scholarly journals Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ugo De Corato
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbiota

This review pays attention to the newest insights on the soil microbiome in plant disease-suppressive soil (DSS) for sustainable plant health management from the perspective of a circular economy that provides beneficial microbiota by recycling agro-wastes into the soil. In order to increase suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens, the main goal of this paper is to critically discuss and compare the potential use of reshaped soil microbiomes by assembling different agricultural practices such as crop selection; land use and conservative agriculture; crop rotation, diversification, intercropping and cover cropping; compost and chitosan application; and soil pre-fumigation combined with organic amendments and bio-organic fertilizers. This review is seen mostly as a comprehensive understanding of the main findings regarding DSS, starting from the oldest concepts to the newest challenges, based on the assumption that sustainability for soil quality and plant health is increasingly viable and supported by microbiome-assisted strategies based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods that characterize in depth the soil bacterial and fungal communities. This approach, together with the virtuous reuse of agro-wastes to produce in situ green composts and organic bio-fertilizers, is the best way to design new sustainable cropping systems in a circular economy system. The current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens and soil microbiota is summarized. How microbiota determine soil suppression and what NGS strategies are available to understand soil microbiomes in DSS are presented. Disturbance of soil microbiota based on combined agricultural practices is deeply considered. Sustainable soil microbiome management by recycling in situ agro-wastes is presented. Afterwards, how the resulting new insights can drive the progress in sustainable microbiome-based disease management is discussed.

scholarly journals Bio-organic fertilizers stimulate indigenous soil Pseudomonas populations to enhance plant disease suppression

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengyuan Tao ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Wu Xiong ◽  
Zongzhuan Shen ◽  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Bioorganic Fertilizer

Abstract Background Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogen result in a substantial economic impact on the global food and fruit industry. Application of organic fertilizers supplemented with biocontrol microorganisms (i.e. bioorganic fertilizers) has been shown to improve resistance against plant pathogens at least in part due to impacts on the structure and function of the resident soil microbiome. However, it remains unclear whether such improvements are driven by the specific action of microbial inoculants, microbial populations naturally resident to the organic fertilizer or the physical-chemical properties of the compost substrate. The aim of this study was to seek the ecological mechanisms involved in the disease suppressive activity of bio-organic fertilizers. Results To disentangle the mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer action, we conducted an experiment tracking Fusarium wilt disease of banana and changes in soil microbial communities over three growth seasons in response to the following four treatments: bio-organic fertilizer (containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W19), organic fertilizer, sterilized organic fertilizer and sterilized organic fertilizer supplemented with B. amyloliquefaciens W19. We found that sterilized bioorganic fertilizer to which Bacillus was re-inoculated provided a similar degree of disease suppression as the non-sterilized bioorganic fertilizer across cropping seasons. We further observed that disease suppression in these treatments is linked to impacts on the resident soil microbial communities, specifically by leading to increases in specific Pseudomonas spp.. Observed correlations between Bacillus amendment and indigenous Pseudomonas spp. that might underlie pathogen suppression were further studied in laboratory and pot experiments. These studies revealed that specific bacterial taxa synergistically increase biofilm formation and likely acted as a plant-beneficial consortium against the pathogen. Conclusion Together we demonstrate that the action of bioorganic fertilizer is a product of the biocontrol inoculum within the organic amendment and its impact on the resident soil microbiome. This knowledge should help in the design of more efficient biofertilizers designed to promote soil function.

scholarly journals Enhancing plant disease diagnostics in the Pacific

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Katharina M. Hofer ◽  
Merje Toome-Heller ◽  
Brett J.R. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Diseased Plant ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Disease Diagnostics

A project aiming to enhance biosecurity and market access in the Pacific was launched by NZ Aid in 2016. The project intends to benefit the economies of New Zealand’s Pacific neighbours by improving their biosecurity systems which, in turn, would help to protect New Zealand’s borders. Under the current project, the MPI’s Plant Health and Environment Laboratory (PHEL) is accountable for delivering insect pest and disease diagnostic training in the Pacific and developing diagnostic tools. The PHEL Mycology and Bacteriology team has delivered a number of plant pathology training sessions in New Zealand, Cook Islands and Fiji. The main focus of the pathology module was to provide the Biosecurity Authority of Fiji (BAF) Plant Health Laboratory staff with skills and tools to conduct plant disease diagnostics at their facility. This included a full laboratory refurbishment and new molecular setup. As a result, the BAF team has become efficient with isolating and identifying plant pathogens using a combination of morphology and DNA-based approaches. They are now able to provide fast and sensitive testing for high impact diseases at the border or in future incursions. In addition to laboratory staff training, a number of quarantine officers were trained to enable them to recognise diseased plant material during import and export fresh produce inspections.

