Long-Term Soil Nutrient Management Affects Taxonomic and Functional Weed Community Composition and Structure

Weed communities can be influenced by nutrient availability, nutrient form (e. g., ammonium vs. nitrate), amendment timing, amendment type (e.g., organic vs. inorganic), and by immigration of seeds during amendment applications. The objective of this research was to compare the long-term effect of different fertility treatments in a corn (Zea mays L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotation on taxonomic and functional structure and composition of weed communities by analyzing the soil weed seedbank. After 14 years of a long-term experiment in Aurora, NY, United States, soils were sampled in five fertility treatments for corn years in the rotation: liquid dairy manure, semi-composted separated dairy solids; or inorganic nitrogen (N) as starter fertilizer with either no sidedress N, a low rate or a high rate of inorganic N as sidedress fertilizer. Soil was collected in early spring 2015 and a greenhouse weed seed germination bioassay was used to quantify the germinable soil weed seedbank. Total weed seedbank density, species richness, and evenness did not vary by treatment. However, fertility treatments modified the ecological niche represented by 20 environmental descriptors, which filtered the weed community creating distinct functional group assemblages. A trait-based analysis revealed that nitrophilic dicotyledons preferring alkaline soil were associated with high concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer, whereas highly specialist monocotyledons preferring high amounts of light were associated with low concentrations of inorganic N fertilizer. Because fertility treatments affected weed community composition but not seed bank density and richness, results encourage the development of holistic management strategies that adopt coherent weed management and crop fertilization.

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Agricultural Management Affects the Active Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Composition and Nitrification

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00651-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guillaume Bay ◽

Conard Lee ◽

Chiliang Chen ◽

Navreet K. Mahal ◽

Michael J. Castellano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Quality ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Community Composition ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Agricultural Management ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Rhizosphere Bacterial Community

Crops in simplified, low-diversity agroecosystems assimilate only a fraction of the inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs. Much of this N fertilizer is lost to the environment as N oxides, which degrade water quality and contribute to climate change and loss of biodiversity.

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Seedbank and Emerged Weed Communities Following Adoption of Glyphosate-Resistant Crops in a Long-Term Tillage and Rotation Study

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-08-147.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 261-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lynn M. Sosnoskie ◽

Catherine P. Herms ◽

John Cardina ◽

Theodore M. Webster

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Indicator Species ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Management Program ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Continuous Corn ◽

Weed Communities ◽

Rotation Study

The compositions of the germinable weed seedbank and aboveground weed communities in a long-term tillage and rotation study were characterized 4, 5, and 6 yr (2002 to 2004) after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybean. Averaged across rotation, mean germinable weed seed density and diversity were greatest in the no-tillage treatment as compared to the minimum- and conventional-tillage treatments. Averaged over tillage, density and diversity were greater in the corn–oat–hay (ryegrass + alfalfa) system as compared to the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotations. Similar trends in density and diversity were observed for the aboveground weed communities. Differences in community composition among treatments were quantified with the use of a multiresponse permutation procedure. Results indicated that the weed seedbank community in a corn–oat–hay rotational system differed from the communities associated with the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotational systems. Weed seedbank communities developing under a no-tillage operation differed from those in minimum- and conventional-tillage scenarios. Compositional differences among the aboveground weed communities were less pronounced in response to tillage and rotation. Indicator species analyses indicated that the number of significant indicator weed species was generally higher for no tillage than minimum or conventional tillage for both the seedbank and the aboveground weed communities. The number of significant indicator species for the seedbank and weed communities was generally greater in the three-crop rotation as compared to the continuous corn and corn–soybean rotations. The trends observed in density, diversity, and community composition after the adoption of glyphosate-tolerant corn and soybeans, and a glyphosate-dominated weed management program, were also observed when soil-applied herbicides were included in the study. We suggest that the switch to a POST-glyphosate protocol did not significantly alter weed communities in the short term in this study.

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Weed Communities in Strip-Tillage Corn/No-Tillage Soybean Rotation and Chisel-Plow Corn Systems after 10 Years of Variable Management

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2018.40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 651-661

Author(s):

Nathaniel M. Drewitz ◽

David E. Stoltenberg

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cropping System ◽

Production Costs ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Communities ◽

