ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES, HEART RATE, AND GAS EXCHANGE DURING REST AND EXERCISE IN MEN SATURATED AT A SIMULATED SEAWATER DEPTH OF 1000 FEET

1971 ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
J. Salzano ◽  
E.M. Overfield ◽  
D.C. Rausch ◽  
H.A. Saltzman ◽  
J.A. Kylstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Simulated Seawater ◽  
Rest And Exercise

Validation of measurements of ventilation-to-perfusion ratio inequality in the lung from expired gas

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1186-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kim Prisk ◽  
Harold J. B. Guy ◽  
John B. West ◽  
James W. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Expired Gas ◽  
The Relationship

The analysis of the gas in a single expirate has long been used to estimate the degree of ventilation-perfusion (V˙a/Q˙) inequality in the lung. To further validate this estimate, we examined three measures ofV˙a/Q˙ inhomogeneity calculated from a single full exhalation in nine anesthetized mongrel dogs under control conditions and after exposure to aerosolized methacholine. These measurements were then compared with arterial blood gases and with measurements of V˙a/Q˙ inhomogeneity obtained using the multiple inert gas elimination technique. The slope of the instantaneous respiratory exchange ratio (R slope) vs. expired volume was poorly correlated with independent measures, probably because of the curvilinear nature of the relationship due to continuing gas exchange. When R was converted to the intrabreathV˙a/Q˙ (iV˙/Q˙), the best index was the slope of iV˙/Q˙ vs. volume over phase III (iV˙/Q˙slope). This was strongly correlated with independent measures, especially those relating to inhomogeneity of perfusion. The correlations for iV˙/Q˙ slope and R slope considerably improved when only the first half of phase III was considered. We conclude that a useful noninvasive measurement ofV˙a/Q˙ inhomogeneity can be derived from the intrabreath respiratory exchange ratio.

Arterial Blood Gases, Acid-Base Balance, and Lactate and Gas Exchange Variables During Hypoxic Exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshida ◽  
M. Udo ◽  
M. Chida ◽  
K. Makiguchi ◽  
M. Ichioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Hypoxic Exercise

scholarly journals Tidal Volume, Lung Hyperinflation and Arterial Oxygenation during General Anaesthesia

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Tweed ◽  
W. T. Phua ◽  
K. Y. Chong ◽  
E. Lim ◽  
T. L. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Oxygenation ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Impaired pulmonary oxygen (O2) exchange is common during general anaesthesia but there is no clinical unanimity as to methods of prevention or treatment. We studied 14 patients at risk for pulmonary dysfunction because of increased age, obesity, cigarette smoking, or chronic lung disease. Pulmonary O2 exchange was measured during four conditions of ventilation: awake spontaneous, conventional tidal volume (CVT, 7 ml.kg-1) or high tidal volume (HVT, 12 ml.kg-1) controlled ventilation, and five min after manual hyperinflation (H1) of the lungs. The F1O2 was controlled at 0.5, and FETCO2 was kept constant by adding dead space during HVT. Eight patients were ventilated with N2O/O2 and six with air/O2. Arterial blood gases were used to calculate the (A-a)DO2. In seven patients (A-a)DO2 worsened after induction of anaesthesia, while in seven there was no change or an improvement. Manual HI significantly reduced (A-a)DO2, but changing tidal volume (VT) had no effect. Using a multivariate model to predict O2 exchange, obesity and type of surgery were significantly associated with worsening, while level of VT and inspiratory gas (N2O or N2) were not significant predictors. Thus patient and surgical factors were more important determinants of pulmonary gas exchange during anaesthesia than were tidal volume or inspiratory gas. Manual HI is a simple and effective manoeuvre to improve gas exchange.

scholarly journals Do We Need Exercise Tests to Detect Gas Exchange Impairment in Fibrotic Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Wallaert ◽  
Lidwine Wemeau-Stervinou ◽  
Julia Salleron ◽  
Isabelle Tillie-Leblond ◽  
Thierry Perez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Oxygen Desaturation ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood

In patients with fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (f-IIP), the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) has been used to predict abnormal gas exchange in the lung. However, abnormal values for arterial blood gases during exercise are likely to be the most sensitive manifestations of lung disease. The aim of this study was to compare DLCO, resting PaO2, P(A-a)O2at cardiopulmonary exercise testing peak, and oxygen desaturation during a 6-min walk test (6MWT). Results were obtained in 121 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF,n=88) and fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonias (NSIP,n=33). All but 3 patients (97.5%) had low DLCO values (<LLN) whereas only 66.6% had low KCO; 42 patients (65%) exhibited resting hypoxemia (<75 mmHg); 112 patients (92.5%) exhibited a high P[(A-a)O2], peak (>35 mmHg) and 100 (83%) demonstrated significant oxygen desaturation during 6MWT (>4%). Interestingly 27 patients had low DLCO and normal P(A-a)O2, peak and/or no desaturation during the 6MWT. The 3 patients with normal DLCO also had normal PaO2, normal P(A-a)O2, peak, and normal oxygen saturation during 6MWT. Our results demonstrate that in fibrotic IIP, DLCO better defines impairment of pulmonary gas exchange than resting PaO2, exercise P(A-a)O2, peak, or 6MWT SpO2.

