early failure
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Dao

Abstract. The cointegration method has recently attracted a growing interest from scientists and engineers as a promising tool for the development of wind turbine condition monitoring systems. This paper presents a short review of cointegration-based techniques developed for condition monitoring and fault detection of wind turbines. In all reported applications, cointegration residuals are used in control charts for condition monitoring and early failure detection. This is known as the residual-based control chart approach. Vibration signals and SCADA data are typically used with cointegration in these applications. This is due to the fact that vibration-based condition monitoring is one of the most common and effective techniques (used for wind turbines); and the use of SCADA data for condition monitoring and fault detection of wind turbines has become more and more popular in recent years.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Angel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo ◽  
Juan-Francisco Peña-Cardelles ◽  
Naresh Kewalramani ◽  
María-Victoria Mateos-Moreno ◽  
Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra ◽  
...  

Immediate implants present a high risk of early failure. To avoid this, preventive antibiotics (PAs) are prescribed; however, their inappropriate administration leads to antimicrobial resistance. The present study aims to clarify whether the prescription of PAs reduces the rate of early failure of immediate implants and to establish guidelines to avoid the overprescription of these drugs. An electronic search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS and OpenGrey was carried out. The criteria described in the PRISMA® statement were used. The search was temporarily restricted from 2010 to 2021. The risk of bias was analysed using the SIGN Methodological Assessment Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the JBI Prevalence Critical Appraisal Tool. After searching, eight studies were included that met the established criteria. With the limitations of this study, it can be stated that antibiotic prescription in immediate implants reduces the early failure rate. Preoperative administration of 2–3 g amoxicillin one hour before surgery followed by 500 mg/8 h for five to seven days is recommended. It is considered prudent to avoid the use of clindamycin in favour of azithromycin, clarithromycin or metronidazole in penicillin allergy patients until further studies are conducted.


Author(s):  
Grace Mueller ◽  
Paul F. Diehl ◽  
Daniel Druckman

Abstract Peacekeeping during the Cold War was primarily, and in some cases exclusively, charged with monitoring cease-fires. This changed significantly, as peace operations evolved to include other missions (e.g., rule of law, election supervision), many under the rubric of peacebuilding. What is lacking is consideration of how the different missions affect one another, simultaneously and in sequences. This study addresses that gap by looking at the interconnectedness of missions and their success in the UN Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC), which was mandated to perform eight different missions over a decade. The article examines success or failure in each of those missions and how they relate to one another guided by theoretical logics based on the “security first” hypothesis and mission compatibility expectations. Early failure to stem the violence had negative downstream consequences for later peacebuilding missions. Nevertheless, MONUC’s election supervision mission was successful.


Author(s):  
Arup Kumar Halder ◽  
Manindra Manna ◽  
Anindita Chakraborty ◽  
Amar Nath Bhagat
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Sahil N Damor ◽  
Shreyas Gandhi

Trochanteric hip fractures in elderly patients have beneted from advances in internal xation. Early failure of internal xation occurs however in a number of cases. The failure after internal xation had been due to initial fracture pattern, communication, sub-optimal fracture xation and poor bone quality. The aim of this prospective comparative study is to analyze the short term follow up results of unstable Intertrochanteric fractures in elderly treated with bipolar hemiarthroplasty and dynamic hip screw (DHS) xation.


Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3140
Author(s):  
Maria A. Rodriguez-Soto ◽  
Natalia Suarez Vargas ◽  
Alejandra Riveros ◽  
Carolina Muñoz Camargo ◽  
Juan C. Cruz ◽  
...  

Vascular grafts (VG) are medical devices intended to replace the function of a diseased vessel. Current approaches use non-biodegradable materials that struggle to maintain patency under complex hemodynamic conditions. Even with the current advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine with the tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), the cellular response is not yet close to mimicking the biological function of native vessels, and the understanding of the interactions between cells from the blood and the vascular wall with the material in operative conditions is much needed. These interactions change over time after the implantation of the graft. Here we aim to analyze the current knowledge in bio-molecular interactions between blood components, cells and materials that lead either to an early failure or to the stabilization of the vascular graft before the wall regeneration begins.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialei Chen ◽  
Jiabao Jiang ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xi Yu

Abstract BackgroundThe femoral neck system (FNS) is a novel internal fixation system for the treatment of femoral neck fractures (FNFs). However, there is a paucity of literature looking at the factors associated with early failure of the FNS (EFFNS) in patients with FNFs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of EFFNS and identify risk factors for EFFNS in patients with FNFs.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 62 patients who presented with intracapsular neck femur fractures and underwent FNS fixation between 2019 and 2021. Demographic, clinical characteristics and radiographic features are described. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the different influencing factors.ResultsOf the 62 FNFs, 10 patients (16.1%) developed early failures after FNS fixation, including 6 cases of severe femoral neck shortening, 1 case of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, 1 case of nonunion, and 2 cases of screw-out. In the failure group, all patients were younger than 65 years old. The proportion was significantly higher than the 59.6% in the healing group (P = 0.012). However, we found that Garden classification (P = 0.464) and age (P = 0.128) were not statistically significant risk factors for EFFNS. ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that age was an important factor influencing EFFNS. However, we cannot determine whether age and Garden classification are independent risk factors for EFFNS in the treatment of FNFs.Trial registration: ChiCTR2100051360. Registered on 21 September, 2021. https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6394
Author(s):  
Kai-Cheng Shie ◽  
Po-Ning Hsu ◽  
Yu-Jin Li ◽  
K. N. Tu ◽  
Chih Chen

In microelectronic packaging technology for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs), Cu-to-Cu direct bonding appears to be the solution to solve the problems of Joule heating and electromigration (EM) in solder microbumps under 10 μm in diameter. However, EM will occur in Cu–Cu bumps when the current density is over 106 A/cm2. The surface, grain boundary, and the interface between the Cu and TiW adhesion layer are the three major diffusion paths in EM tests, and which one may lead to early failure is of interest. This study showed that bonding strength affects the outcome. First, if the bonding strength is not strong enough to sustain the thermal mismatch of materials during EM tests, the bonding interface will fracture and lead to an open circuit of early failure. Second, if the bonding strength can sustain the bonding structure, voids will form at the passivation contact area between the Cu–Cu bump and redistribution layer (RDL) due to current crowding. When the void grows along the passivation interface and separates the Cu–Cu bump and RDL, an open circuit can occur, especially when the current density and temperature are severe. Third, under excellent bonding, when the voids at the contact area between the Cu–Cu bump and RDL do not merge together, the EM lifetime can be more than 5000 h.


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