On dry sliding wear of ECAPed Al-Mg-Zn alloy: Wear rate and coefficient of friction relationship

The in situ method of making zinc-aluminum composites wherein TiC has been introduced has been investigated in the present paper for its microstructural, physical, and dry sliding wear behavior and compared with the base alloy. In the present study, ZA-27 alloy reinforced with 5 and 10 vol % TiC was taken into consideration. The results indicate that the wear rate and coefficient of friction of composites were lower than that of base alloy. The material loss in terms of both wear volume loss and wear rate increases with increase in load and sliding distance, respectively, while coefficient of friction follows a reverse trend with increase in load. Better performance was obtained for 5% TiC reinforcement than with 10% probably due to agglomeration of particles resulting in nonuniform dispersion. Worn surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

Download Full-text

INVESTIGATION ON DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE-REINFORCED MAGNESIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x21501067 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2150106

Author(s):

P. C. ELUMALAI ◽

R. GANESH

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Wear Mechanisms ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Normal Load ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Significant Change

In this work, the dry sliding wear behaviors of pure monolithic magnesium and magnesium–titanium dioxide (Mg–TiO2) composites were studied using pin-on-disc tribometer against an oil-hardened nonshrinking die steel (OHNS) counter-disc with a normal load of 0.5–2[Formula: see text]kg and a sliding velocity of 1.5–2.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] with the sliding distance and wear track diameter of 1500[Formula: see text]m and 90[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. The pin samples were characterized for their microstructural, nanomechanical and tribological properties such as wear rate, coefficient of friction and wear fractographs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the worn-out surfaces of each pin sample in order to identify the different types of wear and wear mechanisms and the chemical constituents of each element were quantified by energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The influence of TiO2 reinforcements on the nanomechanical behavior was studied by nanoindentation technique. As compared with pure Mg, the nanoindentation strengths of Mg–1.5TiO2, Mg–2.5TiO2 and Mg–5TiO2 composites were found to increase by 11.9%, 22.2% and 35.8%, respectively, which was due to the addition of TiO2 particles and also due to the good bonding at the interface of TiO2 and magnesium particles. From the wear test results, a significant change in wear rate was observed with the change in normal load than that of sliding speed, whereas a significant change in coefficient of friction was noticed with the changes in both normal load and sliding velocity. The dominant wear mechanisms involved under the testing conditions were identified through plotting the contour maps and SEM fractographs. Also, from the fractographs it was noticed that delamination and plowing effect have been the significant wear mechanisms observed during low wear rate of samples, whereas melting, delamination and oxidation wear have been observed during high wear rate of pure Mg and its composites.

Download Full-text

Microstructural Characterization and Evaluation of Sliding Wear of Hastelloy C276 under Different Loading Conditions

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.l3031.1081219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2841-2845

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Coefficient Of Friction ◽

Frictional Force ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Normal Load ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Material Surface ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Loading Conditions ◽

Sem Images

Hastelloy C276 is investigated for dry sliding wear against an EN 31 stainless steel (hardness 60 HRC) at 298 K. The tribological properties such as frictional force, coefficient of friction and the wear rate on the material surface at different sliding distance are examined under different loading conditions. In the dry wear test at 40 N load, the wear rate increased by 300% as compared to 10, 20, 30 N loading conditions. The experimental results indicated reduction in coefficient of friction values and thus an increase in the frictional force with the increase in normal load. SEM images of worn out surfaces confirm that the delamination and adhesion causes the material removal from the surface in dry sliding. Further, the analysis of the hardness characteristics of worn out surfaces shows surface hardening during sliding wear process under 40 N load

Download Full-text

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of 2218 Al-Alloy-Al2O3(TiO2) Hybrid Composites

Journal of Tribology ◽

10.1115/1.4037697 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 140 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Vineet Tirth

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Aged Alloy ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Al Alloy ◽

