scholarly journals Sewage Sludge Treatment by Hydrothermal Carbonization: Feasibility Study for Sustainable Nutrient Recovery and Fuel Production

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2697
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gerner ◽  
Luca Meyer ◽  
Rahel Wanner ◽  
Thomas Keller ◽  
Rolf Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment

Phosphorus recovery from waste biomass is becoming increasingly important, given that phosphorus is an exhaustible non-renewable resource. For the recovery of plant nutrients and production of climate-neutral fuel from wet waste streams, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been suggested as a promising technology. In this study, digested sewage sludge (DSS) was used as waste material for phosphorus and nitrogen recovery. HTC was conducted at 200 °C for 4 h, followed by phosphorus stripping (PS) or leaching (PL) at room temperature. The results showed that for PS and PL around 84% and 71% of phosphorus, as well as 53% and 54% of nitrogen, respectively, could be recovered in the liquid phase (process water and/or extract). Heavy metals were mainly transferred to the hydrochar and only <1 ppm of Cd and 21–43 ppm of Zn were found to be in the liquid phase of the acid treatments. According to the economic feasibility calculation, the HTC-treatment per dry ton DSS with an industrial-scale plant would cost around 608 USD. Between 349–406 kg of sulfuric acid are required per dry ton DSS to achieve a high yield in phosphorus recovery, which causes additional costs of 96–118 USD. Compared to current sewage sludge treatment costs in Switzerland, which range between 669 USD and 1173 USD, HTC can be an economically feasible process for DSS treatment and nutrient recovery.

Modelling thermal phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge ash

Calphad ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Arnout ◽  
Els Nagels
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Sewage Sludge Ash ◽  
Sludge Ash

Thermodynamic Modeling of Phosphorus Recovery from Wastewater for Process Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol MA2021-01 (45) ◽  
pp. 1798-1798
Author(s):  
Garrett Pindine ◽  
Babatunde IBRAHIM Ojoawo ◽  
Jason Trembly ◽  
Damilola Daramola
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery

Process optimization of anammox-driven hydroxyapatite crystallization for simultaneous nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 121779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Lin ◽  
Yanlong Zhang ◽  
Markus Beckman ◽  
Wenzhi Cao ◽  
Tong Ouyang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery

Current situation and future possibilities for the sewage sludge valorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ballabio ◽  
T. Vollmeier
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Sludge Disposal

Thermal treatment is an efficient solution for the sewage sludge disposal, able to deal with the environmental problems related to some harmful elements inside sludge itself, as heavy metals, hormones, pharmaceutical derivates etc. This presentation wants to show the several reliable technologies available today, able to fulfil the requirements for efficiency and cheapness. Other solutions with interesting potentialities are now in a research phase, and they show promising future possibilities of application also from the point of view of the environmental acceptability related to these technologies. In addition to the solutions for the sludge thermal treatment, it will be shown the issue of the phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge, a topical issue that will influence the choices for the sludge disposal in the next years.

scholarly journals Mechanism and Modelling of Reactive Crystallization Process of Lithium Carbonate

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolei Zhao ◽  
Jie Gao ◽  
Siyang Ma ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Yiming Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Induction Time ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Nucleation Mechanism ◽  
Lithium Sulfate ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Reactive Crystallization

The reactive crystallization of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) from lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) solutions is a key process in harvesting solid lithium, whether from ores, brines, or clays. However, the process kinetics and mechanism remain poorly understood and the modelling of the reactive crystallization of Li2CO3 is not available. Hence, this work aims to determine the kinetics and mechanisms of the nucleation and growth of Li2CO3 reactive crystallization by induction time measurements and to model and optimize the crystallization process using response surface methodology. Induction time measurements were carried out as functions of initial supersaturation and temperature using a laser method. It was found that the primary nucleation mechanism of Li2CO3 varies with solution supersaturations, in which, expectedly, the heterogenous nucleation mechanism dominates at low supersaturations while the homogeneous nucleation mode governs at high supersaturations. The transition point between heterogenous and homogenous nucleation was found to vary with temperatures. Growth modes of Li2CO3 crystals were investigated by relating induction time data with various growth mechanisms, revealing a two-dimensional nucleation-mediated growth mechanism. The modelling and optimization of a complex reactive crystallization were performed by response surface methodology (RSM), and the effects of various crystallization parameters on product and process performances were examined. Solution concentration was found to be the critical factor determining the yield of crystallization, while stirring speed was found to play a dominant role in the particle size of Li2CO3 crystals. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the reactive crystallization process of Li2CO3 and are critical in relation to the crystallization design and control of Li2CO3 production from lithium sulfate sources.

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