Th-17 cytokines are associated with severity of Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection in pediatric patients from endemic areas of Mexico

Acta Tropica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana De Alba-Alvarado ◽  
Paz María Salazar-Schettino ◽  
Luis Jiménez-Álvarez ◽  
Margarita Cabrera-Bravo ◽  
Cecilia García-Sancho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Th 17 ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals High seroconversion rates in Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection treated with benznidazole in people under 16 years in Guatemala

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Brum-Soares ◽  
Juan-Carlos Cubides ◽  
Iris Burgos ◽  
Carlota Monroy ◽  
Leticia Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chronic Infection

scholarly journals Investigation on the possibility of spontaneous cure of mice infected with different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juracy B. Magalhães ◽  
Sonia G. Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Blood Examination ◽  
Spontaneous Cure ◽  
Single Exception ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Different Strains

Seventy Swiss mice chronically infected with different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, with persistently negative parasitemia on routine blood examination were parasitologically investigated to find out whether spontaneous cure occurred. Duration of infection varied from 90 to 250 days in the initial phase of this investigation. Parasitological tests consisted of daily direct blood examination performed during at least 25 days, followed by xenodiagnosis and subinoculation of blood into newborn mice. Mice that persisted negative were treated with Cyclophosphamide with one dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight and then investigated by direct blood examination, xenodiagnosis and subinoculation. A second dose of 250 mg/kg b. w. was given to the persistently negative mice. With one single exception, all mice showed positive parasitological tests in the different stages of the present investigation and we conclude that spontaneous cure did not occur in this group, which is representative of the chronic infection with different strains of T cruzi.

scholarly journals Chagas' disease in the Brazilian Amazon: I - a short review

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rodrigues Coura ◽  
Angela Cristina Verissimo Junqueira ◽  
Cristina Maria Giordano ◽  
Ilra Renata Komoda Funatsu
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Ecological Balance ◽  
Domestic Cycle ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Reservoir Hosts

At least eighteen species of triatominae have been found in the Brazilian Amazon, nine of them naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi or "cruzi-like" trypanosomes and associated with numerous wild reservoirs. Despite the small number of human cases of Chagas' disease described to date in the Brazilian Amazon the risk that the disease will become endemic in this area is increasing for the following reasons: a) uncontrolled deforestation and colonization altering the ecological balance between reservoir hosts and wild vectors; b) the adaptation of reservoir hosts of T.cruzi and wild vectors to peripheral and intradomiciliary areas, as the sole feeding alternative; c) migration of infected human population from endemic areas, accompanied by domestic reservoir hosts (dogs and cats) or accidentally carrying in their baggage vectors already adapted to the domestic habitat. In short, risks that Chagas' disease will become endemic to the Amazon appear to be linked to the transposition of the wild cycle to the domestic cycle in that area or to transfer of the domestic cycle from endemic areas to the Amazon.

Molecular diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi/Leishmania spp. coinfection in domestic, peridomestic and wild mammals of Venezuelan co-endemic areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Viettri ◽  
Leidi Herrera ◽  
Cruz M. Aguilar ◽  
Antonio Morocoima ◽  
Jesús Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Endemic Areas

scholarly journals Resolvin D1 Administration Is Beneficial in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline L. Horta ◽  
Tere Williams ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Yanfen Ma ◽  
Ana Paula J. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Resolvin D1 ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Chagas disease is a major public health issue, affecting ∼10 million people worldwide. Transmitted by a protozoan named Trypanosoma cruzi, this infection triggers a chronic inflammatory process that can lead to cardiomyopathy (Chagas disease). Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is a novel proresolution lipid mediator whose effects on inflammatory diseases dampens pathological inflammatory responses and can restore tissue homeostasis. Current therapies are not effective in altering the outcome of T. cruzi infection, and as RvD1 has been evaluated as a therapeutic agent in various inflammatory diseases, we examined if exogenous RvD1 could modulate the pathogenesis of Chagas disease in a murine model. CD-1 mice infected with the T. cruzi Brazil strain were treated with RvD1. Mice were administered 3 μg/kg of body weight RvD1 intraperitoneally on days 5, 10, and 15 to examine the effect of RvD1 on acute disease or administered the same dose on days 60, 65, and 70 to examine its effects on chronic infection. RvD1 therapy increased the survival rate and controlled parasite replication in mice with acute infection and reduced the levels of interferon gamma and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in mice with chronic infection. In addition, there was an increase in interleukin-10 levels with RvD1 therapy in both mice with acute infection and mice with chronic infection and a decrease in TGF-β levels and collagen content in cardiac tissue. Together, these data indicate that RvD1 therapy can dampen the inflammatory response, promote the resolution of T. cruzi infection, and prevent cardiac fibrosis.

