Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Activity and Enantioselectivity of Lipases in Organic Solvents

1992 ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Carrea ◽  
G. Ottolina ◽  
S. Riva ◽  
F. Secundo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Ozone Degradation of Alcohols, Ketones, Ethers and Hydroxybenzenes: Determination of Pathways and Kinetic Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavcho K. Rakovsky ◽  
Metody P. Anachkov ◽  
Vesselin I. Iliev ◽  
Alexander E. Eliyas
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Thermodynamic Parameters ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Ozone Reactions ◽  
Reaction Schemes

AbstractThe review, based on 92 references, is focused on degradation of organics by ozonation and it comprises various classes of oxygen-containing organic compounds - alcohols, ketones, ethers and hydroxybenzenes. The mechanisms of a multitude of ozone reactions with these compounds in organic solvents are discussed in details, presenting the respective reaction schemes and the corresponding kinetic parameters are given and some thermodynamic parameters are also listed. The dependencies of the kinetics and the mechanism of the ozonation reactions on the structure of the compounds, on the medium and on the reaction conditions are revealed. The various possible applications of ozonolysis are specified and discussed. All these reactions have practical importance for the protection of the environment.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized 4H-Pyrans

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Bihani ◽  
Pranjal P. Bora ◽  
Ghanashyam Bez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Chromatographic Purification ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Active Methylene Compounds ◽  
Active Methylene

Amberlyst A21 catalyzed one-pot three-component coupling of aldehyde and malononitrile with active methylene compounds such as acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate for the synthesis of pharmaceutically important polyfunctionalized 4H-pyrans has been reported. Simple experimental procedure, no chromatographic purification, no hazardous organic solvents, easy recovery and reusability of the catalyst, and room temperature reaction conditions are some of the highlights of this protocol for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant focused libraries.

scholarly journals Synthesis and structure-physicochemical properties relationship of thiophene-substituted bis(5,4-d)thiazoles

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zita Tokárová ◽  
Anna Biathová
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Substituted thiophene-2-carbaldehydes 1a-dwere utilized in the synthesis of symmetrically substituted thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles 3a-d. Bis(5,4-d)thiazoles with thiophene core at the termini are the most employed in the chemistry of materials but exhibit insufficient solubility in majority of organic solvents with notable impact on the low yields of products. Accordingly, the synthetic approach towards 2,5-dithiophen- 2-yl-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (3a) and its substituted derivatives 3b-d is discussed under the various reaction conditions. Appropriate structural characterisations are included with emphasis on relationship between structure and physicochemical properties highlighting the UV-Vis and fluorescence.

Application of Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis

Synthesis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (06) ◽  
pp. 1199-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hlaváč ◽  
Kristýna Bürglová
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Phase Chemistry ◽  
Alkali Salts ◽  
Solid Phase Chemistry

Trimethylsilanolate alkali salts are widely used in organic synthesis, mainly due to their solubility in common organic solvents. They are frequently used as nucleophiles in ester hydrolysis, both in solution and solid-phase chemistry. However, they have also been used as mild bases or as specific reagents in some chemical transformations. Reactions employing trimethylsilanolate alkali salts as the key component are typically performed under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the utilization of trimethylsilanolate alkali salts in various organic transformations.1 Introduction2 Properties of Alkali Metal Trimethylsilanolates (TMSO[M])3 Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis4 Conclusion

scholarly journals Green cyclic acetals production by glycerol etherification reaction with benzaldehyde using cationic acidic resin

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kariyn Yamamoto ◽  
Arina Miki Kiyan ◽  
Jackeline Camargo Bagio ◽  
Kayque Araújo Borges Rossi ◽  
Francielle Delabio Berezuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Glycerol Conversion ◽  
Cyclic Acetals ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Acidic Resin

Abstract In this paper, we investigated the effect of temperature, glycerol etherification concentration with benzaldehyde, organic solvent and catalyst reuse effects using a cationic acidic resin as catalyst for production of green cyclic acetals of high commercial value. The best reaction conditions show a conversion above 93% of glycerol and yield to cyclic acetals above 61%. The highest selectivity elements observed were 2-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol, in cis and trans isomer forms reaching 80%. The temperature had a positive effect increasing on glycerol conversion, though it also favored the formation of undesired compounds. A high concentration of benzaldehyde reactant kept the selectivity values constant but increased glycerol conversion resulting in higher yields, mainly when organic solvents were used. Reuse of the catalyst resulted in a slight decrease in yield values, which demonstrated stability and durability of the catalyst used.

SOLUBILIZATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES VIA POLYMER ATTACHMENT

2002 ◽  
Vol 01 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
DARRON E. HILL ◽  
YI LIN ◽  
LAWRENCE F. ALLARD ◽  
YA-PING SUN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Homogeneous Solutions ◽  
Amidation Reaction

Carbon nanotubes were functionalized by polystyrene copolymers, poly(styrene-co-hydroxymethylstyrene) and poly(styrene-co-aminomethylstyrene), under esterification and amidation reaction conditions, respectively. The polymer-attached carbon nanotubes are soluble in common organic solvents, forming colored homogeneous solutions. Results from the characterization of the functionalized carbon nanotubes are presented and discussed.

Selective Cleavage of O-(Dimethoxytrityl) Protecting Group with Sodium Periodate

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Rejman ◽  
Šárka Králíková ◽  
Zdeněk Točík ◽  
Radek Liboska ◽  
Ivan Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
Reaction Conditions

Sodium periodate in aqueous organic solvents selectively removes, under mild reaction conditions, the O-(dimethoxytrityl) protecting group. Selectivity of the cleavage was studied using the nucleoside derivatives protected by various types of groups commonly used in nucleoside and nucleotide chemistry.

scholarly journals Ionic Liquids: Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Ratti
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Material Science ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Volatile Organic

Ionic liquids have emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative to the volatile organic solvents. Being designer solvents, they can be modulated to suit the reaction conditions, therefore earning the name “task specific ionic liquids.” Though primarily used as solvents, they are now finding applications in various fields like catalysis, electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and material science to mention a few. The present review is aimed at exploring the applications of ionic liquids in catalysis as acid, base, and organocatalysts and as soluble supports for catalysts.

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