Chisel Plow ◽

Strip Tillage

AbstractPrevious research has shown that strip-tillage (ST) systems conserve soil, reduce production costs, and save time for growers compared with intensive-tillage systems. In contrast to these well-documented benefits, we have limited information on weed community dynamics and management risks in ST corn (Zea maysL.) production systems in the northern Corn Belt. Therefore, we conducted research in 2015 and 2016 to characterize weed community composition, emergence patterns, and aboveground productivity in an ST corn/no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation that was established in 2007 compared with a long-term intensive-tillage chisel-plow (CP) continuous-corn system. Fifteen or more weed species were identified in nontreated quadrats in each cropping system in each year. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) was the most abundant weed species across systems and years.Chenopodium albumdensities were similar between CP and ST corn phases and were approximately 2-fold greater compared with the NT soybean phase. Other abundant weed species occurred at much lower densities thanC. album. In each year, cumulative emergence of nontreated weed communities was described best by a logistic function in each cropping system. Maximum weed community emergence was greater in CP corn than ST corn phases in 2015, but did not differ in 2016. In the ST corn phase, most (about 75%) weed community emergence occurred in the in-row (tilled) zone compared with the between-row (nondisturbed) zone. Total late-season weed shoot biomass did not differ between nontreated CP and ST corn phases in either year, withC. albumaccounting for >85% of total weed biomass in these phases. These results suggest that weed community composition, total emergence, and productivity were similar between CP and ST corn phases after 10 yr. Our findings, coupled with previous research that showed favorable agronomic performance and greater soil conservation associated with the long-term ST corn/NT soybean system, suggest that production risks are no greater than a CP corn system, while processes that underpin ecosystem services are enhanced. These results provide strong evidence to support grower adoption of ST practices as an alternative to intensive tillage.

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Effect of long-term mineral fertilizer application on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community composition

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/658/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 571-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chen Yanling ◽

Liu Jintao ◽

Liu Shutang

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Community Composition ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Soil Bacterial Community ◽

Soil Bacterial

Soil bacteria are critical to maintain soil fertility. In this study, soil chemical properties, enzyme activities and soil bacterial community from a long-term fertilizer experiment (37 years) were analysed to elaborate the effects of long-term mineral fertilizer application on soil enzyme activities and bacterial community composition. Compared with control treatment, bacterial community richness was reduced in low nitrogen (N) fertilizer and high N fertilizer treatments and increased in high N fertilizer and phosphorus (P), high N fertilizer and potassium (K) (N2K), and high N fertilizer, P and K (N2PK) treatments. The distribution of each phylum and genera was obviously changed and the range of the dominant phyla was not affected in all fertilization treatments. Principal component analysis showed that soil bacterial community in the N2K treatment was clearly different than in the N2PK treatment. The N2PK treatment had much higher available P, total organic carbon, invertase, urease and phosphatase activities than the N2K treatment, which might change soil bacterial community composition. In conclusion, fertilization with combined application of P, K and N in appropriate proportions is an optimum approach for improving soil quality and soil bacterial community abundance in non-calcareous fluro-aquic soils in the North China Plain.

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SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REMOVAL OF NUTRIENTS BY CORN RESULTING FROM DIFFERENT RATES AND TIMING OF LIQUID DAIRY MANURE APPLICATIONS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss81-005 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. L. B. CULLEY ◽

P. A. PHILLIPS ◽

F. R. HORE ◽

N. K. PATNI

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

High Rate ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Sandy Clay Loam ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Soil Inorganic N ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Uptake Of Nutrients

Liquid dairy cattle manure was applied at three rates (224, 560 and 879 kg/(ha∙yr) of manure nitrogen (N)) and four different times: in the fall after harvest of silage corn, before seeding, half in the fall and half before seeding, or in winter to continous corn grown on sandy clay loam for 5 yr. Two other plots were included: one received chemical N-P-K fertilizer at recommended rates, and one received neither fertilizer nor manure. Over the 5-yr study, soil organic carbon increased in the surface layer of the high-rate plots, but decreased in the chemically fertilized plot. Soil inorganic N contents measured at harvest in the 0- to 120-cm layer of the manured plots were related to both cumulative and annual N inputs. Bicarbonate extractable phosphorus in the 0- to 15-cm layer increased each year in the medium- and high-rate plots and exceeded 90 μg/g in the high-rate plots after 5 yr. Exchangeable potassium levels increased singificantly in the plow layer of the medium- and high-rate plots. Smaller accumulations occurred in the winter-applied plots than in the fall- and spring-applied plots. Uptake of nutrients by the corn crop increased with manure rate, but generally was not affected by time of application.

