“Diversity in Surgery—How Do We Change the Narrative: Pipeline to Professor?”

The goal of our paper is to provide our perspectives on why there is a need to change the narrative in academic surgery to improve health equity by increasing the pipeline of pre-med students to professors. It is well documented that Health disparities hurt many different people, but they especially hurt Black, Indigenous, and People of color. Black men and women have a decreased life expectancy. Differences in care are associated with greater mortality among minority patients and that care provided to black patients by black physicians can lead to improved compliance with medications and care plans. The lack of black diversity in the medical profession proportional to the societal ethnic distribution is alarming. We have opportunities for improvement for recruitment, retention and promotion within the field of surgery.

374. Need to Improve Minority Representation through COVID-19 Community Research Partnership

Background Minorities are often unrepresented in research, which limits equity in healthcare advances. The racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes of individuals infected with COVID-19 highlight the importance of inclusivity in research to improve public health measures. Methods We performed a descriptive analysis of the racial and ethnic distribution of children enrolled in our COVID-19 Community Research Partnership (CRP) study, a syndromic and serological surveillance study of children aged 2 – 17 years receiving care at three healthcare systems spanning North and South Carolina. Syndromic surveillance involved daily symptom reporting using a web-based monitoring application. Participants consenting to serological surveillance were mailed at-home tests sampling finger prick capillary blood. In-person and electronic recruitment efforts were conducted in English and Spanish. At one of the study sites, we compared the racial/ethnic distribution of enrolled children to the racial/ethnic distribution of all children who received care at the same site during the same timeframe. We compared the racial/ethnic distribution of participants who ultimately submitted samples for serological testing compared to those who consented to serologic testing. Results At total of1630 children were enrolled from April 2, 2021 – June 8, 2021. Most children were > 5 years old, 50.2% were female, and 88.5% were from mostly urban counties (Table 1). Of enrolled children, 4.2% were Hispanic, 8.2% were black, and 81.6% were white (Table 2). Among 135,355 unique children who received care at the institution during the same time, 12.4% were Hispanic, 23.0% were black, and 63.1% were white. Of 1552 participants who consented to serologic testing, 4.4% were Hispanic, 8.1% were black, and 81.8% were white (Table 3). To date, 242 children submitted serologic samples; 4.1% were Hispanic, 5.0% were black, and 85.5% were white. Table 1. Characteristics of enrolled children in COVID-19 surveillance study Table 2. Racial and Ethnic distribution of children enrolled in the study compared to target population Table 3. Racial and ethnic distribution of children who participated in serology testing Conclusion Despite efforts to recruit a diverse group of children, the proportion of minorities enrolled in our COVID-19 surveillance study underrepresents the targeted population. Ongoing efforts will work to identify barriers and facilitators to research participation among minority families. Disclosures Amina Ahmed, MD, Nothing to disclose

LANGUAGE ECOLOGY IN TIBETAN AREAS OF WESTERN SICHUAN: PROBLEMS, CAUSES AND STRATEGIES

The language ecology in western Sichuan is diverse and complex, and there are nearly 20 ethnic groups and 20 languages intermingled with each other. However, their unique linguistic individuality is often covered by the universal language and become "disadvantaged languages" in their own habitat. Many reasons, of which are mixed ethnic distribution, deficient education resource and economic transformation etc., have led to the loss of linguistic vitality of the ancient languages. Ethnic, bilingual and vocational education are necessary strategies to improve the ethnic language ecology.

A Novel ITM2B Mutation Associated with Familial Chinese Dementia

Mutations in ITM2B have been found to be associated with familial Danish dementia (FDD) and familial British dementia (FBD). Here, we describe a patient with dementia caused by a novel ITM2B p. *267Leuext *11 mutation. The patient presented with dementia, ataxia, deafness, and paraplegia. Amyloid PET and Tau PET showed abnormal deposition of amyloid and tau protein in brain. Summarized from previous 26 FBD and FDD cases, the clinical phenotype of ITM2B; p. *267Leuext *11 mutation in ITM2B is different from the features of FBD and FDD. Our findings increased genetic knowledge of familial dementia and extend the ethnic distribution of ITM2B mutations.

Ethnic distribution, effective power and conflict

This paper highlights the fact that different distributional aspects of ethnicity matter for conflict. We axiomatically derive a parametric class of indices of conflict potential obtained as the sum of each ethnic group’s relative power weighted by the probability of across group interactions. The power component of an extreme element of this class of indices is given by the Penrose–Banzhaf measure of relative power. This index combines in a non-linear way fractionalization, polarization and dominance. The empirical analysis verifies that it outperforms the existing indices of ethnic diversity in explaining ethnic conflict onset.

The prevalence and clinical relevance of 2R/2R TYMS genotype in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens

IntroductionThe prevalence of 2R/2RTYMSgenotype is variable but estimated to be around 20–30% in Caucasians. The clinical relevance ofTYMS 2R/2Rgenotype in predicting severe fluoropyrimidine-related adverse events (FrAE) is controversial. Here, we explored the prevalence and clinical relevance of2R/2R TYMSgenotype.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2018, 126 patients were genotyped forTYMS. FrAEs were graded according to CTCAE version 5.0. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe prevalence ofTYMS 2R/2Rgenotype was 24.6%. Among patients with TYMS genotypes (N = 71) that predict decreased TS expression,2R/2R TYMSgenotype was the most commonTYMSgenotype seen in female (57%) and African American (60%) patients. Among patients with genotypes that predict increased TS expression (N = 55), 12 patients had grade 3–4 FrAEs (22%), while among patients with genotypes that predict decreased TS expression (N = 71), 30 patients had grade 3–4 FrAEs (42%) (p = 0.0219). Compared to patients with genotypes predicting increased TS expression, 17 out of 31 patients (55%) withTYMS 2R/2Rgenotype had grade 3–4 FrAEs (p = 0.0039) and 15 out 40 patients (38%) withTYMS 2R/3RCandTYMS 3RC/3RCgenotype had grade 3–4 FrAEs (p = 0.1108).ConclusionThe prevalence ofTYMS 2R/2Rgenotype was 24.6%, and it had a unique sex and ethnic distribution. Polymorphism in the promoter region ofTYMSgene that predicts decreased TS expression due to2R/2Rvariant was associated with grade 3–4 FrAEs. These data suggest that genotyping patients who are not DPD deficient for TYMS might identify patients at risk of severe FrAEs.