scholarly journals Introduction Police Psychology and the Impact of Psychological Science on Policing

2022 ◽  
pp. xxxi-xl
Author(s):  
Paulo Barbosa Marques ◽  
Mauro Paulino
Keyword(s):  
Police Psychology ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Impact

History of Sexual Orientation and Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Hancock ◽  
Douglas C. Haldeman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
The Impact

Psychology’s understanding of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people has evolved, become more refined, and impacted the lives of LGB people in profound ways. This chapter traces the history of LGB psychology from the nineteenth century to the present and focuses on major events and the intersections of theory, psychological science, politics, and activism in the history of this field. It explores various facets of cultural and psychological history that include the pathologizing of homosexuality, the rise of psychological science and the political movements in the mid-twentieth century, and the major shifts in policy that ensued. The toll of the AIDS epidemic on the field is discussed as is the impact of psychological research on national and international policy and legislation.

scholarly journals Open source smartphone apps and tools for measuring, quantifying, and visualizing screen time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Geyer ◽  
David Alexander Ellis ◽  
Heather Shaw ◽  
Brittany I Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Android App ◽  
The Impact

Psychological science has spent many years attempting to understand the impact of new technology on people and society. However, the frequent use of self-report methods to quantify patterns of usage struggle to capture subtle nuances of human-computer interaction. This has become particularly problematic for devices like smartphones that are used frequently and for a variety of purposes. While commercial apps can provide an element of objectivity, these are ‘closed’ and cannot be adapted to deliver a researcher-focused ‘open’ platform that allows for straightforward replication. Therefore, we have developed a freely available android app, which provides accurate, highly detailed, and customisable accounts of smartphone usage without compromising participants privacy. Further recommendations and code are provided in order to assist with data analysis.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Data Sharing Practices in the Psychological Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Neve ◽  
Guillaume A Rousselet
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Editorial Policies ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Impact

Sharing data has many benefits. However, data sharing rates remain low, for the most part well below 50%. A variety of interventions encouraging data sharing have been proposed. We focus here on editorial policies. Kidwell et al. (2016) assessed the impact of the introduction of badges in Psychological Science; Hardwicke et al. (2018) assessed the impact of Cognition’s mandatory data sharing policy. Both studies found policies to improve data sharing practices, but only assessed the impact of the policy for up to 25 months after its implementation. We examined the effect of these policies over a longer term by reusing their data and collecting a follow-up sample including articles published up until December 31st, 2019. We fit generalized additive models as these allow for a flexible assessment of the effect of time, in particular to identify non-linear changes in the trend. These models were compared to generalized linear models to examine whether the non-linearity is needed. Descriptive results and the outputs from generalized additive and linear models were coherent with previous findings: following the policies in Cognition and Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates increased immediately and continued to increase beyond the timeframes examined previously, until reaching close to 100%. In Clinical Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates started to increase only two years following the implementation of badges. Reusability rates jumped from close to 0% to around 50% but did not show changes within the pre-policy nor the post-policy timeframes. Journals that did not implement a policy showed no change in data sharing rates or reusability over time. There was variability across journals in the levels of increase, so we suggest future research should examine a larger number of policies to draw conclusions about their efficacy. We also encourage future research to investigate the barriers to data sharing specific to psychology subfields to identify the best interventions to tackle them.

scholarly journals Opening Pandora’s Box: Peeking inside psychology’s data sharing practices, and seven recommendations for change.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Towse ◽  
David Alexander Ellis ◽  
Andrea Towse
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The Impact

Open data-sharing is a valuable practice that ought to enhance the impact, reach and transparency of a research project. While widely advocated by many researchers and mandated by some journals and funding agencies, little is known about detailed practices across psychological science. In a pre-registered study, we show that overall, few research papers directly link to available data in many, though not all, journals. Most importantly, even where open data can be identified, the majority of these lacked completeness and reusability - conclusions that closely mirror those reported outside of Psychology. Exploring the reasons behind these findings, we offer seven specific recommendations for engineering and incentivizing improved practices, so that the potential of open data can be better realized across psychology and social science more generally.

The Impact of Changing Norms on Creativity in Psychological Science

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wai ◽  
Diane F. Halpern
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Advance ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Impact

The open science or credibility revolution has divided psychologists on whether and how the “policy” change of preregistration and similar requirements will affect the quality and creativity of future research. We provide a brief history of how norms have rapidly changed and how news and social media are beginning to “disrupt” academic science. We note a variety of benefits, including more confidence in research findings, but there are possible costs as well, including a reduction in the number of studies conducted because of an increased workload required by new policies. We begin to craft a study to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of these changing norms on creativity in psychological science, run into some possible roadblocks, and hope others will build on this idea. This policy change can be evaluated in the short term but will ultimately need to be evaluated decades from now. Long-term evaluations are rare, yet this is the ultimate measure of creative scientific advance. Our conclusion supports the goals and procedures for creating a more open science.

scholarly journals Reflections on Positive Emotions and Upward Spirals

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Fredrickson ◽  
Thomas Joiner
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Spiral Dynamics ◽  
Broaden And Build Theory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

We reflect on our 2002 article and the impact this research report has had both within and beyond psychological science. This article was both one of the first publications to provide empirical support for hypotheses based on the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions and a product of the genesis of positive psychology. We highlight empirical and theoretical advancements in the scientific understanding of upward spiral dynamics associated with positive emotions, with particular focus on the new upward spiral theory of lifestyle change. We conclude by encouraging deeper and more rigorous tests of the prospective and reciprocal relations associated with positive emotions. Such progress is needed to better inform translations and applications to improve people’s health and well-being.

scholarly journals Opening Pandora’s Box: Peeking inside Psychology’s data sharing practices, and seven recommendations for change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Towse ◽  
David A Ellis ◽  
Andrea S Towse
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Open data-sharing is a valuable practice that ought to enhance the impact, reach, and transparency of a research project. While widely advocated by many researchers and mandated by some journals and funding agencies, little is known about detailed practices across psychological science. In a pre-registered study, we show that overall, few research papers directly link to available data in many, though not all, journals. Most importantly, even where open data can be identified, the majority of these lacked completeness and reusability—conclusions that closely mirror those reported outside of Psychology. Exploring the reasons behind these findings, we offer seven specific recommendations for engineering and incentivizing improved practices, so that the potential of open data can be better realized across psychology and social science more generally.

Political diversity will improve social psychological science

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Duarte ◽  
Jarret T. Crawford ◽  
Charlotta Stern ◽  
Jonathan Haidt ◽  
Lee Jussim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Viewpoint Diversity ◽  
Academic Psychology ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPsychologists have demonstrated the value of diversity – particularly diversity of viewpoints – for enhancing creativity, discovery, and problem solving. But one key type of viewpoint diversity is lacking in academic psychology in general and social psychology in particular: political diversity. This article reviews the available evidence and finds support for four claims: (1) Academic psychology once had considerable political diversity, but has lost nearly all of it in the last 50 years. (2) This lack of political diversity can undermine the validity of social psychological science via mechanisms such as the embedding of liberal values into research questions and methods, steering researchers away from important but politically unpalatable research topics, and producing conclusions that mischaracterize liberals and conservatives alike. (3) Increased political diversity would improve social psychological science by reducing the impact of bias mechanisms such as confirmation bias, and by empowering dissenting minorities to improve the quality of the majority's thinking. (4) The underrepresentation of non-liberals in social psychology is most likely due to a combination of self-selection, hostile climate, and discrimination. We close with recommendations for increasing political diversity in social psychology.

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