scholarly journals Ice Growth Suppression in the Solution Flows of Antifreeze Protein and Sodium Chloride in a Mini-Channel

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Kazuya Taira ◽  
Tomonori Waku ◽  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Interface Velocity ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Layer Growth ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Ice Growth ◽  
Cold Energy

The control of ice growth inside channels of aqueous solution flows is important in numerous fields, including (a) cold-energy transportation plants and (b) the preservation of supercooled human organs for transplantation. A promising method for this control is to add a substance that influences ice growth in the flows. However, limited results have been reported on the effects of such additives. Using a microscope, we measured the growth of ice from one sidewall toward the opposite sidewall of a mini-channel, where aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and antifreeze protein flowed. Our aim was to considerably suppress ice growth by mixing the two solutes. Inclined interfaces, the overlapping of serrated interfaces, and interfaces with sharp and flat tips were observed in the cases of the protein-solution, salt-solution, and mixed-solution flows, respectively. In addition, it was found that the average interface velocity in the case of the mixed-solution flow was the lowest and decreased by 64% compared with that of pure water. This significant suppression of the ice-layer growth can be attributed to the synergistic effects of the ions and antifreeze protein on the diffusion of protein.

Inhibition of Blockage by Ice Crystal in Water in a Micro-Channel by Using Antifreeze Protein

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara ◽  
Yosuke Ohnishi ◽  
Daichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Temperature Changes

Experiments have been conducted into the freezing of water flow and the aqueous solution flow of winter flounder antifreeze protein in a micro-channel of 0.15mm in height, 1.2mm in width and 21mm in length. The local temperature is measured with a sheathed thermocouple of 0.1mm in diameter. Nearly flat interfaces, parallel to the cooling sidewall of the channel, are observed in the case of pure water regardless of flow rate. On the other hand, serrated interfaces are observed in the case of protein solution flow regardless of flow rate. The decreasing rate of the temperature changes when the interface reaches the thermocouple. Around this instant, a slight increase in the temperature is observed due to supercooling release. In the case of local cooling, the interface becomes more serrated as the flow rate increases. This is because the interaction between the interface and the protein continuously approaching the interface due to the flow occurs more frequently with an increase in the flow rate.

Local Temperature and Heat Flux in the Aqueous Solution of Antifreeze Protein Near Ice Surfaces in a Narrow Space

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimichi Hagiwara ◽  
Daichi Yamamoto ◽  
Yosuke Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Interface Velocity ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Heat Of Fusion ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
The Difference

Experiments have been conducted into the unidirectional freezing of an aqueous solution of winter flounder antifreeze protein 0.02mm thick. It is confirmed that the instantaneous temperature field can be measured with a near-infrared camera. It is found that the difference between the conduction heat flux of pure water near the interface and that of ice is approximately equal to the heat flux for solidification, which is the product of ice density, interface velocity and the latent heat of fusion. The sum of the conduction heat flux of protein solution near the front edge of the serrated interface and the heat flux for solidification is approximately equal to the conduction heat flux of ice. On the other hand, the sum of the conduction heat flux of protein solution near the bottom edge of the serrated interface and the heat flux for solidification is much higher than the conduction heat flux of ice.

scholarly journals Mixed-Matrix Membranes Comprising of Polysulfone and Porous UiO-66, Zeolite 4A, and Their Combination: Preparation, Removal of Humic Acid, and Antifouling Properties

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Tanzila Anjum ◽  
Rahma Tamime ◽  
Asim Laeeq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Zeolite 4A ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Matrix Membranes

High-performance Mixed-Matrix Membranes (MMMs) comprising of two kinds of porous fillers UiO-66 and Zeolite 4Aand their combination were fabricated with polysulfone (PSf) polymer matrix. For the very first time, UiO-66 and Zeolite 4A were jointly used as nanofillers in MMMs with the objective of complimenting synergistic effects. The individual and complimentary effects of nanofillers were investigated on membrane morphology and performance, pure water flux, humic acid rejection, static humic acid adsorption, and antifouling properties of membranes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of membranes confirmed that all MMMs possessed wider macrovoids with higher nanofiller loadings than neat PSf membranes and the MMMs (PSf/UiO-66 and PSf/Zeolite 4A-UiO-66) showed tendency of agglomeration with high nanofiller loadings (1 wt% and 2 wt%). All MMMs exhibited better hydrophilicity and lower static humic acid adsorption than neat PSf membranes. Pure water flux of MMMs was higher than neat PSf membranes but the tradeoff between permeability and selectivity was witnessed in the MMMs with single nanofiller. However, MMMs with combined nanofillers (PSf/Zeolite 4A-UiO-66) showed no such tradeoff, and an increase in both permeability and selectivity was achieved. All MMMs with lower nanofiller loadings (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) showed improved flux recovery. PSf/Zeolite 4A-UiO-66 (0.5 wt%) membranes showed the superior antifouling properties without sacrificing permeability and selectivity.

