Using the Packet Header Redundant Fields to Improve VoIP Bandwidth Utilization

Timeworn telecommunication are progressively being substituted by a new one that run over IP networks, which is recognized as voice over internet protocol (VoIP). VoIP has a number of qualities (e.g., inexpensive call rate), which make it progressively widespread in the telecommunication domain. However, VoIP faces plentiful obstacles that slow its growth. One of the major obstacles is poorly utilizing the network bandwidth. A number of techniques have been offered to handle this obstacle, including packet multiplexing techniques. This paper designs an original multiplexing techniques, called packet multiplexing and carrier header (PM-CH), to decrease the quantity of the bandwidth consumed by VoIP. PM-CH protect the bandwidth by multiplexing the packets in a header and using the Timestamp field in the RTP header. The achievement of the PM-CH technique was examined depends on connection capacity and payload shortening. Simulation outcomes show that the PM-CH technique outperforms the contrast technique in the two factors. For instance, the PM-CH technique’s connection capacity outperforms the comparable technique by 58.9% when the connection bandwidth is 1000 kbps. Consequently, the PM-CH technique attains its objective of reducing the unexploited bandwidth caused by VoIP.

Abstract 1122‐000224: Keep it simple: MAC (Manual Aspiration with Contrast) Technique for the Endovascular Management Stroke

Introduction : The availability of advanced large‐bore diameter aspiration catheters has improved recanalization rates and time. We report a prospectively collected clinical experience with a simple technique: MAC (Manual Aspiration Contrast Enhancement) as the primary method for vessel recanalization. Gently contrast injection while the aspiration catheter is advanced to the thrombus and subsequently creating a closed‐loop system with the contrast column within the catheter can result in better visualization during the aspiration, thus improving the FPE avoiding clot fragmentation, multiple passes and blind movements of catheter by a single operator. Methods : 47 prospectively patients with ELVO and 3 cases of middle vessel occlusion (MVO) at four institutions were included in the study. The MAC technique was utilized in all patients. Procedural and clinical data were analyzed. Results : MAC technique using SOFIA 6 Plus Catheter was successful in achieving first pass effect (FPE) and Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b‐ 3 revascularizations in 77% of cases. The average time from groin puncture to at least TICI 2b recanalization was 16 min. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score average at onset of 16, and improved to a median NIHSS score at discharge of 5.5. One ICA rupture and two symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhages were recorded peri operatively. Conclusions : MAC technique is a simple, fast, safe, and effective method that has reduced the requirements to multiple passes and also avoiding the use of expensive materials to reach the occlusion site. MAC is a replicable approach without additional training requirements.

Extension and Limits of Depolarization-Fringe Contrast Roughness Method in Sub-Micron Domain

To guarantee quality standards for the industry, surface properties, particularly those of roughness, must be considered in many areas of application. Today, several methods are available on the market, but some damage the surface to be tested as they measure it by contact. A non-contact method for the precise estimation of sub-micron roughness values is presented, which can be used as an extension of existing roughness measurement techniques to improve them further considering the depolarized light reflected by the sample. This setup is based on a Michelson interferometer, and by introducing a quarter-wave plate on a half part of the reference mirror, the surface roughness can be directly derived by measuring the fringe contrasts. This article introduces a simple model describing the intensity distortions resulting from the microscopic roughness in divided interferograms when considering depolarization. This work aimed to extend the measurement range of the technique developed in a previous work, in which depolarization effects are taken into account. For verification, the experimental results were compared with the fringe contrast technique, which does not consider the depolarization of the scattered light, especially regarding the extended wavelength interval, highlighting the limits of the technique. In addition, simulations of the experiments are presented. For comparison, the reference values of the sample roughness were also generated by measurements with a stylus profiler.

Simple Circuit Edit Passive Voltage Contrast Technique to Identify Leakage Location

Passive voltage contrast (PVC) is widely used to detect underlying connectivity issues between metals based on the brightness of upper metals using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or focused ion beam (FIB). [1] However, it cannot be applied in all cases due to the uniqueness of each case where brightness alone is insufficient to tell leakage location. In this study, propose a simple technique using platinum (Pt) marking as a circuit edit (CE) technique to alter metal PVC to identify the actual leakage location. Conventional SEM and PVC contrast imaging are unable to pinpoint exact defects without data confirming the leakage from nano-probing such as Atomic Force Probing (AFP) or SEM base nano-probing (NP) [2]. Using this method, we can improve the analysis cycle time by direct analysts the defective location in SEM, while also saving tool cost.

