Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Sensing Applications

Abstract This review (162 references) focuses on two-dimensional carbon materials, which include graphene as well as its allotropes varying in size, number of layers, and defects, for their application in electrochemical sensors. Many preparation methods are known to yield two-dimensional carbon materials which are often simply addressed as graphene, but which show huge variations in their physical and chemical properties and therefore on their sensing performance. The first section briefly reviews the most promising as well as the latest achievements in graphene synthesis based on growth and delamination techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition, liquid phase exfoliation via sonication or mechanical forces, as well as oxidative procedures ranging from chemical to electrochemical exfoliation. Two-dimensional carbon materials are highly attractive to be integrated in a wide field of sensing applications. Here, graphene is examined as recognition layer in electrochemical sensors like field-effect transistors, chemiresistors, impedance-based devices as well as voltammetric and amperometric sensors. The sensor performance is evaluated from the material’s perspective of view and revealed the impact of structure and defects of the 2D carbon materials in different transducing technologies. It is concluded that the performance of 2D carbon-based sensors is strongly related to the preparation method in combination with the electrical transduction technique. Future perspectives address challenges to transfer 2D carbon-based sensors from the lab to the market.

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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Drugs Sensing: A Review

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.807.13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 807 ◽

pp. 13-39

Author(s):

Bavani Kasinathan ◽

Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Carbon Nanofibers ◽

Chemical Vapour Deposition ◽

Vapour Deposition ◽

Chemical Vapour ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Based

Carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and nanodiamonds have been fascinated considerable attention as promising materials for drug sensing. These materials have tremendous amount of attraction due to some extraordinary features such as excellent electrical and thermal conductivities as well as high mechanical strength. Hence, these nanomaterials have been used extensively in sensor technology in order to achieved desired sensitivities. To date, carbon based nanomaterials have been exploit in the development of various drug sensing due to their simple preparation methods, and cost effectiveness. The aim of this review is to focus upon carbon based nanomaterials predominantly on drugs sensing applications. This review has been written in summary form including properties, fabrication method, and analytical performances.Abbreviation:Au, Gold; CNFs, Carbon Nanofibers; CNTs, Carbon Nanotubes; CVD, Chemical Vapour Deposition; D-, Dextrorotatory enantiomer; D, Dimensional; DNase, deoxyribonuclease; ESD, Electrospinning deposition; GCE, Glassy Carbon Electrode; Gr, Graphene; GrO, Graphene Oxide; ILs, ionic liquids; L-, Levorotatory enantiomer; LOD, Limit of Detection; MTase, Methyltransferases; MW, Microwave; MWCNTs, Multi-walled Carbon nanotubes; NDs, Nanodiamonds; NPs, Nanoparticles; PECVD, Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition; RGO, Reduced Graphene Oxide; SPE, Screen-Printed Electrode; SPR, Surface Plasmon resonance; ssDNA, single-stranded DNA; SWCNTs, Single-walled Carbon nanotubes.

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Highly conductive and flexible nano-structured carbon-based polymer nanocomposites with improved electromagnetic-interference-shielding performance

Materials Research Express ◽

10.1088/2053-1591/aa9032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 105039 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Subhadip Mondal ◽

Sabyasachi Ghosh ◽

Sayan Ganguly ◽

Poushali Das ◽

Revathy Ravindren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymer Nanocomposites ◽

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding ◽

Carbon Based

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Indentation Methods for the Characterization of Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites

Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Environmental and Energy Applications ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-813574-7.00004-6 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 79-111

Author(s):

Galina Zamfirova

Keyword(s):

Polymer Nanocomposites ◽

Indentation Methods ◽

Carbon Based

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Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties of Poly(Vinylidenefluoride-Co-Trifluoroethylene)/Carbon-Based Nanomaterial Composite Films for Pressure Sensing Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122999 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2999

Author(s):

Jia-Wun Li ◽

Chen-Yang Huang ◽

Kuan-Yu Chen ◽

Jian-Xun Chen ◽

Xiao-Yong Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Piezoelectric Effect ◽

Composite Films ◽

Cooh Group ◽

Sensing Element ◽

Β Phase ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Maleic Anhydride Copolymer ◽

Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽

Modified Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Based

In this study, heat and polarization treatments were applied to poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) films to improve their crystallinity and piezoelectric effect. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) of multiple dimensions (i.e., modified zero-dimensional (0D) carbon black (OCB), one-dimensional (1D) modified carbon nanotubes (CNT–COOH) and two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO)) were added to the copolymer to study the effects of different CBN dimensions on the crystallinity and piezoelectric effect of PVDF-TrFE films. Additionally, amphiphilic polymeric dispersants were added to improve the dispersibility of CBNs; the dispersant was synthesized by the amidation, and imidization reactions of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMAz) and polyoxyalkylene amine (M1000). Polymer solutions with different ratios of CBN to dispersant (z = 10:1, 5:1, 1:1, 1:5, 1:10) were prepared. The enhanced dispersibility enabled the fluorine atoms in the PVDF-TrFE molecular chain to more efficiently form hydrogen bonds with the –COOH group in the CBN, thereby increasing the content of the β crystal phase (the origin of the piezoelectric effect) of the film. Therefore, the resulting film exhibited a higher output voltage on the application side and better sensitivity on the sensing element. The addition of CNT–COOH and polymeric dispersants increased the β-phase content in PVDF-TrFE from 73.6% to 86.4%, which in turn raised the piezoelectric coefficient from 19.8 ± 1.0 to 26.4 ± 1.3 pC/N. The composite film-based pressure sensor also exhibited a high degree of sensitivity, which is expected to have commercial potential in the future.

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Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposite for High-Performance Energy Storage Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12030505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Samarjeet Singh Siwal ◽

Qibo Zhang ◽

Nishu Devi ◽

Vijay Kumar Thakur

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Surface Area ◽

Polymer Nanocomposites ◽

High Performance ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽

Energy Storage Devices ◽

Storage Devices ◽

Carbon Based ◽

Electrochemical Energy

In recent years, numerous discoveries and investigations have been remarked for the development of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites. Carbon-based materials and their composites hold encouraging employment in a broad array of fields, for example, energy storage devices, fuel cells, membranes sensors, actuators, and electromagnetic shielding. Carbon and its derivatives exhibit some remarkable features such as high conductivity, high surface area, excellent chemical endurance, and good mechanical durability. On the other hand, characteristics such as docility, lower price, and high environmental resistance are some of the unique properties of conducting polymers (CPs). To enhance the properties and performance, polymeric electrode materials can be modified suitably by metal oxides and carbon materials resulting in a composite that helps in the collection and accumulation of charges due to large surface area. The carbon-polymer nanocomposites assist in overcoming the difficulties arising in achieving the high performance of polymeric compounds and deliver high-performance composites that can be used in electrochemical energy storage devices. Carbon-based polymer nanocomposites have both advantages and disadvantages, so in this review, attempts are made to understand their synergistic behavior and resulting performance. The three electrochemical energy storage systems and the type of electrode materials used for them have been studied here in this article and some aspects for example morphology, exterior area, temperature, and approaches have been observed to influence the activity of electrochemical methods. This review article evaluates and compiles reported data to present a significant and extensive summary of the state of the art.

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