Overview of commercial poultry production systems and their main welfare challenges

Commercial layer-type, pullet, cockerel, and broiler chicken flocks infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Nigeria between 2006 and 2008 were investigated for morbidity, mortality, and pathology. Of the one hundred and fifty-three (153) farms confirmed with HPAI infection, one hundred and twenty-seven (127) were layer-type farms, nine (9) were pullet and broiler farms each, and eight (8) were cockerel rearing farms. This study revealed the morbidity and mortality of a total of 939,620 commercial layer chickens, 16,421 pullets, 3,109 cockerels, and 6,433 broilers. Mortality rates were 11.11% in commercial layers, 26.84% in pullets, 45.51% in cockerels, and 73.92% in broilers in a total of eighteen (18) states and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. A total of 316 carcasses were examined of which 248 were commercial layer, 25 were pullet, 14 were cockerel, and 29 were broiler. Main clinical and pathologic findings were observed in the nervous, circulatory, respiratory, integumentary, musculoskeletal, hemopoietic, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems and, occasionally, lesions were generally nonspecific and multisystemic. Lesions occurred more frequently, severely, and in most of the carcasses examined, irrespective of chicken type.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Selected <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> Isolated from Commercial Poultry Production Systems in Kiambu County, Kenya

Pharmacology &amp Pharmacy ◽

10.4236/pp.2021.1210019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 219-236

Author(s):

James Gakunga Ndukui ◽

Joseph Kangangi Gikunju ◽

Gabriel Oluga Aboge ◽

John Mwaniki ◽

Samuel Kariuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Production Systems ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Commercial Poultry

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Antimicrobial Use in Commercial Poultry Production Systems in Kiambu County, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices

Open Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.4236/ojas.2021.114045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (04) ◽

pp. 658-681

Author(s):

James G. Ndukui ◽

Joseph K. Gikunju ◽

Gabriel O. Aboge ◽

James M. Mbaria

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

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A vision of poultry production in the UK

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500041078 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 119-124

Author(s):

G. C. Perry

Keyword(s):

Production Efficiency ◽

Production Systems ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Production Costs ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Market Place ◽

Standards Of Living ◽

Develop Technology ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

The Uk

AbstractCurrent commercial poultry production in the UK faces many challenges which make it difficult to confidently predict the future. Changing legislation, responding largely to welfare pressures, is one such challenge. Additionally, consumer demands are widening. Eggs and meat from stock which is organically produced, or fed on rations containing no genetically modified ingredients, or free range produced, or corn fed are some of the assurances sought by the purchaser and consumer. Although the market place already offers such produce it is difficult to predict the extent to which they will penetrate a market which developed largely through the use of intensive production systems. The alternatives to intensively produced eggs and meat are more expensive to produce and therefore purchase and consequently are susceptible to changes in standards of living and the affluence of the consumer.This paper briefly describes current commercial practices and some of the specific challenges arising from new legislation.A description of some specific requirements of birds highlights areas where improvements, in terms of performance, production efficiency, and welfare might be gained. Since the overwhelming majority of eggs and meat is produced in intensive, highly automated systems, there is an obvious need for an integrated approach featuring engineers and the poultry industry to refine and further develop technology which better serves the birds, and ultimately, the consumer.It is concluded that the UK cannot compete in production costs with some other areas of the world and as retailers increasingly source their goods worldwide, the UK poultry producer may have to resort to the production of products which satisfy niche demands.

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Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-020-01153-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽

Dong Zeng ◽

Abdul Khalique ◽

Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽

Hesong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Production Systems ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Gut Health ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Broiler Performance ◽

Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽

Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

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Probiotics and Potential Applications for Alternative Poultry Production Systems

Poultry Science ◽

10.1016/j.psj.2021.101156 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101156

Author(s):

Rim El Jeni ◽

Dana K. Dittoe ◽

Elena G. Olson ◽

Jeferson Lourenco ◽

Nicolae Corcionivoschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Potential Applications

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Salmonella Bacteriophage Diversity According to Most Prevalent Salmonella Serovars in Layer and Broiler Poultry Farms from Eastern Spain

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10091456 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Sandra Sevilla-Navarro ◽

Pablo Catalá-Gregori ◽

Clara Marin

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Production Type ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Commercial Poultry ◽

Salmonella Serovars ◽

The Impact ◽

Phage Isolation ◽

Salmonella Phage

The exploration of novel nonantibiotic interventions in the field, such as the use of bacteriophages, is necessary to avoid the presence of Salmonella. Bacteriophages are a group of viruses widely distributed in nature, strictly associated with the prokaryotic cell. Researchers have demonstrated the success of phage therapy in reducing Salmonella counts in poultry products. However, the impact that phage concentration in the environment may have against certain Salmonella serovars is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess Salmonella phage prevalence in commercial poultry farms in terms of the production type: layers or broilers. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars isolated in poultry production were used for phage isolation. Salmonella specific phages were isolated from 141 layer and broiler farms located in the Valencia region during 2019. Analysis of the samples revealed that 100% presented Salmonella phages, the most prevalent being against serovar S. Enteritidis (93%), followed by S. Virchow (59%), S. Typhimurium (55%), S. Infantis (52%) and S. Ohio (51%). These results indicate that poultry farms could represent an important source of Salmonella phages. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to assess the epidemiology of phages against other serovars present in other countries and their diversity from the point of view of molecular studies.

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