Chagas disease: comments on the 2018 PAHO Guidelines for diagnosis and management

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca F Norman ◽  
Rogelio López-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBackgroundChagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a protozoan infectious disease endemic throughout most of the Americas, caused by the trypanosome, Trypanosoma cruzi, and mainly transmitted to humans by reduviid or kissing bugs. Some progress has been achieved in control of the disease mainly in endemic areas, but migration flows have acted as drivers for the emergence of the disease mainly in non-endemic areas of Europe and North America. Most imported cases of Chagas disease in Europe are reported in migrants from highly endemic areas of countries such as Bolivia and Paraguay, and reports of Chagas disease in travellers are extremely rare.MethodsPan American Health Organization (PAHO) recently updated their guidelines on the diagnosis and management of Chagas. These guidelines and their applicability to migrants and travellers are reviewed.ResultsPAHO recommends the use of two serological tests for diagnosis of chronic infection (allowing for the use of a single sensitive test followed by confirmation in special settings such as the screening of potential blood donors). The indication for specific trypanocidal treatment of acute infections, children and women of child-bearing age remains as before, with either benznidazole or nifurtimox being the treatment of choice. For chronic infection with/without organ damage, treatment recommendations are less well defined. Although treatment is generally not recommended in patients with visceral involvement, decisions regarding treatment need to be tailored to the individual. Either benznidazole or nifurtimox may be used for initial treatment.ConclusionsThe recent PAHO Guidelines provide a framework to aid the diagnosis and management of this infection, but several aspects such as the underdiagnosis of infections, the multidisciplinary approach to patient management, the investigation of novel biomarkers of disease progression/response to treatment and the development of new treatment strategies are areas which should be further strengthened.

Trypanosoma cruzi: T-cell-dependent mechanisms of resistance during chronic infection

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Rottenberg ◽  
Rita L. Cardoni ◽  
Angel Sinagra ◽  
Adelina Riarte ◽  
Irene Rodriguez Nantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance

scholarly journals The potential risk of enzootic Trypanosoma cruzi transmission inside four training and re-training military battalions (BITER) in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Cantillo-Barraza ◽  
Jeffer Torres ◽  
Carolina Hernández ◽  
Yanira Romero ◽  
Sara Zuluaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
The Military ◽  
Feeding Sources

Abstract Background Colombia’s National Army is one of the largest military institutions in the country based on the number of serving members and its presence throughout the country. There have been reports of cases of acute or chronic cases of Chagas disease among active military personnel. These may be the result of military-associated activities performed in jungles and other endemic areas or the consequence of exposure to Trypanosoma cruzi inside military establishments/facilities located in endemic areas. The aim of the present study was to describe the circulation of T. cruzi inside facilities housing four training and re-training battalions [Battalions of Instruction, Training en Re-training (BITERs)] located in municipalities with historical reports of triatomine bugs and Chagas disease cases. An entomological and faunal survey of domestic and sylvatic environments was conducted inside each of these military facilities. Methods Infection in working and stray dogs present in each BITER location was determined using serological and molecular tools, and T. cruzi in mammal and triatomine bug samples was determined by PCR assay. The PCR products of the vertebrate 12S rRNA gene were also obtained and subjected to Sanger sequencing to identify blood-feeding sources. Finally, we performed a geospatial analysis to evaluate the coexistence of infected triatomines and mammals with the military personal inside of each BITER installation. Results In total, 86 specimens were collected: 82 Rhodnius pallescens, two Rhodnius prolixus, one Triatoma dimidiata and one Triatoma maculata. The overall T. cruzi infection rate for R. pallescens and R. prolixus was 56.1 and 100% respectively, while T. dimidiata and T. maculata were not infected. Eight feeding sources were found for the infected triatomines, with opossum and humans being the most frequent sources of feeding (85.7%). Infection was most common in the common opossum Didelphis marsupialis, with infection levels of 77.7%. Sylvatic TcI was the most frequent genotype, found in 80% of triatomines and 75% of D. marsupialis. Of the samples collected from dogs (n = 52), five (9.6%; 95% confidence interval: 3.20–21.03) were seropositive based on two independent tests. Four of these dogs were creole and one was a working dog. The spatial analysis revealed a sympatry between infected vectors and mammals with the military population. Conclusions We have shown a potential risk of spillover of sylvatic T. cruzi transmission to humans by oral and vectorial transmission in two BITER installations in Colombia. The results indicate that installations where 100,000 active military personnel carry out training activities should be prioritized for epidemiological surveillance of Chagas disease. Graphical abstract

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