Na, potassium, and magnesium concentrations in perennial ryegrass. In a field experiment, the growth of mixed perennial ryegrass-white clover pastures irrigated with saline water [53000 mg/L of total dissolved solids (TDS)] also responded to N applications. With no added N, yield (2-year average) decreased from 16 630 to 11 277 kg DM/ha (32% decrease) with an increase in salinity from 100 to 3000 mg TDS/L. With 150 kg N/ha, the average yield was 17681 kg DM/ha at 100 mg TDSL and 14 123 kg DM/ha at 3000 mg TDS/L (20% decrease). Form of N (calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, or urea) had no significant effect on yield at 150 kg N/ha. Application of urea at 150 kg N/ha to pastures irrigated with water of salinity up to 3000 mg TDS/L would be economically justifiable.

Effects of herbicides on wallaby grass (Danthonia spp.) 1. Establishment

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Lodge ◽  
MG McMillan ◽  
AJ Schipp ◽  
AS Cook
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Metsulfuron Methyl ◽  
Tiller Stage ◽  
South Wales

Two experiments were conducted at Tamworth, New South Wales, to assess the effects of herbicides applied post-sowing pre-emergence, and at 2 post-emergence growth stages, on Danthonia (wallaby grass) dry matter yield, plant number, and plant phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity was scored visually on a 0-5 scale (0, no phytotoxicity; 5, 100% phytotoxicity). In the post-sowing pre-emergence study, no Danthonia plants survived on plots sprayed with metribuzin (375 g a.i./ha), chlorsulfuron (45 g a.i./ha), or simazine (750 and 1500 g a.i./ha). Phytotoxicity was also high at lower rates of metribuzin (187.5 g a.i./ha) and chlorsulfuron (22.5 g a.i./ha). Dry matter yields and plant numbers on 2,4-D amine and ester treatments were not significantly different from those of unsprayed controls. On metsulfuron-methyl (3 and 6 g a.i./ha) and triasulfuron (21.4 g a.i./ha) treatments, plant numbers were similar to the controls, but Danthonia yields were lower (P<0.05). In seedling stands, the only herbicide that reduced (P<0.05) Danthonia dry matter yield compared with the unsprayed control plots was metsulfuron-methyl applied at 6, 12, and 18 g a.i./ha at the 2-4 tiller stage, and at 12 and 18 g a.i./ha at early stem elongation. At both times of application, Danthonia plant numbers were lowest (P<0.05) on the metsulfuron-methyl 12 and 18 g a.i./ha treatments. Phytotoxicity scores were >2 and highest (P<0.05) on all metsulfuron-methyl plots. These studies indicated that a range of chemicals could be used to control broadleaf weed seedlings, without damaging Danthonia seedlings.

EFFECTS OF USING OATS AS A COMPANION CROP WITH ORCHARDGRASS, DACTYLIS GLOMERATA L., AND WHITE CLOVER, TRIFOLIUM REPENS L., SOWN FOR PASTURE

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. P. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Companion Crop ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Yield Of Oats

The effect of an oat companion crop upon the establishment and subsequent pasture yield of orchardgrass and Ladino clover was studied at Agassiz, British Columbia. In the year of seeding, oats, irrespective of stage of harvest, provided a degree of weed control and reduced the dry matter yield of orchardgrass and white clover. The reduction in yield for grass and clover persisted into the second year under the silage and grain management, whereas when the oats were harvested for pasture the yields of grass and clover were equal to or greater than the yields of grass and clover grown without a companion crop. Management was more important than rate of seeding the companion crop with respect to the yield of oats, grass, and clover. The herbicide MCPA caused a reduction in dry matter yield for grass and clover in the year following application and was generally less effective for weed control than the oat companion crop.

AGRONOMIC STUDIES WITH FODDER RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS VAR. BIENNIS)

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Effect On Yield

Production practices that included two seeding methods and seven seeding rates in one study, and a combination of seven seeding and five harvest dates in another, were compared in field studies over a five-year period. Data were collected on dry matter yield and several plant characteristics. The lowest seeding rate in the row plantings produced the highest yield of dry matter every year. Seeding rates had no effect on yield within the broadcast method. Plant weight, stem diameter and leaf content were greater under the row seeding method than under the broadcast system, but none was affected strongly by seeding rate under either method. Plant height and dry matter content at harvest were not affected either by the methods or by the rates of seeding used. On the other hand, date of seeding had a marked effect on the final dry matter content and yield. Early seeding dates produced the highest yields. Dry matter yield increased several-fold throughout the autumn harvest period where mid- to late-season seedings were employed.

The influence of sowing method on perennial grass establishment. I. Dry matter yield and botanical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Bellotti ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Effect On Yield

'Demeter' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and 'Victorian' perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were sown separately into a white clover (Trifolium repens L.) dominant pasture in June 1981. Eight sowing methods were compared to assess the ability of perennial grasses to establish from direct drill sowing methods relative to conventional seedbed and aerial sowing methods. Within direct drill treatments, two drill implements were factorially combined with three herbicide treatments. Pasture production and botanical composition were sampled over a 27 month period following sowing. After a dry summer, 22 months after sowing, sown grasses dominated pasture composition (69-94% of total dry matter yield) in the high yielding treatments. At this time, the successful direct drill treatments were similar in yield to the conventional seedbed treatment. Within direct drill treatments, sowing implement had little effect on yield and composition, whereas herbicide application markedly increased sown grass yield. Pre-sowing blanket application of herbicide in the triple disc treatment increased tall fescue yield from 82 to 1504 kg ha-1 and perennial ryegrass yield from 98 to 807 kg ha-1. An inverse relationship was described between dry matter present at sowing and eventual yield of sown grasses. These perennial grasses can be successfully established by using direct drill sowing methods provided resident vegetation is adequately suppressed.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Germination and Growth Parameters of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinbode Foluso OLOGUNDUDU ◽  
Adekunle Ajayi ADELUSI ◽  
Richard Olutayo AKINWALE
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties

The response of eight varieties of Oryza sativa L. (‘NERICA 1’, ‘NERICA 5’, ‘NERICA 12’, ‘NERICA 19’, ‘IR 29’, ‘IR 20’, ‘IWA 11’, and ‘POKKALI’, a salt tolerant check) against four salinity levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 ds m-1) were studied at germination and early growth stages. Data were analyzed using Statistical Analytical System (SAS) and means were separated by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for Final Germination Percentage (FGP), Speed of Germination (SG), Germination Energy Percentage (GE%), shoot and root length and root and shoot dry weight. Based on dry matter yield reduction, rice varieties were classified as tolerant (T), moderately tolerant (MT), moderately susceptible (MS) or susceptible (S). Germination was not recorded at 20 ds m-1 salt concentration in all cultivars. Salinity decreased FGP, SG, GE% and led to reduction in shoot and root length and dry weight in all varieties and the magnitude of reduction increased with increasing salinity stress. Rice varieties ‘NERICA 12’, ‘IR 20’, ‘IWA 11’ and ‘NERICA 19’ showed greater salt tolerance during germination (germinated at 10 ds m-1 salinity). However, ‘NERICA 1’, ‘IR 29’, and ‘IR 20’ performed better based on dry matter yield reduction. The result suggested that ‘NERICA 1’, ‘IR 29’, and ‘IR 20’ might be used for further study of salinity effect on growth processes and physiological consequences at advanced stage of growth. The physiological responses of rice plants to salinity at various developmental stages are therefore critical for identifying salinity tolerance in the cultivars.

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