L-DOPA and the Brain Pattern of Dopamine Extracellular Levels

2014 ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Philippe De Deurwaerdère ◽  
Sylvia Navailles ◽  
Léa Milan
Keyword(s):  
Brain Pattern ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Meta Cognition Thinking and Its Relationship to Patterns of Brain Dominance among Jordanian University Students According to Gender and Specialization Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Hussain Aburayash
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Brain Dominance ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Control Pattern ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dominance Pattern ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
The Brain

The study aimed to identify the level of Meta Cognition thinking and its relationship to dominant patterns of brain dominance among Jordanian university students, and to identify if there were differences in the level of Meta Cognition thinking and brain dominance patterns attributed to variables of gender and college. The study sample consisted male and female students at the academic year 2020/2021, and this sample was taken in a simple random way. Two measures were applied: Meta Cognition thinking, and brain dominance patterns, after confirming their psychometric properties. The results showed that the level of Meta Cognition thinking among Jordanian university students is (high), and that the dominant brain pattern among the study sample is the right pattern, followed by the left and then the integrated, and also there is no statistically significant relationship between the brain dominance patterns and the variables of gender and college, and there is statistically significant differences in Meta Cognition thinking among students with the (left) brain dominance pattern compared to those with the (integrated) brain control pattern and in favor of those with the left brain dominance type.

Dynamics of the control of body pattern in the development of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Early Failure ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Position Value ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
Xenopus Egg ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Body Pattern

A series of Xenopus egg batches has been exposed to doses of u.v. (2537A) light on the vegetal hemisphere at precleavage stages, calculated to result in a range of minimal axial deficiency syndromes in the developing larvae. At the time of onset of gastrulation in synchronously fertilized but non-irradiated batch members, each experimental group was regularly scanned so that small subsamples of embryos could be set aside as showing particular, progressive degrees of delay in onset of the visible gastrulation movements. Such sampling was found to have preselected embryos showing generally progressive degrees of pattern impairment at larval stages, and this observation was extended by histological examination of the anterior axial anatomy. Such examination was also made of the least abnormal-looking members of a series of larvae resulting from excision of the presumptive head endo—mesoderm, traditionally called ‘the organizer’, from stage-10 gastrulae (Cooke, 1975). The results support the notion that production of the most anterior endo—mesodermal pattern parts (and of their inductive capacities in giving rise to the brain pattern) occurs only in material whose timing, in the onset of gastrulation activity, is close to the normal onset time after fertilization. Either an early failure of the egg to generate a location with the ‘position value’ corresponding with this extreme of the pattern, or the much later excision of the region from a physiologically normal gastrula, results in a system of pattern formation permanently truncated at its apical (head and dorsal) end. There is no evidence for any dynamic, in the system ascribing position value, that will cause regulative restoration of this cellular state (the most extreme ‘activation’ for development) in response to its absence after precleavage stages. An earlier statement (Cooke, 1975) that this could occur was based upon inadequate analysis of larvae with an often misleading external anatomy. The present results are discussed as supporting the overall view of the early Xenopus patterning system that has been developed in the previous two papers of the series.

scholarly journals L-DOPA in Parkinson’s Disease: Looking at the “False” Neurotransmitters and Their Meaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chagraoui ◽  
Boulain ◽  
Juvin ◽  
Anouar ◽  
Barrière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Serotonergic Neurons ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
Monoaminergic Neurons ◽  
The Brain

L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) has been successfully used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) for more than 50 years. It fulfilled the criteria to cross the blood–brain barrier and counteract the biochemical defect of dopamine (DA). It remarkably worked after some adjustments in line with the initial hypothesis, leaving a poor place to the plethora of mechanisms involving other neurotransmitters or mechanisms of action beyond newly synthesized DA itself. Yet, its mechanism of action is far from clear. It involves numerous distinct cell populations and does not mimic the mechanism of action of dopaminergic agonists. L-DOPA-derived DA is mainly released by serotonergic neurons as a false neurotransmitter, and serotonergic neurons are involved in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. The brain pattern and magnitude of DA extracellular levels together with this status of false neurotransmitters suggest that the striatal effects of DA via this mechanism would be minimal. Other metabolic products coming from newly formed DA or through the metabolism of L-DOPA itself could be involved. These compounds can be trace amines and derivatives. They could accumulate within the terminals of the remaining monoaminergic neurons. These “false neurotransmitters,” also known for some of them as inducing an “amphetamine-like” mechanism, could reduce the content of biogenic amines in terminals of monoaminergic neurons, thereby impairing the exocytotic process of monoamines including L-DOPA-induced DA extracellular outflow. The aim of this review is to present the mechanism of action of L-DOPA with a specific attention to “false neurotransmission.”

scholarly journals The Effects of Audiovisual Inputs on Solving the Cocktail Party Problem in the Human Brain: An fMRI Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 3623-3637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqing Li ◽  
Fangyi Wang ◽  
Yongbin Chen ◽  
Andrzej Cichocki ◽  
Terrence Sejnowski
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Information ◽  
Cocktail Party ◽  
Cocktail Party Problem ◽  
Audiovisual Stimulus ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
Audiovisual Stimuli ◽  
Decoding Accuracy ◽  
The Brain

