Localization of cells in the rat brain expressing fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, the deficient enzyme in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1

Hereditary metabolic disorders include a group of diseases (more than 400) when a defect of a particular gene changes the metabolic process leading either to the accumulation of unwanted metabolites, or to a deficiency of a substance. This group also includes hereditary tyrosinemia type 1, a severe defect of tyrosine metabolism caused by deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) – the last enzyme of tyrosine catabolic pathway. Tyrosinemia type 1 is an autosomal recessive disorder. This paper presents a review of literature on the current state of diagnosticis and approaches to treatment of tyrosinemia using nitisinone and a low-protein diet, as well as the analysis of clinical manifestations and laboratory diagnostics of hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 in 17 children.

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Direct sequencing of FAH gene in Pakistani tyrosinemia type 1 families reveals a novel mutation

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2015-0289 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sadaqat Ijaz ◽

Muhammad Yasir Zahoor ◽

Muhammad Imran ◽

Sibtain Afzal ◽

Munir A. Bhinder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Screening Program ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Direct Sequencing ◽

Delayed Diagnosis ◽

Recessive Mutations ◽

Acute Form ◽

Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽

Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase ◽

Hereditary Tyrosinemia

AbstractHereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare inborn error of tyrosine catabolism with a worldwide prevalence of one out of 100,000 live births. HT1 is clinically characterized by hepatic and renal dysfunction resulting from the deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) enzyme, caused by recessive mutations in theThree Pakistani families, each having one child affected with HT1, were enrolled over a period of 1.5 years. Two of the affected children had died as they were presented late with acute form. All regions of theThree differentMost of the HT1 patients die before they present to hospitals in Pakistan, as is indicated by enrollment of only three families in 1.5 years. Most of those with late clinical presentation do not survive due to delayed diagnosis followed by untimely treatment. This tragic condition advocates the establishment of expanded newborn screening program for HT1 within Pakistan.

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Structural and Functional Analysis of Missense Mutations in Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase, the Gene Deficient in Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m009341200 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 276 (18) ◽

pp. 15225-15231 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Anne Bergeron ◽

Myreille D'Astous ◽

David E. Timm ◽

Robert M. Tanguay

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Missense Mutations ◽

Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽

Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase ◽

Hereditary Tyrosinemia

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Hepatocyte injury in tyrosinemia type 1 is induced by fumarylacetoacetate and is inhibited by caspase inhibitors

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.95.16.9552 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 95 (16) ◽

pp. 9552-9557 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Shuji Kubo ◽

Maosen Sun ◽

Michio Miyahara ◽

Kazuhiro Umeyama ◽

Ken-ichi Urakami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Failure ◽

Double Mutant ◽

Acute Onset ◽

Mutant Mice ◽

Free System ◽

Caspase Inhibitors ◽

Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽

Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase ◽

Hereditary Tyrosinemia

Tyrosinemia type 1, caused by mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene (Fah), is characterized by severe liver injury. We earlier developed a tyrosinemic mouse model with two genetic defects, Fah and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (Hpd) deficiencies. Apoptosis of hepatocytes was induced and an acute onset of liver failure occurred after administration of homogentisic acid (HGA), the intermediate metabolite between the enzymes HPD and FAH. Cytochrome c was released from mitochondria prior to liver failure in the Fah−/−Hpd−/− double-mutant mice after the administration of HGA. In a cell-free system, the addition of fumarylacetoacetate induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. We also found that caspase inhibitors were highly effective in preventing the liver failure induced by HGA in the double-mutant mice. Therefore, fumarylacetoacetate apparently induces the release of cytochrome c, which in turn triggers activation of the caspase cascade in hepatocytes of subjects with hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.

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In vivo lentiviral vector gene therapy to cure hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 and prevent development of precancerous and cancerous lesions

10.1101/2021.01.02.425079 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Clara T Nicolas ◽

Caitlin J VanLith ◽

Kari L Allen ◽

Raymond D Hickey ◽

Zeji Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lentiviral Vector ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽

Vector Targeting ◽

Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase ◽

Hereditary Tyrosinemia ◽

First Time

AbstractConventional therapy for hereditary tyrosinemia type-1 (HT1) with 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC) delays but in some cases fails to prevent disease progression to liver fibrosis, liver failure, and activation of tumorigenic pathways. Here we demonstrate for the first time a complete cure of HT1 by direct, in vivo administration of a therapeutic lentiviral vector targeting the expression of a human fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) transgene in the porcine model of HT1. This therapy was well tolerated and provided stable long-term expression of FAH in pigs with HT1. Genomic integration displayed a benign profile, with subsequent fibrosis and tumorigenicity gene expression patterns similar to wild-type animals as compared to NTBC-treated or diseased untreated animals. Indeed, the phenotypic and genomic data following in vivo lentiviral vector administration demonstrate comparative superiority over other therapies including ex vivo cell therapy and therefore support clinical application of this approach.

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Geographical and Ethnic Distribution of Mutations of the Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Gene in Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1

JIMD Reports - JIMD Reports, Volume 19 ◽

10.1007/8904_2014_363 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 43-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Francesca Angileri ◽

Anne Bergeron ◽

Geneviève Morrow ◽

Francine Lettre ◽

George Gray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽

Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase ◽

Hereditary Tyrosinemia ◽

Ethnic Distribution

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Oxidative Stress, Glutathione Metabolism, and Liver Regeneration Pathways Are Activated in Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1 Mice upon Short-Term Nitisinone Discontinuation

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Haaike Colemonts-Vroninks ◽

Jessie Neuckermans ◽

Lionel Marcelis ◽

Paul Claes ◽

Steven Branson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Liver Regeneration ◽

The Body ◽

Glutathione Metabolism ◽

Short Term ◽

Therapeutic Regime ◽

Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽

Hereditary Tyrosinemia

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an inherited condition in which the body is unable to break down the amino acid tyrosine due to mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) gene, coding for the final enzyme of the tyrosine degradation pathway. As a consequence, HT1 patients accumulate toxic tyrosine derivatives causing severe liver damage. Since its introduction, the drug nitisinone (NTBC) has offered a life-saving treatment that inhibits the upstream enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD), thereby preventing production of downstream toxic metabolites. However, HT1 patients under NTBC therapy remain unable to degrade tyrosine. To control the disease and side-effects of the drug, HT1 patients need to take NTBC as an adjunct to a lifelong tyrosine and phenylalanine restricted diet. As a consequence of this strict therapeutic regime, drug compliance issues can arise with significant influence on patient health. In this study, we investigated the molecular impact of short-term NTBC therapy discontinuation on liver tissue of Fah-deficient mice. We found that after seven days of NTBC withdrawal, molecular pathways related to oxidative stress, glutathione metabolism, and liver regeneration were mostly affected. More specifically, NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response and several toxicological gene classes related to reactive oxygen species metabolism were significantly modulated. We observed that the expression of several key glutathione metabolism related genes including Slc7a11 and Ggt1 was highly increased after short-term NTBC therapy deprivation. This stress response was associated with the transcriptional activation of several markers of liver progenitor cells including Atf3, Cyr61, Ddr1, Epcam, Elovl7, and Glis3, indicating a concreted activation of liver regeneration early after NTBC withdrawal.

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