Flexopiezoelectricity at ferroelastic domain walls in WO3 films

The emergence of a domain wall property that is forbidden by symmetry in bulk can offer unforeseen opportunities for nanoscale low-dimensional functionalities in ferroic materials. Here, we report that the piezoelectric response is greatly enhanced in the ferroelastic domain walls of centrosymmetric tungsten trioxide thin films due to a large strain gradient of 106 m−1, which exists over a rather wide width (~20 nm) of the wall. The interrelationship between the strain gradient, electric polarity, and the electromechanical property is scrutinized by detecting of the lattice distortion using atomic scale strain analysis, and also by detecting the depolarized electric field using differential phase contrast technique. We further demonstrate that the domain walls can be manipulated and aligned in specific directions deterministically using a scanning tip, which produces a surficial strain gradient. Our findings provide the comprehensive observation of a flexopiezoelectric phenomenon that is artificially controlled by externally induced strain gradients.

ABC of Endometriosis Surgery: Aqua Blue Contrast Technique

ObjectivePeritoneal endometriosis is the most prevalent yet least diagnosed type due to its unrecognizable nature on imaging modalities especially non- pigmented lesions would escape the surgeons’ eye and experience during diagnostic laparoscopy. We used color adjuvant by the technique called Aqua Blue Contrast Technique (ABCT) to optimize the view and to improve results.Material methodsPatient charts who undergone surgery from 2014 to 2015 and their 5 year follow up data, along with two different control groups, have been analyzed retrospectively. As the first group the patients who had conventional surgery without the use of ABCT) were included, the second group were patients who had ABCT applied on both pelvic side walls but not in cul-de-sac and as the third group the patients who had the surgery with the use of ABCT in all peritoneal cavity have been analyzed. Cases involving ovarian endometriomas and DIE were excluded.ResultsAll patients have been followed up for up to 5 years. In group 1, the recurrence within the postoperative 3 years was 11.9%, and 16.1% after 5 years of surgery. The recurrence of 3 years period and 5 years period for the patients in group 2 were 8.7& and 12.1% respectively. The patients in group 3 recurred 3.2% in the 3 years period and the 4.3% recurrence rate calculated as 4.5% for the following 5 years after surgery.ConclusionResults indicate elimination of high-end spectrum of light using aqua blue contrast technique with hydrodistension of the retroperitoneum enhances the surgeon’s vision, allows lesions otherwise not detected with white light.

Konceptualizowanie uczuć jako specyfika opisu przeżyć w tekstach uczniowskich

The aim of the article is to analyze the development of the description of experiences and the conceptualisation of feelings in the school essays. The author analyzes the proper part of the description of experiences prepared by primary school students; the interpretation consists of both treating the text as a product – the effect of using technology in the process of linguistic activity – as well as introducing the students’ textual abilities and skills. The analyzed texts include the authors’ own interpretations of their experiences, starting from the presentation of stimuli that triggered the given feelings, through describing the accompanying and emotional reactions, and ending with the description of the results derived from the experienced emotions. The essence of the description of experiences is the conceptualization of feelings, for the development of which students use three different schemas: simple time sequences, the contrast technique and the “kaleidoscope technique”.

Selected Methods of Psychological Manipulation in the Marketing of Financial Services

The main purpose of this article is preliminary identification of manipulation techniques and methods used in banks for staff relationship management. The empirical contribution of this article is to discuss the influence of immediate supervisor on the consumer’s consultants in the banking sector. The author has tried to answer the research questions, Are there any manipulation techniques used by bank managers? If, yes, what methods of psychological manipulations are applied by supervisors on to their employees. Data is gathered by using interviews with an experts’ group and by the critical reflection on the professional experiences of the author of the article. The initial results highlight some manipulation techniques used by bank managers on the consumers’ consultant, for example, the reciprocity technique, group technique, the contrast technique, authority technique, word manipulation technique, impression management technique and social manipulation techniques, such as the foot-in-the- mouth and dialogue, the door-in-the-face”, stressful situations, feelings of guilt. It is also worth noting that in opposition to techniques there are examples of psychological counteraction to manipulation, for example, the instinct to restrain aggression and empathy, change assessment into opinion, violation of the principle of reciprocity, self-esteem, personality and manipulation. The author also paid considerable attention to aspects such as rights and needs of the employee in the sales of financial services and his job satisfaction.