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Long-Term Fertilization Affects Soil Microbiota, Improves Yield and Benefits Soil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10111664 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1664

Author(s):

Felix R. Kurzemann ◽

Ulrich Plieger ◽

Maraike Probst ◽

Heide Spiegel ◽

Taru Sandén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Fungal Community ◽

Bacterial Community Composition ◽

Farmyard Manure ◽

Maize Yield ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Fungal Community Composition ◽

Mineral N ◽

Soil Microbiota

Fertilization of soil is needed to fulfill the growing demand for livestock feed and human food requirements. However, fertilization has short and long-term impacts on the soil microbiota. These, in turn, may influence plant viability and growth. We investigated the soil microbiota of a 27-year field trial, focusing on the influences of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilization, different composts and combinations of compost plus mineral N as soil amendments. Two N rates (0 and 80 kg per ha) and four different composts (urban organic waste compost (OWC) green waste compost (GC), farmyard manure (MC) compost and sewage sludge compost (SSC)) were used. Soil samples for this study were taken in 2018 after the growing season of maize. In addition to maize yield, the effects on soil physicochemical properties and the soil microbiota were analyzed. There was a trend for increased maize yields for all fertilizers; however, only the application of GC and SSC in combination with mineral N fertilizer showed significant effects. The different organic amendments influenced physicochemical soil properties. Phosphorus concentrations were three times higher in plots receiving SSC (≈312 mg kg−1) and SSC + N (≈297 mg kg−1) than control (≈89 mg kg−1) or mineral N fertilizer (≈97 mg kg−1) alone. Magnesium concentrations in plots treated with SSC (≈74 mg kg−1) were lower compared to soils treated with GC and MC, respectively (≈135 mg kg−1 and 126 mg kg−1). Bacteria exceeded the fungal community in terms of both richness and diversity. While the bacterial community composition differed significantly among the treatments, the fungal community composition was rather unaffected. Our conclusion is that composts produced from various substrates serve as valuable nutrient sources for plants and can partially substitute mineral N. In addition, composts increased soil microbial biomass and modulated the composition of the soil’s microbial community.

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Long‐term inorganic nitrogen application changes the ammonia‐oxidizing archaeal community composition in paddy soils

European Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.1111/ejss.13112 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sandipan Samaddar ◽

Jaak Truu ◽

Poulami Chatterjee ◽

Kristjan Oopkaup ◽

Marika Truu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Archaeal Community ◽

Paddy Soils ◽

Nitrogen Application

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Poultry Manure with Inorganic Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v5i1.5204 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 101-108

Author(s):

MA Baset Mia ◽

Sanjida Akter ◽

AH Molla ◽

GKM Mustafizur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Inorganic N ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Weight Yield

An experiment was conducted at the research farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU) in 2004 to investigate the effect of poultry manure along with inorganic N-fertilizer on the nutrient uptake, growth and yield of onion. The onion (Allium cepa L.) cv. Taherpuri was grown under six treatments viz. recommended dose of inorganic N (115 kg ha-1, 100% N), 75% of inorganic N + 5 t ha-1 poultry manure, 50% inorganic N + 10 t ha-1 poultry manure, 25% inorganic N + 15 t ha-1 poultry manure, 15 t ha-1 poultry manure and absolute control (without poultry manure and inorganic N). Plant height, total dry matter, single bulb weight, yield and nutrients uptake at different growth stages of onion varied significantly due to application of poultry manure and inorganic- N fertilizer. Among the treatments, the highest yield (10.1t ha-1) and yield attributes of onion were recorded under the application of 50% inorganic N with 10 t ha-1 of poultry manure, which was 14% higher compared to 100% inorganic-N fertilizer. The higher nutrient uptake viz. N, P and K was noted in plot where poultry manure was applied at 10 t ha-1 along with 50% inorganic-N. It is concluded that application of 10 t ha-1 poultry manure was enough to reduce 50% inorganic-N in onion cultivation.

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Impacts of reduced inorganic N:P ratio on three distinct plankton communities in the Humboldt upwelling system

10.1101/550046 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kristian Spilling ◽

Maria-Teresa Camarena-Gómez ◽

Tobias Lipsewers ◽

Alícia Martinez-Varela ◽

Francisco Díaz-Rosas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Trophic Transfer ◽

N:P Ratio ◽

Plankton Community ◽

Humboldt Current ◽

Term Change ◽

Plankton Community Structure ◽

Plankton Communities

AbstractThe ratio of inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus (NP) is projected to decrease in the Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) due to warming of the surface waters. In an enclosure experiment, we employed two levels of NP ratios (10 and 5) for three distinct plankton communities collected along the coast of central Chile (33°S). The primary effect of the NP treatment was related to different concentrations of NO3, which directly influenced the biomass of phytoplankton. Additionally, low inorganic NP ratio reduced the seston NP and Chla-C ratios, and there were some effects on the plankton community composition, e.g. benefittingSynechococcusspp in some communities. One of the communities was clearly top down controlled and trophic transfer to grazers was up to 5.8% during the 12 day experiment. Overall, the initial plankton community composition was more important for seston stoichiometry and trophic transfer than the inorganic NP ratio. Any long term change in the plankton community structure will likely have greater impact than direct effects of a decreasing inorganic NP ratio on the Humboldt Current ecosystem.

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