THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS LONG-TERM SOIL FERTILITY TREATMENTS ON THE PHOSPHORUS STATUS OF A CLAY CHERNOZEM

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Spratt ◽  
E. V. McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
A Value ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Status

Experiments were started in 1945 to study the effectiveness of various rates of monoammonium phosphate and barnyard manure for wheat production on an Indian Head clay Chernozem. The yield data indicate that the various long-term treatments have changed the relative yield potential of their respective plots. Over the years, the responses of wheat to the various treatments have changed, with the higher rates of amendments giving progressively higher yield increases while the lower rates have given less significant yield increases. Soil tests and 'A' value data from subplots show that the plots which had high rates of amendments have phosphorus values much higher than the plots which received no amendments. The use of moderate rates of monoammonium phosphate for the past 20 years has maintained the phosphorus fertility of the Indian Head soil near an optimum level.

scholarly journals Factors causing yield gap in rape seed production in the eastern of Mazandaran province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Esmail Nezamzade ◽  
Afshin Soltani ◽  
Salman Dastan ◽  
Hossein Ajamnoroozi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Yield Gap ◽  
Line Analysis

The reduction of yield gap and achievement yield potential of oil plants make a significant contribution to yield increases and oil production in developing countries. This research was carried out to investigate the factors causing yield gap associated with rape seed crop management in the Neka region, east of the Mazandaran province, Iran, through a field study during 2015-2016 and 2016- 2017. Boundary line analysis (BLA) was only applied to crop management practices/inputs, e.g. sowing date and rate, fertilizer applications, etc. Boundary lines were fitted to the edge of the data cloud of crop yield versus management variables in data. The average yield in 100 farms was 2051 kg/ha. According to findings of BLA, an average yield, based on the optimum level of the 14 studied variables, was 3032 kg/ha with a 981 kg/ha yield gap per hectare. The average relative yield and relative yield gap for the 14 investigated variables were 68.35% and 31.65%, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the boundary line analysis in yield gap studies can clearly show the yield responses to management factors and calculate the possible potentials. Thus, cultivation practice management of the studied variables in farmers’ fields can lead to increased yield and reduced yield gap.

scholarly journals Different soil fertility conditions depending on different land use methods

2012 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Sándor Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Term Field

In precision nutrient management the most important aspect is adaptation but we should consider the possibility of the long-term improvement of soil fertility within the less fertile landscape zones.  This possibility can be evaluated principally by long-term field experiments, which are running on similar soil types. The results of these field experiments can indicate that which soil fertility status should be attained. Some more important soil fertility data, (such as pH, P-, K- and soil organic matter (SOM) content) of a long-term field  experiment with increasing farmyard manure(FYM) doses or equivalent NPK fertilizers, set up on an Eutric cambisol, are presented. The yieldincreasing capacity of FYM doses was only 82%, as compared to the equivalent amount of mineral NPK, but long-term FYM treatments resulted in 10% higher SOM content than that of equivalent NPKfertilizer doses. The studies indicate that SOM content is a function of local climate and clay content of the soil, and neither long-term high FYM doses can increase SOM content steadily above a supposed steady-state value. However we have to make efforts to keep the optimum level. The lowest soil reactions developed both with the highest NPK doses and without any fertilization. AL-P2O5 content of soil was increased more by mineral fertilization than by FYM treatments, but in case of AL-K2O content there was no difference between the fertilization variants. However the highest doses of both fertilization  variants increased soil nutrient content to an excessive degree. Wecould get very valuable data from the unfertilized control plots as well, where long-term yield data suppose 48 kg ha-1 year-1 air-borne N-input.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring of Different Field Traffic Management Practices in Cereals Production with Support of Satellite Images and Yield Data in Context of Climate Change

Agronomy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Vladimír Rataj ◽  
Jitka Kumhálová ◽  
Miroslav Macák ◽  
Marek Barát ◽  
Jana Galambošová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Term Monitoring

Cereals in Europe are mainly grown with intensive management. This often leads to the deterioration of the physical properties of the soil, especially increasing bulk density due to heavy machinery traffic, which causes excessive soil compaction. Controlled traffic farming (CTF) technology has the potential to address these issues, as it should be advantageous technology for growing cereals during climate change. The aim of this study was to compare the yield potential of CTF and standardly used random traffic farming (RTF) technology using yield maps obtained from combine harvester and satellite imagery as a remote sensing method. The experiment was performed on a 16-hectare experimental field with a CTF system established in 2009 (with conversion from a conventional (ploughing) to conservation tillage system). Yield was compared in years when small cereals were grown, a total of 7 years within a 13-year period (2009–2021). The results show that CTF technology was advantageous in dry years. Cereals grown in the years 2016, 2017 and 2019 had significantly higher yields under CTF technology. On the contrary, in years with higher precipitation, RTF technology had slightly better results—up to 4%. This confirms higher productivity when using CTF technology in times of climate change.

scholarly journals 727: Long-term pediatric gastrointestinal morbidity of singletons conceived following fertility treatments

2018 ◽  
Vol 218 (1) ◽  
pp. S436-S437
Author(s):  
Avi Harlev ◽  
Tamar Wainstock ◽  
Asnat Walfisch ◽  
Idit Segal ◽  
Daniella Landau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Treatments

scholarly journals Geostatistical analysis of crop yield maps in a long term no tillage system

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Guedes Filho ◽  
Sidney Rosa Vieira ◽  
Marcio Koiti Chiba ◽  
Célia Regina Grego
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
The North ◽  
Tillage System

It is known, for a long time, that crop yields are not uniform at the field. In some places, it is possible to distinguish sites with both low and high yields even within the same area. This work aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of some crop yields and to identify potential zones for site specific management in an area under no-tillage system for 23 years. Data were analyzed from a 3.42 ha long term experimental area at the Centro Experimental Central of the Instituto Agronômico, located in Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The crop yield data evaluated included the following crops: soybean, maize, lablab and triticale, and all of them were cultivated since 1985 and sampled at a regular grid of 302 points. Data were normalized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistical tools in order to demonstrate and describe the structure of the spatial variability. All crop yields showed high variability. All of them also showed spatial dependence and were fitted to the spherical model, except for the yield of the maize in 1999 productivity which was fitted to the exponential model. The north part of the area presented repeated high values of productivity in some years. There was a positive cross correlation amongst the productivity values, especially for the maize crops.