Soil microbial communities from olive cultivars are shaped by seasonality and geographical scales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Anguita-Maeso ◽  
Juan C. Rivas ◽  
Guillermo León ◽  
Cristina Estudillo ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Olive Varieties

<p>Soil biodiversity is essential to sustain healthy ecosystems supporting the maintenance of the environment and agricultural practices. Soils provide vital habitat for microorganisms which play determinant roles through organic matter transformation and nutrient cycling, which have a great impact in agriculture and food production and climate regulation. Understanding soil microbiome is becoming a relevant matter for supporting plant productivity and plant health. Unravelling the function and structure of microbial communities prevailing in soils is essential for a better understanding of plant development. However, the vast majority of soil microorganisms remain unknown and their variability at regional and temporal seasonal scale is still an unexplored field. In this study, soils associated to the rhizosphere of three olive varieties were sampled during autumn 2018 and spring 2019 in three olive orchards with differences in physicochemical soil characteristics and climate, located in the provinces of Jaén, Córdoba and Málaga, in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Bacterial and fungal populations were analysed using Illumina MiSeq platform to determine the structure and diversity of soil microbial communities and how those environmental factors may affect them. Sequencing data resulted in a total of 730 bacteria OTUs, distributed in 23 phyla and 312 genera while there were 553 fungal OTUs divided in 8 phyla and 280 genera. <em>Proteobacteria</em> was the most abundant bacterial phylum across olive orchard location (30.37%-5.52%) followed by <em>Actinobacteria</em> (10.72%-5.49%) and <em>Bacteroidetes</em> (7.73%-0.89%). There was circa 50% abundance reduction of these phyla on samples taken in autumn compared to that sampled in the spring. Unique bacterial genera differed according to field location in Jaén (72), Córdoba (45) and Málaga (48) while the shared bacteria genera among plots was 82. Fungi results showed <em>Ascomycota</em> (49.13%-3.13%) and <em>Basidiomycota</em> (25.64%-2.79%) as the two most abundant phyla in all olive orchards. A reduction on the abundance of <em>Ascomycota</em> was noticed on samples from autumn to spring (37.84% and 20.42%, respectively), while <em>Basidiomycota</em> displayed a distinct behavior (11.89% to 20.27%). Exclusive fungal genera varied from Jaén (50), Córdoba (7) and Málaga (14), whereas the core fungal genera among fields was 28. This information can contribute to generate new knowledge regarding temporal and spatial scale insights on soil microbiome associated to olive crop that may be considered to increase plant health and soil biodiversity.</p><p>Study supported by Projects 01LC1620 SOILMAN, XF-ACTORS 727987 (EU-H2020) and AGL2016-75606-R (MICINN Spain and FEDER-EU).</p>

scholarly journals Retraction: De Corato, U. Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 10

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1688
Author(s):  
Ugo De Corato
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Soil Microbiome

The journal retracts the article “Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review” by Ugo De Corato [...]

scholarly journals 3D-Bioprinting Strategies Based on In Situ Bone-Healing Mechanism for Vascularized Bone Tissue Engineering

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Ye Lin Park ◽  
Kiwon Park ◽  
Jae Min Cha
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regeneration Processes

Over the past decades, a number of bone tissue engineering (BTE) approaches have been developed to address substantial challenges in the management of critical size bone defects. Although the majority of BTE strategies developed in the laboratory have been limited due to lack of clinical relevance in translation, primary prerequisites for the construction of vascularized functional bone grafts have gained confidence owing to the accumulated knowledge of the osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties of mesenchymal stem cells and bone-relevant biomaterials that reflect bone-healing mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of bone-healing mechanisms focusing on the details that should be embodied in the development of vascularized BTE, and discuss promising strategies based on 3D-bioprinting technologies that efficiently coalesce the abovementioned main features in bone-healing systems, which comprehensively interact during the bone regeneration processes.

scholarly journals Microbial antagonists against plant pathogens in Iran: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 404-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Alizadeh ◽  
Yalda Vasebi ◽  
Naser Safaie
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Published Research

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to give a comprehensive review of the published research works on biological control of different fungal, bacterial, and nematode plant diseases in Iran from 1992 to 2018. Plant pathogens cause economical loss in many agricultural products in Iran. In an attempt to prevent these serious losses, chemical control measures have usually been applied to reduce diseases in farms, gardens, and greenhouses. In recent decades, using the biological control against plant diseases has been considered as a beneficial and alternative method to chemical control due to its potential in integrated plant disease management as well as the increasing yield in an eco-friendly manner. Based on the reported studies, various species of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were the most common biocontrol agents with the ability to control the wide range of plant pathogens in Iran from lab to the greenhouse and field conditions.