9. Cooperative ice growth inhibition of the isoforms of type III antifreeze protein

Cryobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Manabu Takamichi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Nishimiya ◽  
Ai Miura ◽  
Sakae Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antifreeze Protein ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Ice Growth

Role of anodic oxide films in the corrosion of aluminum and its alloys

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Takahashi ◽  
Makoto Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Anodic Oxide Films ◽  
Pore Sealing ◽  
Barrier Type

AbstractAnodic oxide films on aluminum are classified into two groups: porous-type anodic oxide films (PAOF) and barrier-type anodic oxide films (BAOF). The present paper is a review of the corrosion of pure aluminum (Al) and Al alloys covered with PAOF and BAOF, focusing on the role of anodic oxide films in the process of corrosion. Several topics are discussed in detail, including (a) changes in the dissolution mode of PAOF in acidic media by pore sealing, (b) hydration and dissolution of BAOF in pure water and neutral solutions containing organic and inorganic electrolytes, (c) pitting corrosion during the cathodic polarization of Al covered with PAOF and BAOF, (d) corrosion of PAOF-covered Al/Bi/Sn alloys in alcohols at 142°C, and (e) synergistic effects of Cl− and Cu2+ ions in the corrosion of PAOF-covered Al alloys in aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Regeneration Performance of a New Mixed Liquid Desiccant Solution in Falling Film Regenerator

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (22) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Tao Wen ◽  
Dan Zhong ◽  
Yuanhao Wang ◽  
Yimo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Solution Flow Rate ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Falling Film ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Selection Of

The present study firstly developed a new kind of mixed liquid desiccant for the purpose of causticity reduction on metal based regenerator. The formula of the mixed liquid desiccant is 25% LiCl + 39% hydroxyethyl urea + 36% water. Experimental results show that the causticity of the mixed solution is much less severe than that of conventional LiCl solution. The regeneration rate increases with the increase of air flow rate and solution temperature and decreases with the increase of air inlet humidity. The air temperature and solution flow rate has negligible influence on the regeneration performance. The present study provides a practical alternative for the selection of liquid desiccant and also give useful guidance for the design of regenerator.

scholarly journals Human sweat monitoring using polymer-based fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taekyung Lim ◽  
Youngseok Kim ◽  
Sang-Mi Jeong ◽  
Chi-Hyeong Kim ◽  
Seong-Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Simple Geometry

AbstractLightweight nano/microscale wearable devices that are directly attached to or worn on the human body require enhanced flexibility so that they can facilitate body movement and overall improved wearability. In the present study, a flexible poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) fiber-based sensor is proposed, which can accurately measure the amount of salt (i.e., sodium chloride) ions in sweat released from the human body or in specific solutions. This can be performed using one single strand of hair-like conducting polymer fiber. The fabrication process involves the introduction of an aqueous PEDOT:PSS solution into a sulfuric acid coagulation bath. This is a repeatable and inexpensive process for producing monolithic fibers, with a simple geometry and tunable electrical characteristics, easily woven into clothing fabrics or wristbands. The conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS fiber increases in pure water, whereas it decreases in sweat. In particular, the conductivity of a PEDOT:PSS fiber changes linearly according to the concentration of sodium chloride in liquid. The results of our study suggest the possibility of PEDOT:PSS fiber-based wearable sensors serving as the foundation of future research and development in skin-attachable next-generation healthcare devices, which can reproducibly determine the physiological condition of a human subject by measuring the sodium chloride concentration in sweat.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Sodium Chloride, Glucose, and Temperature on Biofilm Formation by Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 1/2a and 4b Strains

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1433-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youwen Pan ◽  
Frederick Breidt ◽  
Lisa Gorski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Serotype 4B

ABSTRACT Biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes is generally associated with its persistence in the food-processing environment. Serotype 1/2a strains make up more than 50% of the total isolates recovered from food and the environment, while serotype 4b strains are most often associated with major outbreaks of human listeriosis. Using a microplate assay with crystal violet staining, we examined biofilm formation by 18 strains of each serotype in tryptic soy broth with varying concentrations of glucose (from 0.25% to 10.0%, wt/vol), sodium chloride (from 0.5% to 7.0%, wt/vol) and ethanol (from 1% to 5.0%, vol/vol), and at different temperatures (22.5�C, 30�C, and 37�C). A synergistic effect on biofilm formation was observed for glucose, sodium chloride, and temperature. The serotype 1/2a strains generally formed higher-density biofilms than the 4b strains under most conditions tested. Interestingly, most serotype 4b strains had a higher growth rate than the 1/2a strains, suggesting that the growth rate may not be directly related to the capacity for biofilm formation. Crystal violet was found to stain both bacterial cells and biofilm matrix material. The enhancement in biofilm formation by environmental factors was apparently due to the production of extracellular polymeric substances instead of the accumulation of viable biofilm cells.

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