FRESHWATER ICE GROWTH, MOTION, AND DECAY

1980 ◽  
pp. 261-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
Ice Growth ◽  
Freshwater Ice

scholarly journals Observation-derived ice growth curves show patterns and trends in maximum ice thickness and safe travel duration of Alaskan lakes and rivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Arp ◽  
Jessica E. Cherry ◽  
Dana R.N. Brown ◽  
Allen C. Bondurant ◽  
Karen L. Endres
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Freshwater Ice ◽  
Northern Regions

Abstract. The formation, growth, and decay of freshwater ice on lakes and rivers are fundamental processes of northern regions with wide ranging implications for socio-ecological systems. Ice thickness at the end of winter is perhaps the best integration of cold-season weather and climate, while the duration of thick and growing ice cover is a useful indicator for the winter travel and recreation season. Both maximum ice thickness (MIT) and ice travel duration (ITD) can be estimated from temperature-driven ice growth curves fit to ice thickness observations. We simulated and analyzed ice growth curves based on ice thickness data collected from a range of observation programs throughout Alaska spanning the past 20–60 years to understand patterns and trends in lake and river ice. Results suggest reductions in MIT (thinning) in several northern, interior, and coastal regions of Alaska and overall greater interannual variability in rivers compared to lakes. Interior regions generally showed less variability in MIT and even slightly increasing trends in at least one river site. Average ITD ranged from 214 days in the northern-most lakes to 114 days across southern-most lakes with significant decreases in duration for half of sites. River ITD showed low regional variability, but high interannual variability, underscoring the challenges with predicting seasonally-consistent river travel. Standardization and analysis of these ice observation data provide a comprehensive summary for understanding changes in winter climate and its impact on freshwater ice services.

scholarly journals Observation-derived ice growth curves show patterns and trends in maximum ice thickness and safe travel duration of Alaskan lakes and rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3595-3609
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Arp ◽  
Jessica E. Cherry ◽  
Dana R. N. Brown ◽  
Allen C. Bondurant ◽  
Karen L. Endres
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Freshwater Ice ◽  
Northern Regions

Abstract. The formation, growth, and decay of freshwater ice on lakes and rivers are fundamental processes of northern regions with wide-ranging implications for socio-ecological systems. Ice thickness at the end of winter is perhaps the best integration of cold-season weather and climate, while the duration of thick and growing ice cover is a useful indicator for the winter travel and recreation season. Both maximum ice thickness (MIT) and ice travel duration (ITD) can be estimated from temperature-driven ice growth curves fit to ice thickness observations. We simulated and analyzed ice growth curves based on ice thickness data collected from a range of observation programs throughout Alaska spanning the past 20–60 years to understand patterns and trends in lake and river ice. Results suggest reductions in MIT (thinning) in several northern, interior, and coastal regions of Alaska and overall greater interannual variability in rivers compared to lakes. Interior regions generally showed less variability in MIT and even slightly increasing trends in at least one river site. Average ITD ranged from 214 d in the northernmost lakes to 114 d across southernmost lakes, with significant decreases in duration for half of sites. River ITD showed low regional variability but high interannual variability, underscoring the challenges with predicting seasonally consistent river travel. Standardization and analysis of these ice observation data provide a comprehensive summary for understanding changes in winter climate and its impact on freshwater ice services.

How nanoscale surface steps promote ice growth on feldspar: microscopy observation of morphology-enhanced condensation and freezing

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (44) ◽  
pp. 21147-21154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Friddle ◽  
Konrad Thürmer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Topography ◽  
Video Microscopy ◽  
Microscopy Observation ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Surface Steps

Video microscopy and AFM are used to relate surface topography to a mineral's ability to promote ice growth. On feldspar, abundant as atmospheric dust, basic surface steps can facilitate condensation and freezing when air becomes saturated.

THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF FRESHWATER ICE

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-329-C1-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. NIXON ◽  
R. A. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Freshwater Ice

scholarly journals Ice Growth Suppression in the Solution Flows of Antifreeze Protein and Sodium Chloride in a Mini-Channel

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Kazuya Taira ◽  
Tomonori Waku ◽  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Interface Velocity ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Cold Energy

The control of ice growth inside channels of aqueous solution flows is important in numerous fields, including (a) cold-energy transportation plants and (b) the preservation of supercooled human organs for transplantation. A promising method for this control is to add a substance that influences ice growth in the flows. However, limited results have been reported on the effects of such additives. Using a microscope, we measured the growth of ice from one sidewall toward the opposite sidewall of a mini-channel, where aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and antifreeze protein flowed. Our aim was to considerably suppress ice growth by mixing the two solutes. Inclined interfaces, the overlapping of serrated interfaces, and interfaces with sharp and flat tips were observed in the cases of the protein-solution, salt-solution, and mixed-solution flows, respectively. In addition, it was found that the average interface velocity in the case of the mixed-solution flow was the lowest and decreased by 64% compared with that of pure water. This significant suppression of the ice-layer growth can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the ions and antifreeze protein on the diffusion of protein.

Mechanisms for Downstream Ice Growth

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egemen Ogretim ◽  
Wade W. Huebsch ◽  
Jim Narramore ◽  
Bob Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Ice Growth

scholarly journals Sea-ice growth and water-mass modification in the Mertz Glacier polynya, East Antarctica, during winter

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Bindoff ◽  
G. D. Williams ◽  
I. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Shelf Water ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Current Profiler

AbstractIn July-September 1999, an extensive oceanographic survey (87 conductivity-, temperature-and depth-measuring stations) was conducted in the Mertz Glacier polynya over the Adélie Depression off the Antarctic coast between 145° and 150° E. We identify and describe four key water masses in this polynya: highly modified circumpolar deep water (HMCDW), winter water (WW), ice-shelf water (ISW) and high-salinity shelf water (HSSW). Combining surface velocity data (from an acoustic Doppler current-profiler) with three hydrographic sections, we found the HMCDW to be flowing westward along the shelf break (0.7 Sv), the WW and HSSW flowing eastwards underneath Mertz Glacier (2.0 Sv) and that there was a westward return flow of ISW against the continent (1.2 Sv). Using a simple box model for the exchanges of heat and fresh water between the principal water masses, we find that the polynya was primarily a latent-heat polynya with 95% of the total heat flux caused by sea-ice formation. This heat flux results from a fresh-water-equivalent sea-ice growth rate of 4.9−7.7 cm d−1 and a mass exchange between HMCDW and WW of 1.45 Sv The inferred ocean heat flux is 8−14 W m−2 and compares well with other indirect estimates.

A model of grease ice growth in small leads

1983 ◽  
Vol 88 (C5) ◽  
pp. 2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Bauer ◽  
Seelye Martin
Keyword(s):  
Ice Growth
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