727: Long-term pediatric gastrointestinal morbidity of singletons conceived following fertility treatments

Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e. g., ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type (e.g., organic vs. inorganic), and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. The objective of this research was to compare the long-term effect of different fertility treatments in a corn (Zea mays L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotation on taxonomic and functional structure and composition of weed communities by analyzing the soil weed seedbank. After 14 years of a long-term experiment in Aurora, NY, United States, soils were sampled in five fertility treatments for corn years in the rotation: liquid dairy manure, semi-composted separated dairy solids; or inorganic nitrogen (N) as starter fertilizer with either no sidedress N, a low rate or a high rate of inorganic N as sidedress fertilizer. Soil was collected in early spring 2015 and a greenhouse weed seed germination bioassay was used to quantify the germinable soil weed seedbank. Total weed seedbank density, species richness, and evenness did not vary by treatment. However, fertility treatments modified the ecological niche represented by 20 environmental descriptors, which filtered the weed community creating distinct functional group assemblages. A trait-based analysis revealed that nitrophilic dicotyledons preferring alkaline soil were associated with high concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer, whereas highly specialist monocotyledons preferring high amounts of light were associated with low concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer. Because fertility treatments affected weed community composition but not seed bank density and richness, results encourage the development of holistic management strategies that adopt coherent weed management and crop fertilization.

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286 PRODUCTION OF NORMAL MICE USING LONG-TERM PRESERVED MOUSE SPERMATOZOA WITHOUT FREEZING

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv23n1ab286 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 241

Author(s):

C. Li ◽

E. Mizutani ◽

T. Ono ◽

T. Wakayama

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Blastocyst Stage ◽

Isolation Medium ◽

Safety Issues ◽

Fertility Treatments ◽

Preservation Method ◽

Refrigerator Temperature ◽

Nuclear Isolation

Mammalian spermatozoa preservation now plays an important role in fertility treatments, generating hybrid animals and protecting endangered and extinct species. To date, the most common method of sperm preservation is freezing in liquid nitrogen (LN2). However, this method requires constant supplementation of LN2 and also presents some safety issues involved in transporting LN2. Here we describe a new sperm preservation method that does not involve freezing. Mouse spermatozoa were cultured in four basic media (HEPES–Chatot-Ziomele-Barister’s medium (HCZB), KSOM, K+-rich nuclear isolation medium (NIM), and PBS) with or without 10% BSA or 15% Ficoll as a cryoprotectant, and preserved in a refrigerator for up to 6 months. These preserved sperm were then injected into fresh oocytes and cultured to the blastocyst stage in vitro or transferred into recipient females to demonstrate their genetic integrity. Oocytes injected with 1-month-preserved spermatozoa in NIM and PBS showed significantly higher blastocyst rates (22.8% and 18.9%) than those in HEPES-CZB and KSOM (1-way ANOVA, P < 0.05). In embryos with 3-month-preserved spermatozoa in NIM or PBS with BSA or Ficoll, 5.3–24.0%; P < 0.05 of embryos, (n = 1056) developed to the blastocyst stage, and the developmental ratio was not decreased even for 6-month preservation (13.6–18.2%; P > 0.05). Surprisingly, 18 pups were obtained using spermatozoa stored in those mediums for 6 months. Moreover, this new method allowed easy production of healthy offspring even after transporting spermatozoa between two countries by aircraft at room temperature without any protection. In conclusion, this method allows for easy long-term preservation of mouse spermatozoa in a simple, modified medium at refrigerator temperature with very low cost and wide application.

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THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS LONG-TERM SOIL FERTILITY TREATMENTS ON THE PHOSPHORUS STATUS OF A CLAY CHERNOZEM

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss66-005 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. D. Spratt ◽

E. V. McCurdy

Keyword(s):

Relative Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Optimum Level ◽

Monoammonium Phosphate ◽

Yield Data ◽

Fertility Treatments ◽

A Value ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Phosphorus Status

Experiments were started in 1945 to study the effectiveness of various rates of monoammonium phosphate and barnyard manure for wheat production on an Indian Head clay Chernozem. The yield data indicate that the various long-term treatments have changed the relative yield potential of their respective plots. Over the years, the responses of wheat to the various treatments have changed, with the higher rates of amendments giving progressively higher yield increases while the lower rates have given less significant yield increases. Soil tests and 'A' value data from subplots show that the plots which had high rates of amendments have phosphorus values much higher than the plots which received no amendments. The use of moderate rates of monoammonium phosphate for the past 20 years has maintained the phosphorus fertility of the Indian Head soil near an optimum level.

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LONG-TERM EFFECTS ON WOMEN OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTION

International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care ◽

10.1017/s0266462399015159 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 36-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Julia Shelley ◽

Alison Venn ◽

Judith Lumley

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Stimulation ◽

Reproductive Technology ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Multiple Births ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Fertility Treatments ◽

Drug Regimens ◽

Almost All

The long-term health sequelae for women from assisted reproductive technology (ART) have not been studied extensively. There are a number of reasons that women's health may be compromised after ART procedures, including the consequences of the increased incidence of multiple births, operative deliveries, and preterm infants, the possible adverse effects of the drug regimens used for ovarian stimulation, and the instrumentation involved in ART procedures. In this paper we review the existing literature in these areas. It emphasizes the effects of the drugs used for ovarian stimulation, and in particular the incidence of cancer among women who have undergone ART. The review indicates that there is cause for concern about the long-term effects on women from ART treatments. It highlights the lack of research undertaken in almost all areas related to women's long-term health after ART. In the area of ART and cancer, it draws attention to the lack of conclusive evidence in relation to the posited association between fertility treatments and cancer, resulting from the limited number of very large studies and the need for longer follow-up periods. We make a number of recommendations regarding further research that is needed to address the current shortcomings in the published literature.

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