Nanofiltration membranes for challenging environment

Author(s):  
Runlin Han ◽  
Shouhai Zhang ◽  
Yan Sui
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Fill ◽  
Scot McKee

The once predictable world of business marketing is changing. It is now a complex and challenging environment populated by an increasing number of channels, fast developing technology, the expectation that everything and everyone is accountable, and characterised by changing buyer behaviours and an emphasis on conversations and connectedness. Despite these complexities and challenges, at the root of business marketing remains the need to find, develop and maintain relationships. Accordingly, this book is anchored to two main principles, namely, generating demand and building fruitful marketing-based relationships. To drive demand, establish relationships that are of mutual value, and to weave a route through the various complexities, it is important to understand the nature and changing perspectives of B2B buyers. From this knowledge, organisations are better placed to create more buyer-centric demand generation strategies. This book is underpinned and shaped by these ideas. Demand generation issues are recognised throughout the book and a chapter is dedicated to understanding relationship marketing principles.


Author(s):  
Michael B. Schmidt ◽  
Noor Jehan Saujauddin

Abstract Scan testing and passive voltage contrast (PVC) techniques have been widely used as failure analysis fault isolation tools. Scan diagnosis can narrow a failure to a given net and passive voltage contrast can give real-time, large-scale electronic information about a sample at various stages of deprocessing. In the highly competitive and challenging environment of today, failure analysis cycle time is very important. By combining scan FA with a much higher sensitivity passive voltage contrast technique, one can quickly find defects that have traditionally posed a great challenge.


2012 ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Theoleyre ◽  
Anne Gonin ◽  
Dominique Paillat

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a multiple-effect evaporation of salty permeates. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.


2016 ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Marc André Théoleyre ◽  
Anne Gonin ◽  
Dominique Paillat

Regeneration of resins used for decolorization of sugar solutions is done with concentrated salt solutions. Nanofiltration membranes have been proven effective, in terms of industrial efficiency in decreasing salt consumption. More than 90% of the salt that is necessary for regeneration can be recycled through a combination of direct recycling of intermediate eluates, the separation of colored compounds by use of very selective nanofiltration membranes and a system to concentrate salty permeates. According to specific local conditions on energy supply and cost, the concentration of salty permeates can be either a multiple effect evaporator or a combination of electrodialysis and reverse osmosis. The desalted color compound solution is sent to the molasses, limiting considerably the effluent to be treated. Starting from a liquor of 800 IU, the water requirement is limited to less than 100 L/t of sugar and the amount of wastewater can be reduced to less than 40 L/t of sugar.


1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ratanatamskul ◽  
K. Yamamoto ◽  
T. Urase ◽  
S. Ohgaki

The recent development of new generation LPRO or nanofiltration membranes have received attraction for application in the field of wastewater and water treatment through an increasingly stringent regulation for drinking purpose and water reclamation. In this research, the application on treatment of anionic pollutants (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulfate and chloride ions) have been investigated as functions of transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity and temperature under very much lower pressure operation range (0.49 to 0.03 MPa) than any other previous research used to do. Negative rejection was also observed under very much low range of operating pressure in the case of membrane type NTR-7250. Moreover, the extended Nernst-Planck model was used for analysis of the experimental data of the rejection of nitrate, nitrite and chloride ions in single solution by considering effective charged density of the membranes.


Desalination ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 266 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Hadj Lajimi ◽  
Ezdine Ferjani ◽  
Mohamed Sadok Roudesli ◽  
André Deratani

2021 ◽  
pp. 119243
Author(s):  
Zhen-Yuan Wang ◽  
Yi-Chen Wang ◽  
Wei-Jian Wang ◽  
Sheng-Nan Tao ◽  
Ya-Feng Chen ◽  
...  

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