Aluminium-organic matter-fluoride interactions during soil development in oxidised mine waste

Δ14C and δ13C values for organic matter in forest and grassland soils, in the presence or absence of earthworms, indicate that it should be possible to quantify the effects of earthworms on soil organic matter by this means. Without earthworms, both in forest and grassland soils, plant debris tends to accumulate on the surface of the mineral soil and little organic matter is incorporated into or is translocated down the soil profile. Where earthworms are present, there is much more marked incorporation of fresh plant debris in the mineral soil. This is shown especially by the pulse of ‘bomb’ carbon and also by the δ13C values.

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SOIL AGGREGATE, ORGANIC MATTER AND MICROBIAL DYNAMICS UNDER DIFFERENT AMENDMENTS AFTER 27 YEARS OF MINE SOIL DEVELOPMENT

Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation ◽

10.21000/jasmr10011364 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 (1) ◽

pp. 1364-1386 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.F. Wick ◽

W.L. Daniels ◽

W.L. Nash ◽

J.A. Burger

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Aggregate ◽

Soil Development ◽

Mine Soil ◽

Microbial Dynamics

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Soil geochemistry as a driver of soil organic matter composition: insights from a soil chronosequence

10.5194/bg-2021-295 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Moritz Mainka ◽

Laura Summerauer ◽

Daniel Wasner ◽

Gina Garland ◽

Marco Griepentrog ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Soil Development ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Soil Geochemistry ◽

Change Over Time ◽

Δ13c And Δ15n ◽

Soil Chronosequence ◽

Peak Areas ◽

Over Time

Abstract. A central question in carbon research is how stabilization mechanisms in soil change over time with soil development and how this is reflected in qualitative changes of soil organic matter (SOM). To address this matter, we assessed the influence of soil geochemistry on bulk SOM composition along a soil chronosequence in California, USA spanning 3 million years. This was done by combining data on soil mineralogy and texture from previous studies with additional measurements on total carbon (C), stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N), and spectral information derived from Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). To assess qualitative shifts in bulk SOM, we analysed the peak areas of simple plant-derived (S-POM), complex plant-derived (C-POM), and predominantly microbially derived OM (MOM) and their changes in abundance across soils varying several millennia to millions of years in weathering and soil development. We observed that SOM became increasingly stabilized and microbially-derived (lower C : N ratio, increasing δ13C and δ15N) as soil weathering progresses. Peak areas of S-POM (i.e. aliphatic root exudates) did not change over time, while peak areas of C-POM (lignin) and MOM (components of microbial cell walls (amides, quinones, and ketones)) increased over time and depth and were closely related to clay content and pedogenic iron oxides. Hence, our study suggests that with progressing soil development, SOM composition co-varies with changes in the mineral matrix. Our study indicates that a discrimination in favour of structurally more complex OM compounds (C-POM, MOM) gains importance as the mineral soil matrix becomes increasingly weathered.

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Soil development on restored opencast coal sites with particular reference to organic matter and aggregate stability

Soil Use and Management ◽

10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00158.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 234-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

A. Malik ◽

J. Scullion

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Soil Development

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Quantification of the inevitable: the influence of soil macrofauna on soil water movement in rehabilitated open-cut mine land

SOIL Discussions ◽

10.5194/soild-2-853-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 853-870 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Arnold ◽

E. R. Williams

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Movement ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Soil Development ◽

Soil Macrofauna ◽

Functional Dynamics ◽

Cover Systems ◽

Crucial Information ◽

Mine Sites ◽

Cover Design

Abstract. Recolonisation of soil by macrofauna (especially ants and termites) in rehabilitated open-cut mine sites is inevitable. In these highly disturbed landscapes, soil invertebrates play a major role in soil development (macropore configuration, nutrient cycling, bioturbation, etc.) and can influence hydrological processes such as infiltration and seepage. Understanding and quantifying these ecosystem processes is important in rehabilitation design, establishment and subsequent management to ensure progress to the desired end-goal, especially in waste cover systems designed to prevent water reaching and transporting underlying hazardous waste materials. However, soil macrofauna are typically overlooked during hydrological modelling, possibly due to uncertainties on the extent of their influence, which can lead to failure of waste cover systems or rehabilitation activities. We propose that scientific experiments under controlled conditions are required to quantify (i) macrofauna – soil structure interactions, (ii) functional dynamics of macrofauna taxa, and (iii) their effects on macrofauna and soil development over time. Such knowledge would provide crucial information for soil water models, which would increase confidence in mine waste cover design recommendations and eventually lead to higher likelihood of rehabilitation success of open-cut mining land.

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Evaluation of substrate and amendment materials for soil reclamation at a diamond mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss2011-029 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 77-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bonnie L. Drozdowski ◽

M. Anne Naeth ◽

Sarah R. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Northwest Territories ◽

Plant Density ◽

Mine Waste ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Glacial Till ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Soil Reclamation ◽

Consistent Increase ◽

Physical And Chemical

Drozdowski, B. L., Naeth, M. A. and Wilkinson, S. R. 2012. Evaluation of substrate and amendment materials for soil reclamation at a diamond mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 77–88. Mine waste materials with potential for use in soil construction at a diamond mine in the Northwest Territories were evaluated to address physical and chemical limitations for plant establishment, growth and development. Substrates were glacial till, gravel, processed kimberlite, and 50:50 and 25:75 mixes of processed kimberlite and till. Amendments were salvaged topsoil, sewage sludge, inorganic fertilizer and sludge from a water treatment facility. Reclamation soils constructed with these materials were adequate for revegetation. Mixes of processed kimberlite and glacial till enhanced soil structure and diluted adverse concentrations of elements. The original gravel pad, alone or amended, was a suitable substrate for plants. Addition of organic amendments topsoil and sludge, to any substrate, increased organic matter, nutrients and surface water retention. Of amendments evaluated, salvaged topsoil provided the most consistent increase in plant density among substrates. Inorganic fertilizer applied to gravel or till provided results similar to those with topsoil. Sludge had potential to amend mixes of processed kimberlite and till, although results were variable. Sewage was a good source of organic matter, increasing soil water content and macro nutrients. Vegetation response was poor in sewage-amended treatments likely due to combined effects of high copper, molybdenum, phosphorus, selenium, sulphate and zinc.

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Formation of gibbsite in soils and saprolites of temperate-humid zones

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/claymin.1981.016.1.03 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

F. Macías Vazquez

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Development ◽

Nw Spain ◽

Weathered Soils

AbstractAnalysis of the distribution of gibbsite in soils and saprolites of Galicia, NW Spain, leads to the conclusion that this mineral is mostly formed by inorganic mechanisms in open, well-drained and desaturated systems in the initial stages of weathering of various aluminosilicates, especially plagioclases. No evidence has been found to support the hypothesis that it is a feature inherited from hotter climates, as it has not been identified to date either in ancient sediments or in the most evolved and weathered soils. The role of organic matter and the possibility ofa biogeochemical origin is also discussed: it is considered that this mechanism is only important during podsolic soil development.

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