scholarly journals Improvement of Soil Microbial Diversity through Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Its Evaluation by -Omics Approaches: A Perspective for the Environment, Food Quality and Human Safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1400
Author(s):  
Marta Bertola ◽  
Andrea Ferrarini ◽  
Giovanna Visioli
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Soil Microbial

Soil is one of the key elements for supporting life on Earth. It delivers multiple ecosystem services, which are provided by soil processes and functions performed by soil biodiversity. In particular, soil microbiome is one of the fundamental components in the sustainment of plant biomass production and plant health. Both targeted and untargeted management of soil microbial communities appear to be promising in the sustainable improvement of food crop yield, its nutritional quality and safety. –Omics approaches, which allow the assessment of microbial phylogenetic diversity and functional information, have increasingly been used in recent years to study changes in soil microbial diversity caused by agronomic practices and environmental factors. The application of these high-throughput technologies to the study of soil microbial diversity, plant health and the quality of derived raw materials will help strengthen the link between soil well-being, food quality, food safety and human health.

scholarly journals Spray-induced gene silencing for disease control is dependent on the efficiency of pathogen RNA uptake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Qiao ◽  
Chi Lan ◽  
Luca Capriotti ◽  
Audrey Ah-Fong ◽  
Jonatan Nino Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Disease Management ◽  
Fungal Genes

AbstractRecent discoveries show that fungi can take up environmental RNA, which can then silence fungal genes through environmental RNA interference. This discovery prompted the development of Spray-Induced Gene Silencing (SIGS) for plant disease management. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of SIGS across a variety of eukaryotic microbes. We first examined the efficiency of RNA uptake in multiple pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, and an oomycete pathogen. We observed efficient double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) uptake in the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Aspergillus niger, and Verticillium dahliae, but no uptake in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and weak uptake in a beneficial fungus, Trichoderma virens. For the oomycete plant pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, RNA uptake was limited, and varied across different cell types and developmental stages. Topical application of dsRNA targeting virulence-related genes in the pathogens with high RNA uptake efficiency significantly inhibited plant disease symptoms, whereas the application of dsRNA in pathogens with low RNA uptake efficiency did not suppress infection. Our results have revealed that dsRNA uptake efficiencies vary across eukaryotic microbe species and cell types. The success of SIGS for plant disease management can largely be determined by the pathogen RNA uptake efficiency.

scholarly journals Methods for management of soilborne plant pathogens

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Jovana Hrustic ◽  
Mila Grahovac ◽  
Brankica Tanovic
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Soilborne Disease ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Soil Disinfection

Soilborne pathogens cause significant economic losses in agricultural production all over the world. These species can survive for many years in the absence of a host plant by forming persistent structures such as microsclerotia, sclerotia, chlamydospores or oospores. Consequently, soilborne diseases are particularly difficult to predict, detect, diagnose and successfully control. Over the past 30 years, a fumigant, methyl bromide, has been widely used for their control in many crops. In 1992, methyl bromide was listed as an ozone-depleting substance under the Montreal Protocol ? an international treaty to protect the ozone layer. During the phaseout of methyl bromide, problems generated in agricultural production made it clear that dependence on a single method or a single chemical should be avoided. The objective of this review paper was to summarize the current knowledge about different methods of soilborne disease control including: crop rotation, steam soil disinfection, soil amendments, hydroponics and soilless growing systems, soil solarization, grafting, biological control and use of natural compounds, and chemical control. Positive and negative aspects of all available methods were reviewed. Benefits, achieved by simultaneous application of several methods based on different mechanisms of actions, are discussed.

scholarly journals Mite pests in plant crops: Current issues, inovative approaches and possibilities for controlling them: Part 2

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-132
Author(s):  
Radmila Petanovic ◽  
Dejan Marcic ◽  
Biljana Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Physical Measures ◽  
Urban Horticulture

Part one discusses some principal mite pests in agroecosystems and urban horticulture in European countries, Serbia and its neighbouring countries focusing primarily on issues with regard to plant production, novel methods and approaches in applied acaralogy. Part two displays some major properties of acaricides inhibiting respiration, growth and development and other synthetic substances with acaricide action on the market in the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. Also some products of natural origin (azadirachtin, oils, micoacaricides) are said to be gaining in importance. Issues with regard to the fact that mites can readily develop resistance to acardicides are discussed and a survey on the results of biochemical, physiological and genetical causes of resistance are analyzed. Some basic principles of biological control of phytophagous mites and modern advances and approaches are discussed as well as current knowledge on host plant resistance to mites. Eventually, the possibility of using a combination of selective acaricides and biological control agents is discussed but also the inclusion of other modes of control (agricultural practices and physical measures) expected to contribute to an integrated management of pest populations.

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