Mathematical Relationship ◽

Sliding Distance

AA2218–Al2O3(TiO2) composites are synthesized by stirring 2, 5, and 7 wt % of 1:2 mixture of Al2O3:TiO2 powders in molten AA2218 alloy. T61 heat-treated composites characterized for microstructure and hardness. Dry sliding wear tests conducted on pin-on-disk setup at available loads 4.91–13.24 N, sliding speed of 1.26 m/s up to sliding distance of 3770 m. Stir cast AA2218 alloy (unreinforced, 0 wt % composite) wears quickly by adhesion, following Archard's law. Aged alloy exhibits lesser wear rate than unaged (solutionized). Mathematical relationship between wear rate and load proposed for solutionized and peak aged alloy. Volume loss in wear increases linearly with sliding distance but drops with the increase in particle wt % at a given load, attributed to the increase in hardness due to matrix reinforcement. Minimum wear rate is recorded in 5 wt % composite due to increased particles retention, lesser porosity, and uniform particle distribution. In composites, wear phenomenon is complex, combination of adhesive and abrasive wear which includes the effect of shear rate, due to sliding action in composite, and abrasive effect (three body wear) of particles. General mathematical relationship for wear rate of T61 aged composite as a function of particle wt % load is suggested. Fe content on worn surface increases with the increase in particle content and counterface temperature increases with the increase in load. Coefficient of friction decreases with particle addition but increases in 7 wt % composite due to change in microstructure.

Download Full-text

Optimization of dry sliding wear parameters of recursive friction stir processed aluminium 7075 alloy

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part J Journal of Engineering Tribology ◽

10.1177/1350650120941615 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135065012094161

Author(s):

G Girish ◽

V Anandakrishnan

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Wear Testing ◽

Wear Behaviour ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Friction Stir ◽

Sliding Distance

In this work, the dry sliding wear behaviour of recursively friction stir processed AA7075 was investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing apparatus. The microstructure of the processed specimen was probed using optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi experimental design by varying three different parameters like load, sliding velocity and sliding distance, and the analysis of variance was performed to identify the influence of the parameters over the wear rate. From the main effect plot, the combination of 9.81 N of load, 2 m/s of sliding velocity and a sliding distance of 2000 m was identified as the optimum levels that minimize the wear rate. The regression model was developed to calculate the wear rate, and the validation test was performed with the optimum parameter combination and compared with the experimental results. Wear tracks were examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy to identify the type of wear mechanism.

Download Full-text

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Titanium Metal Powder Filled Aluminum Alloy Composites for Gear Application

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.877.118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 877 ◽

pp. 118-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashiwani Kumar ◽

Amar Patnaik ◽

I.K. Bhat

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Alloy ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Metal Powder ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Research Work ◽

Casting Machine ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Titanium Metal

In the current research work, the influence of titanium metal powder on wear beheviour of Al 7075 composites is investigated. These composites were fabricated by using the high vacuum casting machine. The Tribological beheviour of titanium metal powder aluminum alloy composites was investigated by performing dry sliding experiments as a function of wear with a E-31 harden steel disk( 62 HRC) as the counterpart on pin on disk machine . Wear experiments were performed for normal load of 20, 35, 50 , 65 and 80 N at sliding velocities of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25 m/s and sliding distance (250 ,500, 750, 1000 and 1250 m at room temperature. The tests were performed on Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array and the effect of working parameters on wear rate was studied using ANOVA. To investigate the dominant sliding wear mechanism for different steady state experiment conditions, the SEM micrograph of worn surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The wear rate was found to minimum as compared to unfilled alloy and the wear resistance improves the aluminum alloy composites. Finally, it was investigated that the analysis of microstructure and wear properties of titanium metal powder filled alloy composite.

Download Full-text

Garnet and Al-flyash composite under dry sliding conditions

Journal of Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0021998317742709 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (17) ◽

pp. 2281-2288 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S Sivakumar ◽

S Senthil Kumaran ◽

M Uthayakumar ◽

A Daniel Das

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Wear Behavior ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Wear Testing ◽

Wear Behaviour ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding

The dry sliding wear behaviour of LM 24 aluminum alloy composites reinforced with garnet particles was evaluated. Stir casting technique was used to fabricate the composites. A pin-on-disc wear-testing machine was used to evaluate the wear rate, in which an EN 24 steel disc was used as the counterface. Results indicated that the wear rates of the composites were lower than that of the matrix alloy and further decreased with the increase in garnet content. However, in both unreinforced and reinforced composites, the wear rate increased with the increase in load and the sliding speed. Increase in the applied load increased the wear severity by changing the wear mechanism from abrasion to particle cracking-induced delamination wear. It was found that with the increase in garnet content, the wear resistance increased monotonically. The observations have been explained using scanning electron microscopy analysis of the worn surfaces and the subsurface of the composites. In this work, the most influencing input and output parameters have been performed and the process parameters have been prioritized using genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the most influencing input as well as output process parameters. The practical significance of applying genetic algorithm to dry sliding wear behavior process has been validated by means of computing the deviation between predicted and experimentally obtained wear behavior of metal matrix composite.

