Participation and understanding of plant microbes interaction in plant health and growth by combating mercury stress: a sustainable approach towards agricultural practices

AbstractWe investigated root communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in relation to lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (Lavandula intermedia) health status from organic and conventional fields affected by Phytoplasma infection. The intensity of root mycorrhizal colonization was significantly different between diseased and healthy plants and was higher in the latter regardless of agricultural practice. This difference was more pronounced in lavender. The root AMF diversity was influenced by the plant health status solely in lavender and only under the conventional practice resulting in an increase in the AMF abundance and richness. The plant health status did not influence the distribution of root AMF communities in lavandin unlike its strong impact in lavender in both agricultural practices. Finally, among the most abundant molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), four different MOTUs for each plant species were significantly abundant in the roots of healthy lavender and lavandin in either agricultural practice. Our study demonstrated that the plant health status influences root colonization and can influence the diversity and distribution of root AMF communities. Its effects vary according to plant species, can be modified by agricultural practices and allow plants to establish symbiosis with specific AMF species.

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Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13010010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Ugo De Corato

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Plant Disease ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Plant Health ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Soil Microbiota

This review pays attention to the newest insights on the soil microbiome in plant disease-suppressive soil (DSS) for sustainable plant health management from the perspective of a circular economy that provides beneficial microbiota by recycling agro-wastes into the soil. In order to increase suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens, the main goal of this paper is to critically discuss and compare the potential use of reshaped soil microbiomes by assembling different agricultural practices such as crop selection; land use and conservative agriculture; crop rotation, diversification, intercropping and cover cropping; compost and chitosan application; and soil pre-fumigation combined with organic amendments and bio-organic fertilizers. This review is seen mostly as a comprehensive understanding of the main findings regarding DSS, starting from the oldest concepts to the newest challenges, based on the assumption that sustainability for soil quality and plant health is increasingly viable and supported by microbiome-assisted strategies based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods that characterize in depth the soil bacterial and fungal communities. This approach, together with the virtuous reuse of agro-wastes to produce in situ green composts and organic bio-fertilizers, is the best way to design new sustainable cropping systems in a circular economy system. The current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens and soil microbiota is summarized. How microbiota determine soil suppression and what NGS strategies are available to understand soil microbiomes in DSS are presented. Disturbance of soil microbiota based on combined agricultural practices is deeply considered. Sustainable soil microbiome management by recycling in situ agro-wastes is presented. Afterwards, how the resulting new insights can drive the progress in sustainable microbiome-based disease management is discussed.

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Soil microbial communities from olive cultivars are shaped by seasonality and geographical scales

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-4224 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Anguita-Maeso ◽

Juan C. Rivas ◽

Guillermo León ◽

Cristina Estudillo ◽

Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Soil Microbial Communities ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Plant Health ◽

Soil Microbiome ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Soil Biodiversity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Olive Varieties

Soil biodiversity is essential to sustain healthy ecosystems supporting the maintenance of the environment and agricultural practices. Soils provide vital habitat for microorganisms which play determinant roles through organic matter transformation and nutrient cycling, which have a great impact in agriculture and food production and climate regulation. Understanding soil microbiome is becoming a relevant matter for supporting plant productivity and plant health. Unravelling the function and structure of microbial communities prevailing in soils is essential for a better understanding of plant development. However, the vast majority of soil microorganisms remain unknown and their variability at regional and temporal seasonal scale is still an unexplored field. In this study, soils associated to the rhizosphere of three olive varieties were sampled during autumn 2018 and spring 2019 in three olive orchards with differences in physicochemical soil characteristics and climate, located in the provinces of Ja&#233;n, C&#243;rdoba and M&#225;laga, in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Bacterial and fungal populations were analysed using Illumina MiSeq platform to determine the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities and how those environmental factors may affect them. Sequencing data resulted in a total of 730 bacteria OTUs, distributed in 23 phyla and 312 genera while there were 553 fungal OTUs divided in 8 phyla and 280 genera. Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum across olive orchard location (30.37%-5.52%) followed by Actinobacteria (10.72%-5.49%) and Bacteroidetes (7.73%-0.89%). There was circa 50% abundance reduction of these phyla on samples taken in autumn compared to that sampled in the spring. Unique bacterial genera differed according to field location in Ja&#233;n (72), C&#243;rdoba (45) and M&#225;laga (48) while the shared bacteria genera among plots was 82. Fungi results showed Ascomycota (49.13%-3.13%) and Basidiomycota (25.64%-2.79%) as the two most abundant phyla in all olive orchards. A reduction on the abundance of Ascomycota was noticed on samples from autumn to spring (37.84% and 20.42%, respectively), while Basidiomycota displayed a distinct behavior (11.89% to 20.27%). Exclusive fungal genera varied from Ja&#233;n (50), C&#243;rdoba (7) and M&#225;laga (14), whereas the core fungal genera among fields was 28. This information can contribute to generate new knowledge regarding temporal and spatial scale insights on soil microbiome associated to olive crop that may be considered to increase plant health and soil biodiversity.Study supported by Projects 01LC1620 SOILMAN, XF-ACTORS 727987 (EU-H2020) and AGL2016-75606-R (MICINN Spain and FEDER-EU).

