Prospects of nanocomposite membranes for water treatment by pressure-driven membrane processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 237-256
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Ahmad Rehan ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Saba Akram ◽  
Anum Rashid ◽  
Abdul Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Pressure Driven

scholarly journals Enhancing the Efficiency of Membrane Processes for Water Treatment

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M.A. ElSherbiny ◽  
Stefan Panglisch
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Pressure Driven

Pressure-driven membrane processes, i [...]

scholarly journals Book Review: Nanocomposite Membranes for Water and Gas Separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Nanocomposite Membrane ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Gas Treatment ◽  
Recent Advancement

There are many membrane technology related books the publication collection, but this book gathered the up to-date knowledge sharing with technology experts around the world on the application of nanocomposite membrane in water and gas separation. This book consists of 510 pages and 19 chapters in this first edition covering the recent progress and development of the novel nanocomposite membrane and the prospect in various application. Each chapter starts with the preliminary introduction of the topics followed by the in-depth discussion and the concluded remarkably.Chapter 1 and 2 discussed the overview of the nanocomposite membranes in membrane technologies, recent advancement of the materials used and fabrication techniques. Chapter 3 and 5 provide an insight in the selection of polymeric materials, fillers and metal oxides for the fabrication of nanocomposite membrane. This chapter also carefully examined the formation of nanocomposite layers on the membrane by various techniques such as coating, grafting and self-assembly. Chapter 4 overview the heat, mass and charge transfer across the membrane with detailed explanation of the transport phenomenon involved in both porous and non-porous membrane. Chapter 6 to 9 addressed the development of the advanced nanocomposite membranes with detailed discussion on the incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNTs and GO), molecular sieving nanomaterials (zeolite and MOF), electrospun nanofibrous materials and biomimicking nanomaterials in the nanocomposite membrane. These chapters also discussed the fabrication and coating method of this materials onto the membrane and its effect on both physical and chemical properties of the nanocomposite membranes.Chapter 10 to 13 described the prospect of the nanocomposite membrane in water treatment by various separation techniques such as pressure-driven membrane processes, osmotic-driven membrane processes, membrane distillation and electrodriven membrane processes. These chapters highlighted the application of nanocomposite membranes with different separation processes in the water treatment application with the discussion on the effects of the operation parameter and the current performance of the membranes in respective processes. Chapter 14 to 17 focussed on the application of nanocomposite membrane in various gas separation in natural gas treatment, nitrogen and oxygen enrichment, recovery of hydrogen and production of syngas and gas separation by membrane contactors. These chapter summarized the results demonstrated by the membrane in gas separation and the identification of the challenges faced by the nanocomposite membrane. The last two chapters of the book addressed the outlook of the nanocomposite membrane with thorough examination of the operational and environmental challenges faced for the feasibility of commercialization.This book intended to capture the recent advancement of the nanocomposite membrane in terms of fabrication and its performance in water and gas separation that contributed to the sustainability of membrane technology in the future. More than 50 membrane experts from various countries contributed to this book, providing an insight of nanocomposite membrane which is still inscrutable for many in the separation field. This book will be the vital reference for the researchers, students, membrane technologist, membrane manufacturer or marketeers.  

Separation of Biologically Active Compounds by Membrane Operations

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Zhu ◽  
Renbi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Membrane Processes ◽  
Separation Technology ◽  
Pressure Driven

Background: Bioactive compounds from various natural sources have been attracting more and more attention, owing to their broad diversity of functionalities and availabilities. However, many of the bioactive compounds often exist at an extremely low concentration in a mixture so that massive harvesting is needed to obtain sufficient amounts for their practical usage. Thus, effective fractionation or separation technologies are essential for the screening and production of the bioactive compound products. The applicatons of conventional processes such as extraction, distillation and lyophilisation, etc. may be tedious, have high energy consumption or cause denature or degradation of the bioactive compounds. Membrane separation processes operate at ambient temperature, without the need for heating and therefore with less energy consumption. The “cold” separation technology also prevents the possible degradation of the bioactive compounds. The separation process is mainly physical and both fractions (permeate and retentate) of the membrane processes may be recovered. Thus, using membrane separation technology is a promising approach to concentrate and separate bioactive compounds. Methods: A comprehensive survey of membrane operations used for the separation of bioactive compounds is conducted. The available and established membrane separation processes are introduced and reviewed. Results: The most frequently used membrane processes are the pressure driven ones, including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF). They are applied either individually as a single sieve or in combination as an integrated membrane array to meet the different requirements in the separation of bioactive compounds. Other new membrane processes with multiple functions have also been developed and employed for the separation or fractionation of bioactive compounds. The hybrid electrodialysis (ED)-UF membrane process, for example has been used to provide a solution for the separation of biomolecules with similar molecular weights but different surface electrical properties. In contrast, the affinity membrane technology is shown to have the advantages of increasing the separation efficiency at low operational pressures through selectively adsorbing bioactive compounds during the filtration process. Conclusion: Individual membranes or membrane arrays are effectively used to separate bioactive compounds or achieve multiple fractionation of them with different molecule weights or sizes. Pressure driven membrane processes are highly efficient and widely used. Membrane fouling, especially irreversible organic and biological fouling, is the inevitable problem. Multifunctional membranes and affinity membranes provide the possibility of effectively separating bioactive compounds that are similar in sizes but different in other physical and chemical properties. Surface modification methods are of great potential to increase membrane separation efficiency as well as reduce the problem of membrane fouling. Developing membranes and optimizing the operational parameters specifically for the applications of separation of various bioactive compounds should be taken as an important part of ongoing or future membrane research in this field.

Membrane processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Staszak
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Membrane Processes

Abstract The membrane processes have played important role in the industrial separation process. These technologies can be found in all industrial areas such as food, beverages, metallurgy, pulp and paper, textile, pharmaceutical, automotive, biotechnology and chemical industry, as well as in water treatment for domestic and industrial application. Although these processes are known since twentieth century, there are still many studies that focus on the testing of new membranes’ materials and determining of conditions for optimal selectivity, i. e. the optimum transmembrane pressure (TMP) or permeate flux to minimize fouling. Moreover the researchers proposed some calculation methods to predict the membrane processes properties. In this article, the laboratory scale experiments of membrane separation techniques, as well their validation by calculation methods are presented. Because membrane is the “heart” of the process, experimental and computational methods for its characterization are also described.

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