Critical Period for Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Pickling Cucumber

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-591
Author(s):  
Samuel J. McGowen ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Pickling Cucumber ◽  
Cucumber Yield

AbstractField studies were conducted in North Carolina to determine the critical period for Palmer amaranth control (CPPAC) in pickling cucumber. In removal treatments (REM), emerged Palmer amaranth were allowed to compete with cucumber for 14, 21, 28, or 35 d after sowing (DAS) in 2014 and 14, 21, 35, or 42 DAS in 2015, and cucumber was kept weed-free for the remainder of the season. In the establishment treatments (EST), cucumber was maintained free of Palmer amaranth by hand removal until 14, 21, 28, or 35 DAS in 2014 and until 14, 21, 35, or 42 DAS in 2015; after this, Palmer amaranth was allowed to establish and compete with the cucumber for the remainder of the season. The beginning and end of the CPPAC, based on 5% loss of marketable yield, was determined by fitting log-logistic and Gompertz equations to the relative yield data representing REM and EST, respectively. Season-long competition by Palmer amaranth reduced pickling cucumber yield by 45% to 98% and 88% to 98% during 2014 and 2015, respectively. When cucumber was planted on April 25, 2015, the CPPAC ranged from 570 to 1,002 heat units (HU), which corresponded to 32 to 49 DAS. However, when cucumber planting was delayed 2 to 4 wk (May 7 and May 21, 2014 and May 4, 2015), the CPPAC lasted from 100 to 918 HU (7 to 44 DAS). This research suggested that planting pickling cucumber as early as possible during the season may help to reduce competition by Palmer amaranth and delay the beginning of the CPPAC.

Long-term endocrine disorders in children born from pregnancies conceived following fertility treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 105132
Author(s):  
Naama Steiner ◽  
Tamar Wainstock ◽  
Eyal Sheiner ◽  
Asnat Walfisch ◽  
Idit Segal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Fertility Treatments

scholarly journals Brown and Yellow Rust of Wheat in India –Significance of Climate on It’s Races and Resistance

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-91
Author(s):  
Katravath Srinivas ◽  
Shaik Moizur Rahman ◽  
Manu Yadav ◽  
Mamta Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Significant Yield

Wheat is one of the most important staple food crops having global economic significance. Grown globally around 215 million hectares area with production of more than 600 million tons. Wheat is constrained in its production due to several biotic factors, among them yellow rust of wheat, Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici Eriks and Henn. (Pst) and brown rust of wheat, Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici (Eriks. and E. Henn.) D.M. Henderson (Ptr) continues to be a serious threat and dominant factor limiting its yield potential globally. The estimated yield losses range from 10-70%, while in a severe epidemic the grain damage can be as great as 100%. Pathogens are considered to be favoured by the cooler areas but current races are more adaptable to high temperatures causing significant yield reduction in wheat. In India, prevalent pathotypes for yellow rust include 46S119, 110S119, and 238S119. Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, YrSp, and YrSk genes are resistant to Pst pathotypes in Indian conditions, while in the case of leaf rust of wheat, prevalent pathotypes are 77-5, 77-9, and 104-2. Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr32, Lr39, Lr45, and Lr47 are the genes having resistance to Ptr pathotypes in Indian conditions. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the stripe and leaf rusts of wheat in India and their virulent races, types of host resistance and provides a tool for effective management of wheat rust disease.

Time-dependent phrenic nerve responses to carotid afferent activation: intact vs. decerebellate rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. R811-R819 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Hayashi ◽  
S. K. Coles ◽  
K. B. Bach ◽  
G. S. Mitchell ◽  
D. R. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Carotid Sinus ◽  
Carotid Sinus Nerve ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Afferent Activation ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Long Term Facilitation

The objectives were to determine 1) respiratory responses to carotid chemoreceptor inputs in anesthetized rats and 2) whether the cerebellar vermis plays a role in these responses. A carotid sinus nerve was stimulated (20 Hz) with five 2-min trains, each separated by approximately 3 min. During stimulation, respiratory frequency (f), peak amplitude of integrated phrenic nerve activity (integral of Phr), and their product (f x integral of Phr) immediately increased. As stimulation continued, integral of Phr progressively increased to a plateau [short-term potentiation (STP)], but f and f x integral of Phr decreased [short-term depression (STD)] to a value still above control. Upon stimulus termination, integral of Phr progressively decreased but remained above control; f and f x integral of Phr transiently decreased below baseline. After the final stimulation, integral of Phr remained above control for at least 30 min [long-term facilitation (LTF)]. Repeated 5-min episodes of isocapnic hypoxia also elicited STP, STD, and LTF. Vermalectomy lowered the CO2-apneic threshold and eliminated LTF. In conclusion, carotid chemoreceptor activation in rats elicits STP and LTF similar to that in cats; the vermis may play a role in LTF. A new response, STD, was observed.

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