THE BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ALTERATIONS IN THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MICROBIAL MEMBRANE LIPIDS IN RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE

AbstractChanges in adult weight, lipid and fatty acid composition per lipid class were studied over a complete seasonal cycle in Drepanopus pectinatus Brady. This copepod displayed a strong seasonality in adult individual weight and total lipid content. Stages C3 to adult from a summer cohort were compared in terms of lipid and fatty acid structure. Changes in lipid content were related to wax esters and polar lipids (PL) while triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesterol remained minor constituents except at the end of winter. Changes in fatty acid composition of different lipid classes showed that food limitation in winter was high enough to affect 22:6n-3 (DHA) content in PL, and provoke accumulation of maximal percentages of bacterial marker as branched acids. Composition of TAG followed closely the changes in trophic interactions as diatom and flagellate markers dominated in spring and summer while bacterial and detritus particle markers dominated in late winter. The composition of wax esters followed the same seasonal succession but with a lower level of turn over time and shifted characteristics (bacterial markers) from winter to spring individuals when compared to TAG. Ontogenetic changes showed high triacylglycerols content in younger C3 stages and increasing wax esters with increasing developmental stages. Fatty acid composition of PL showed low percentages of EPA and DHA in stage C3, and recovery of high levels of DHA for stage C4 or 20:5n-3 (EPA) at stage C5. The same trend was observed for 18:4n-3. The reverse pattern was noted for the n-6 polyunsaturated acids (PUFA) suggesting a greater requirement in younger stages. Fatty acid partitioning between neutral and PL suggested essential fatty acids selective incorporation from neutral classes into membrane lipids.

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Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane lipids in healthy subjects from birth to young adulthood

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-008-0719-9 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 168 (2) ◽

pp. 141-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Viktória Jakobik ◽

István Burus ◽

Tamás Decsi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Membrane Lipids

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Tiie effect of linoleic acid and/or vitamin e supplementation of calves on plasma vitamin status, erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition and oxidation of membrane lipids

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600021073 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1991 ◽

pp. 157-157

Author(s):

F A C Paton ◽

J R Scaife ◽

T Acamovic ◽

D C Macdonald ◽

A M Mackenzie

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Erythrocyte Membrane ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Membrane Lipids ◽

Sudden Change ◽

Plasma Vitamin ◽

Pufa Content ◽

Neonatal Calf

The vitamin E (Vit E) requirement of the neonatal calf is largely dependent upon its dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) The PUFA content of neonatal calf plasma is low, the plasma triene:tetraene ratio of approximately 0.96 suggests a possible essential fatty acid deficiency, however within 3-4 days postpartum the ratio is markedly reduced to approximately 0.12 (Noble 1984). In spring-calving cows turned out to grass just prior to calving the sudden change to a diet rich in PUFA has a significant influence on the PUFA content of colostrum and milk and thus the Vit E requirement of the newborn calf. A study was conducted to examine the effects of different dietary ratios of Vit E to C18:2 on the growth performance; immunoglobulin status; fatty acid and retinol, Vit E and β-carotene profiles of blood plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipids (EML), and lipid oxidation of erythrocyte membranes. The effect of turn-out to grass on cow plasma fatty acid composition was also studied. The preliminary results of this study are presented below.

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Nutritional ecology of essential fatty acids: an evolutionary perspective

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo11064 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 369 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

A. J. Hulbert ◽

Sarah K. Abbott

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Membrane Lipids ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fatty Acid ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dietary Fatty Acid Composition

There are four types of fatty acids but only two types are essential nutritional requirements for many animals. These are the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and because they cannot be converted to one another they are separate essential dietary requirements. They are only required in small amounts in the diet and their biological importance stems largely from their role as constituents of membrane lipids. They are synthesised by plants and, as a generalisation, green leaves are the source of n-3 PUFA while seeds are the source of n-6 PUFA in the food chain. While the fatty acid composition of storage fats (triglycerides) is strongly influenced by dietary fatty acid composition, this is not the case for membrane fats. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids is relatively unresponsive to dietary fatty acid composition, although n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA can substitute for each in membrane lipids to some extent. Membrane fatty acid composition appears to be regulated and specific for different species. The role of essential fats in the diet of animals on (1) basal metabolic rate, (2) thermoregulation, (3) maximum longevity, and (4) exercise performance is discussed.

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Mycoplasma Membrane Lipids: Variations in Fatty Acid Composition

Science ◽

10.1126/science.164.3878.433 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 164 (3878) ◽

pp. 433-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

R. N. McElhaney ◽

M. E. Tourtellotte

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Membrane Lipids

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Fatty Acid Composition and Thermotropic Behavior of Glycolipids and Other Membrane Lipids of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) Inhabiting Different Climatic Zones

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md16120494 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 494 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eduard Kostetsky ◽

Natalia Chopenko ◽

Maria Barkina ◽

Peter Velansky ◽

Nina Sanina

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Adriatic Sea ◽

Membrane Lipids ◽

Ulva Lactuca ◽

The Sea Of Japan ◽

Climatic Zones ◽

Green Macroalgae

Increasing global temperatures are expected to increase the risk of extinction of various species due to acceleration in the pace of shifting climate zones. Nevertheless, there is no information on the physicochemical properties of membrane lipids that enable the adaptation of the algae to different climatic zones. The present work aimed to compare fatty acid composition and thermal transitions of membrane lipids from green macroalgae Ulva lactuca harvested in the Sea of Japan and the Adriatic Sea in summer. U. lactuca inhabiting the Adriatic Sea had bleached parts of thalli which were completely devoid of chloroplast glycolipids. The adaptation to a warmer climatic zone was also accompanied by a significant decrease in the ratio between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) of membrane lipids, especially in bleached thalli. Hence, bleaching of algae is probably associated with the significant decrease of the UFA/SFA ratio in glycolipids. The decreasing ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) was observed in extra-plastidial lipids and only in the major glycolipid, non-lamellar monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The opposite thermotropic behavior of non-lamellar and lamellar glycolipids can contribute to maintenance of the highly dynamic structure of thylakoid membranes of algae in response to the increasing temperatures of climatic zones.

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