Abstract At cocktail parties, our brains often simultaneously receive visual and auditory information. Although the cocktail party problem has been widely investigated under auditory-only settings, the effects of audiovisual inputs have not. This study explored the effects of audiovisual inputs in a simulated cocktail party. In our fMRI experiment, each congruent audiovisual stimulus was a synthesis of 2 facial movie clips, each of which could be classified into 1 of 2 emotion categories (crying and laughing). Visual-only (faces) and auditory-only stimuli (voices) were created by extracting the visual and auditory contents from the synthesized audiovisual stimuli. Subjects were instructed to selectively attend to 1 of the 2 objects contained in each stimulus and to judge its emotion category in the visual-only, auditory-only, and audiovisual conditions. The neural representations of the emotion features were assessed by calculating decoding accuracy and brain pattern-related reproducibility index based on the fMRI data. We compared the audiovisual condition with the visual-only and auditory-only conditions and found that audiovisual inputs enhanced the neural representations of emotion features of the attended objects instead of the unattended objects. This enhancement might partially explain the benefits of audiovisual inputs for the brain to solve the cocktail party problem.

CYBERNETIC APPROACH IN IDENTIFICATION OF BRAIN PATTERN VARIATIONS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Sadeghi Bajestani ◽  
Ali Sheikhani ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hashemi Golpayegani ◽  
Farah Ashrafzadehi ◽  
Paria Hebrani
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Signal Phase ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Autism Disorder

Poincar section is a tool used in analysis and even control of non-linear systems like chaotic and uncertain systems. Although it has been presented long ago, yet this approach is artistic and heuristic. Poincar Section is destitute of any definite methodologies and problems including indefinite structure and model parameters that can be generally attributed to this approach; machine learning based on Poincar section is impossible. In this article, first of all, signal modeling steps using Poincar is explained, then considering the occurred events, the concept of information and relativism applying Poincar section and information approach, we will diagnose the brain pattern variations in Autistic cases. The reason we have taken Autism into consideration is because we believe its origin is information, in other words the big problem in Autism disorder is software kind, which can lead to hardware kind over time. In this research a new kind of representation, namely Extended Complementary Plot, in which the main characteristic is special attention to signal phase as embedded information in the signal and ineffectiveness of energy, is introduced. All the introduced state-of-art concepts on Electroencephalography are implemented on Autistic children. Recording the EEG signal in Autistic children has always been a challenge for the specialists. Implementations of the article have been carried out on over 120 cases including 60 Autistic children and 60 normal ones ranging from 3 to 10 years old, in three different states; asleep, open eyes and a new record based on brain dynamics which has been suggested from the authors and does not have the other records problems for Autistic kids. Prodigious results accomplished, suggests the common dynamic presence in Autism disorder which is entirely different from normal dynamics, and this is only due to the potency of the applied information tool; Poincar section, and cybernetic modeling in this research. We hope that the empirical results of this research to be a strong and effective step towards quantification of Autism disorder and conversion of diagnosis process from Clinical to Para clinical, and even early Autism diagnosis.

Heresenes's Short Life under a "Starry Night"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Prates ◽  
Sandra Sousa ◽  
Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Cynthia Sheikholeslami ◽  
Salima Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Speckled Pattern ◽  
Egyptian Woman ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
The Brain

Heresenes is a mummified 25th Dynasty (ca. 746–653 B.C.) Egyptian woman from Luxor, Egypt. Nondestructive evaluation through computerized tomography (CT) showed a failed attempt at excerebration, leaving Heresenes’s meninges and brain in situ. The brain structure shows numerous millimetric dense calcific nodules, a CT brain pattern dubbed “starry night,” which is consistent with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in a nodular calcified stage. A similar speckled pattern in the upper spinal cord and in the heart supports the identification of a disseminated stage of this parasitic disease. If this were the case, then this would be the oldest documented case of this disease known in ancient Egypt, and the first nondestructive radiological diagnosis of it in a completely wrapped Egyptian mummy.Heresenes est une femme Égyptienne momifiée de la 25e dynastie (c. 746 aC–653 aC). L'évaluation non destructive par tomodensitométrie (TDM) a montré l'échec de la tentative d'excérébration, laissant les méninges et le cerveau d'Heresenes in situ. La structure cérébrale présente de nombreux nodules calciques denses millimétriques, une apparence en TDM surnommé «nuit étoilée», ce qui est cohérent avec un diagnostic de neurocysticercose dans un stade nodulaire calcifié. Un motif similaire dans la moelle épinière supérieure et dans le coeur soutien l´identification dun processus disséminé de cette maladie parasitaire. Si tel était le cas, ce serait le plus ancien cas documenté de cette maladie connue dans l'Égypte ancienne, et le premier diagnostic radiologique non destructif dans une momie égyptienne complètement enveloppée. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document