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Food Safety on the Farm: Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices – Packing Operation Sanitation

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-fs189-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Jesscia A. Lepper ◽

Aswathy Sreedharan ◽

Renée Goodrich Schneider ◽

Keith R. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Good Agricultural Practices ◽

Produce Safety ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Safety Rule ◽

Handling Practices ◽

Voluntary Program ◽

Federal Guidelines

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good handling practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures that growers, packers and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually deal with preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing, storage and shipping. This factsheet covers GAPs relating to packing operation sanitation. There are seven other Florida Cooperative Extension factsheets in the ‘Food Safety on the Farm’ series that focus on specific aspects of the GAPs program and how they relate to Florida crops and practices. Under the new Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), GAPs are a foundation of the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Other than for round tomatoes in Florida (T-GAPs regulation), GAPs have mainly been a voluntary program. Additionally the PSR mandates all non-exempt operations to follow these new FSMA federal guidelines (6), but all exempt commodities and for those producers exporting to foreign countries, GAPs may still be required. Both the mandatory PSR and GAPs aim to reduce the foodborne illness burden associated with produce.

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Plant Health

10.33804/planthealth ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Plant Health

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Study on Existing Agricultural Practices in Orathanadu Block of Tanjore District

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/may2013/106 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 315-317

Author(s):

Dr.K.Manimozhi Dr.K.Manimozhi ◽

◽

N.Vaishnavi N.Vaishnavi

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Practices

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Dynamics of CO2 emission from chernozems under agricultural use

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp4.03.043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

M. Miroshnychenko ◽

O. Siabruk

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Growing Season ◽

Warm Period ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Organic Mineral ◽

Mineral System

Aim. The comparison of the effect of hydrothermal conditions and various agricultural practices on the emission of CO 2 from chernozems in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The dynamics of the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from chernozem calcic (typical chernozem – in Ukrainian classifi cation) was studied during the growing season of 2011–2012. The observations were based on two fi eld experiments with various methods of soil till- age (6–7 years from the beginning of the experiment) and fertilization systems (21–22 years from the beginning of the experiment). Particularly, plowing at 20–22 cm, disking at 10–12 cm, cultivation at 6–8 cm and direct seeding using Great Plains drill were studied among the soil tillage methods. Mineral system (N 45 P 50 K 45 ), organic system (manure 8 t/ha) and combined organic-mineral system (manure 8 t/ha + N 45 P 50 K 45 ) were studied among fertilization systems. The intensity of CO 2 fl ux was determined using the non-stationary respiratory chambers by the alkaline absorption method, with averaging of the results during the day and the frequency of once a month. Results. During the warm period, the emission of carbon dioxide from the soil changes dynamically depending on temperature and humidity. The maximum of emission coincides with the periods of warm summer showers in June-July, the minimum values are characteristic for the late autumn period. The total emission losses of carbon in chernozems over the vegetation period ranged from 480 to 910 kg/ha and varied depending on the methods of tillage ± (4.0–6.0) % and fertilization systems ± (3.8–7.1) %. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different methods of soil tillage are associated with hydrothermal regime and the depth of crop residues location. The biggest difference is observed im- mediately after tillage, but in the spring period the differences are only 12–25 %, and after drying of the top layer of soil become even less. Direct seeding technology provides the greatest emission of CO 2 from chernozem, which is fa- cilitated by better water regime and more complete mineralization of plant residues on the soil surface. Annual losses of carbon are the least under disking of soil at 10–12 cm. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different fertilization systems are associated with the involvement of the additional organic matter from plant residues and manure to the microbiological decomposition. The greatest emission was observed under the organic- mineral fertilization system, which increased the loss of carbon by 7–8 % in comparison with the mineral system in the unfavorable hydrothermal year and by 11–15 % in the more favorable year. These differences are observed mainly during the fi rst half of the growing season when there is a clear tendency to increase the intensity of soil respiration. Conclusions. The hydrothermal conditions of the warm period of the year are decisive in the formation of the CO 2 emission fl ow from chernozems. Due to the improvement of agricultural practices, emissions might be reduced but not more that by 15 % of natural factor contribution.

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