EFFECT OF THE PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS ON THE PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW, BLOOD VOLUME, HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES AND pH

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-572
Author(s):  
DONALD E. CASSELS ◽  
MINERVA MORSE ◽  
W. E. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Patent Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Blood Flow ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Patent Ductus

The effect of the patent ductus arteriosus on the circulation and on the arterial blood gases and pHs has been studied. The pulmonary blood flow diminished 19.6 to 61.8% following ligation in 12 cases examined. The blood volume diminished following closure of the ductus in most cases. Likewise, the heart rate lessened and the pulse pressure was lower after surgery. Arterial oxygen saturation was low preoperatively in some cases and in most instances postoperatively, and this low value sometimes persisted. Some aspects of the data presented have been discussed in detail.

scholarly journals High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula vs. Non-Invasive Ventilation in Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5994
Author(s):  
Yiannis Papachatzakis ◽  
Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis ◽  
Sofoklis Kontogiannis ◽  
Georgia Trakada
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
High Flow Oxygen

High-flow oxygen through nasal cannula (HFNC) provides adequate oxygenation and can be an alternative to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of HFNC versus NIV in hypercapnic respiratory failure. Patients (n = 40) who were admitted to the Emergency Department of Alexandra Hospital due to hypercapnic respiratory failure (PaCO2 ≥ 45 mmHg) were randomized assigned into two groups, i.e., an intervention group (use of HFNC, n = 20) and a control group (use of NIV, n = 20). During their hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit, vital signs (respiratory and heart rate, arterial blood pressure) and arterial blood gases (ABG) were closely monitored on admission, after 24 h and at discharge. No difference between the two groups regarding the duration of hospitalization and the use of HFNC or NIV was observed (p > 0.05). On admission, the two groups did not differ in terms of gender, age, body mass index, APACHE score, predicted death rate, heart rate, arterial blood pressure and arterial blood gases (p > 0.05). Respiratory rate in the HFNC group was lower than in the NIV group (p = 0.023). At discharge, partial carbon dioxide arterial pressure (PaCO2) in the HFNC group was lower than in the NIV group (50.8 ± 9.4 mmHg versus 59.6 ± 13.9 mmHg, p = 0.024). The lowerPaCO2 in the HFNC group than in the NIV group indicated that HFNC was superior to NIV in the management of hypercapnic respiratory failure.

The effect of nitrate supplementation on arterial blood gases, haemoglobin fractions and heart rate in Bos indicus cattle after exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Benu ◽  
L. A. Fitzpatrick ◽  
M. J. Callaghan ◽  
N. Tomkins ◽  
A. J. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Exercise Regimen

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrate treatment on the arterial blood gas and haemoglobin fractions from Bos indicus steers after exercise. Bos indicus steers (n = 12; mean bodyweight ± s.e.m., 397 kg ± 10.84 kg) were used in this experiment to investigate the effects of three dose rates of nitrate salts (0, 30 or 50 g of nitrate/day) on arterial blood gases, methaemoglobin concentration, carboxyhaemoglobin concentration, oxyhaemoglobin concentration, total haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, heart rate, and respiratory rate after exercise. Increasing the dose rate of nitrate resulted in a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen (P = 0.004) in blood. Steers treated with 50 g nitrate/day had a decrease in oxyhaemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001) and a concomitant increase in methaemoglobin (P = 0.001) and carboxyhaemoglobin (P = 0.001) compared with steers treated with 0 or 30 g nitrate/day. Steers dosed with 50 g of nitrate had greater heart rates immediately after the exercise regimen compared with the steers dosed with 30 g of nitrate (P = 0.043) or no nitrate (P = 0.018). There was no difference between treatments for respiratory rate (P = 0.673) or rectal temperature (P = 0.207) after the exercise regimen. Feeding nitrate to Bos indicus cattle results in a decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood. It is likely that doses of nitrate greater than 50 g per day for this class of animal could induce hypoxaemic trauma if cattle have exercise imposed after consuming a nitrate supplement.

The effect on arterial blood gases and heart rate of bilateral nasal packing

2002 ◽  
Vol 259 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguz Ögretmenoglu ◽  
T. Yılmaz ◽  
Keikavos Rahimi ◽  
Serdar Aksöyek
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood
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