Association Between Outdoor Air Pollution Levels and Inpatient Outcomes in Pediatric Pneumonia Hospitalizations, 2007 to 2008

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to childhood asthma development. We estimated the burden of incident childhood asthma that may be attributable to outdoor nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) in Europe.MethodsWe combined country-level childhood incidence rates and pooled exposure–response functions with childhood (age 1–14 years) population counts, and exposure estimates at 1 540 386 1 km×1 km cells, across 18 European countries and 63 442 419 children. Annual average pollutant concentrations were obtained from a validated and harmonised European land-use regression model. We investigated two exposure reduction scenarios. For the first, we used recommended annual World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline values. For the second, we used the minimum air pollution levels recorded across 41 studies in the underlying meta-analysis.ResultsNO2 ranged from 1.4 to 70.0 µg·m−3, with a mean of 11.8 µg·m−3. PM2.5 ranged from 2.0 to 41.1 µg·m−3, with a mean of 11.6 µg·m−3. BC ranged from 0.003 to 3.7×10−5 m−1, with a mean of 1.0×10−5 m−1. Compliance with the NO2 and PM2.5 WHO guidelines was estimated to prevent 2434 (0.4%) and 66 567 (11%) incident cases, respectively. Meeting the minimum air pollution levels for NO2 (1.5 µg·m−3), PM2.5 (0.4 µg·m−3) and BC (0.4×10−5 m−1) was estimated to prevent 135 257 (23%), 191 883 (33%) and 89 191 (15%) incident cases, respectively.ConclusionsA significant proportion of childhood asthma cases may be attributable to outdoor air pollution and these cases could be prevented. Our estimates underline an urgent need to reduce children's exposure to air pollution.

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Energy Poverty Influences Urban Outdoor Air Pollution Levels during COVID-19 Lockdown in South-Central Chile

Energy Policy ◽

10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112571 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112571

Author(s):

Aner Martinez-Soto ◽

Constanza Avendaño-Vera ◽

Alex Boso ◽

Alvaro Hofflinger ◽

Matthew Shupler

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Energy Poverty ◽

Central Chile ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

South Central

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Personal, indoor and outdoor air pollution levels among pregnant women

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.09.053 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 ◽

pp. 287-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Anna Schembari ◽

Margarita Triguero-Mas ◽

Audrey de Nazelle ◽

Payam Dadvand ◽

Martine Vrijheid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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Impacts of Outdoor Air Pollution on Human Semen Quality: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/7528901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Jianzhong Zhang ◽

Zhonglin Cai ◽

Chengquan Ma ◽

Jian Xiong ◽

Hongjun Li

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sperm Concentration ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Fragmentation Index ◽

Semen Volume ◽

Mean Differences

Introduction. Several studies have explored the association between outdoor air pollution and semen quality. However, the results were inconsistent. We performed the current meta-analysis to evaluate the role of outdoor air pollution in semen quality. Material and Methods. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched to identify relevant studies. Relative data in participants under higher exposure and lower exposure to air pollution were extracted. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to assess the effects of outdoor air pollution on semen quality. In addition, trial sequential analyses (TSAs) were performed to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of analyses. Results. A total of 11 studies with 4562 males were enrolled in the current meta-analysis. Higher air pollution levels were associated with significant decreases in semen volume (WMD: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.05), sperm concentration (WMD: -5.52, 95% CI: -9.88 to -1.16), progressive motility (WMD: -6.23, 95% CI: -11.64 to -0.81), total motility (WMD: -7.65, 95% CI: -14.09 to -1.20), and normal sperm morphology rate (WMD: -3.71, 95% CI: -5.59 to -1.82). In addition, the DNA fragmentation index significantly increased (WMD: 4.11, 95% CI: 1.94 to 6.29). Conclusions. Air pollution is associated with decreased semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, and normal morphology rate.

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Personal Interventions to Reduce Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution

Annual Review of Public Health ◽

10.1146/annurev-publhealth-052120-103607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert J. Laumbach ◽

Kevin R. Cromar

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Annual Review ◽

Publication Date ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Many Sources

Unhealthy levels of air pollution are breathed by billions of people worldwide, and air pollution is the leading environmental cause of death and disability globally. Efforts to reduce air pollution at its many sources have had limited success, and in many areas of the world, poor air quality continues to worsen. Personal interventions to reduce exposure to air pollution include avoiding sources, staying indoors, filtering indoor air, using face masks, and limiting physical activity when and where air pollution levels are elevated. The effectiveness of these interventions varies widely with circumstances and conditions of use. Compared with upstream reduction or control of emissions, personal interventions place burdens and risk of adverse unintended consequences on individuals. We review evidence regarding the balance of benefits and potential harms of personal interventions for reducing exposure to outdoor air pollution, which merit careful consideration before making public health recommendations with regard to who should use personal interventions and where, when, and how they should be used. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution and Human Cancer

10.1007/978-3-642-78197-1 ◽

1993 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Indoor And Outdoor

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Long-term associations of outdoor air pollution with mortality in Great Britain.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1097449.553514 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Youcheng Liu

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Great Britain ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution

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Outdoor Air Pollution and Depression in Canada: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study from 2011 to 2016

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2450

Author(s):

Ashley K. Dores ◽

Gordon H. Fick ◽

Frank P. MacMaster ◽

Jeanne V. A. Williams ◽

Andrew G. M. Bulloch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Outdoor Air ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Outdoor Air Pollution ◽

Environmental Health Research

To assess whether exposure to increased levels of outdoor air pollution is associated with psychological depression, six annual iterations of the Canadian Community Health Survey (n ≈ 127,050) were used to estimate the prevalence of a major depressive episode (2011–2014) or severity of depressive symptoms (2015–2016). Survey data were linked with outdoor air pollution data obtained from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium, with outdoor air pollution represented by fine particulate matter ≤2.5 micrometers (μm) in diameter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Log-binomial models were used to estimate the association between outdoor air pollution and depression, and included adjustment for age, sex, marital status, income, education, employment status, urban versus rural households, cigarette smoking, and chronic illness. No evidence of associations for either depression outcomes were found. Given the generally low levels of outdoor air pollution in Canada, these findings should be generalized with caution. It is possible that a meaningful association with major depression may be observed in regions of the world where the levels of outdoor air pollution are greater, or during high pollution events over brief time intervals. Future research is needed to replicate these findings and to further investigate these associations in other regions and populations.

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