Download Full-text

Effects of Primary Si and Applied Load on the Dry Sliding Wear Behaviors of Hypereutectic Al-20Si Alloy

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.490-491.83 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 490-491 ◽

pp. 83-87

Author(s):

Qing Lin Li ◽

Tian Dong Xia ◽

Ye Feng Lan ◽

Yi Sheng Jian

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Applied Load ◽

Rate Increase ◽

Treatment Temperature ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Wear Properties ◽

Primary Si

The effects of the primary Si phase and applied load on the dry sliding wear behaviors of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy were investigated. The results show that coarse polygonal and star-like primary Si was refined into fine blocky shape by increasing superheat treatment temperature. The friction coefficient and wear rate significantly decrease after decreasing the size and changing the morphology of primary Si. Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate increase with the increase of applied load. Therefore, the wear properties are greatly influenced by the parameters like morphology and size of primary Si as well as applied load.

Download Full-text

A Study on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites at Room Temperature

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.219 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 766-767 ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N.G. Siddeshkumar ◽

G.S. Shiva Shankar ◽

S. Basavarajappa

Keyword(s):

Wear Rate ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Hybrid Composites ◽

Base Material ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Specific Wear Rate ◽

Wear Behaviour ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Sliding Wear Behaviour

An attempt has been made to study the dry sliding wear behaviour of Aluminium based hybrid composites in room temperature.Al 2219 is used as base material with B4C and MoS2 as reinforcements. The hybrid composite were prepared by conventional stir casting technique. The dry sliding wear test were carried out for various parameters like sliding distance, applied load and sliding speed. The Optical Microscope and SEM results showed the presence of B4C and MoS2, which are fairly uniform and randomly dispersed on matrix material.XRD analysis, shown the presence of B4C and MoS2 phases in the prepared composites.The incorporation of reinforcement particles B4C and MoS2 reduces the specific wear rate of composites. The addition of MoS2 as a secondary reinforcement has significant effect on reducing specific wear rate of prepared composites. By using SEM worn surface of hybrid composites were studied.

Download Full-text

Dry sliding wear performance of AA7075/MoS2 composite materials

Journal of Engineering Research ◽

10.36909/jer.11447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

R. Kousik Kumaar ◽

◽

K. Somasundara Vinoth ◽

Kavitha M ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Response Surface ◽

Sliding Wear ◽

Specific Wear Rate ◽

Dry Sliding Wear ◽

Dry Sliding ◽

Sliding Velocity ◽

Molybdenum Disulphide ◽

Pin On Disc

This article aims in exploring the dry sliding wear performances on the aluminum (AA7075) metal matrix composites reinforced with molybdenum disulphide which is a solid lubricant using response surface methodology (RSM). Specific Wear Rate (SWR) for the AA7075 pure alloy, AA7075+2wt% molybdenum disulphide and AA7075+4wt% molybdenum disulphide were measured according to ASTM G99 standards in pin-on-disc apparatus. Design of experiments was selected with changed parameters like the varying percentage of molybdenum disulphide (%), applied load (N), and sliding velocity (m/s) based on Central Composite Design in response surface methodology considering them as continuous factors. Experiments for the specific wear rate of pure alloy and the composites were conducted. The volume loss was measured using the pin-on-disc apparatus from which the specific wear rate value was calculated. The obtained results are analyzed and a mathematical model was formulated using the response surface methodology. The optimum level parameters for the specific wear rate has been identified and the results of the experiment specify that the sliding velocity and molybdenum disulphide percentage have a substantial role in controlling the wear behaviour of composites when compared with the other parameter. The optimum condition for the specific wear rate was identified and experimented with for studying the result.

Download Full-text