High antibody levels in cord blood from pregnant women vaccinated against COVID-19

Abstract. Very little immunological research has been undertaken in pregnant diabetic women in relation to insulin therapy. We investigated the relations between treatment with insulins of varied immunogenic character and the presence of immune factors such as insulin antibodies, immune complexes and insulin antiinsulin complexes as well as some maternal and neonatal complications of diabetic pregnancy. 128 insulin treated diabetic pregnant women and 121 of their newborns were included in the study. The incidence of insulin antibodies, immune complexes and insulin antiinsulin complexes was lower in patients treated with highly purified insulins than in those treated with conventional insulins. The insulin antibody levels were significantly related to the occurrence of maternal and neonatal morbibity. The presence of insulin antiinsulin complexes in the cord blood of infants of diabetic mothers was related to the presence of these complexes in their mothers. Our results seem to indicate that the use of highly purified insulin could favour the outcome of diabetic pregnancy.

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Prevalence of Protective Measles Virus Antibody Levels in Umbilical Cord Blood Samples in Catalonia, Spain

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00356-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 691-694 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pedro Plans ◽

Josep Costa ◽

Angela Domínguez ◽

Núria Torner ◽

Eva Borras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Measles Virus ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Virus Antibody ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Measles Vaccination ◽

The Mean ◽

Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The prevalence of protective antibody levels (>160 mIU/ml) in neonates was 98.5%. The mean measles virus antibody level was 3,406 mIU/ml and increased with maternal age. Measles vaccination was reported by 42% of pregnant women and decreased with age.

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Transfer of Maternal Immunity to Newborns of Diabetic Mothers

Clinical and Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/2012/928187 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Eduardo Luzía França ◽

Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon ◽

Elisa Lima Vieira ◽

Glilciane Morceli ◽

Adenilda Cristina Honorio-França

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽

Plasma Antibody ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Immunoglobulin Levels ◽

Diabetic Mothers ◽

Superoxide Release

This study was carried out with hyperglycemic pregnant women to investigate the transfer of antibody classes to newborns across the placenta or by colostrum and the functional activity of phagocytes in maternal blood, cord blood, and colostrum from diabetes mothers. Samples from maternal blood, cord blood, and colostrum were collected from 20 normoglycemic and 20 hyperglycemic pregnant women. We determined antibodies levels, superoxide release, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of phagocytes. We demonstrated that IgG levels in cord blood were higher in the hyperglycemic group. IgA and IgM levels were higher in maternal than in cord blood samples. Plasma antibody levels were lower in hyper- than in normoglycemic women. The colostrum of diabetic mothers had lower IgA and IgG levels. Colostrum and maternal blood phagocytes when exposed to EPEC increased the superoxide release. Cord blood phagocytes of hyperglycemic group, independently of bacteria, had higher superoxide release. Colostrum and blood phagocytes from diabetic group exhibited some phagocytic and microbicidal activity in response to EPEC. Mononuclear phagocytes from cord blood had the lowest phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity for EPEC, regardless of glycemic status. These data showed that hyperglycemia altered IgG transfer across the placenta and decreases immunoglobulin levels in maternal blood and colostrum.

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Management of Haemophilia A with Antibodies - The Effect of Combined Treatment with Factor VIII, Hydrocortisone and Cyclophosphamide

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660131 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (04) ◽

pp. 776-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

U Hedner ◽

L Tengborn

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Factor Ix ◽

Treatment Schedule ◽

High Antibody ◽

Anamnestic Response ◽

Short Intervals ◽

Low Responders ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

High Responders

SummaryImmune tolerance has by several methods been induced in haemophiliacs with antibodies. A conversion of “high responders” into “low responders” was previously reported after repeated moderate factor IX doses over periods of 7-10 days in combination with cyclophosphamide and steroids in two patients with haemophilia B and inhibitors. This paper reports similar results in a heamophilia A patient by giving factor VIII, cyclophosphamide, and steroids during relatively short periods of time (7-8 days). The anamnestic response markedly decreased already following the first treatment and never exceeded a level of 1 u/ml (˜ 3 BU/ml) even when boosted with ordinary factor VIII doses for only 3 days. It is concluded that the markedly decreased secondary antibody response is most probably the result of factor VIII given at short intervals (twice a day) for periods of up to about one week when given in combination with cyclophosphamide and steroids. The same effect may be achieved by other methods. The treatment schedule suggested in the present paper is, however, simple and avoids long periods of high antibody levels. Furthermore, the total factor VIII dose used is lower than suggested in most other treatment schedules, which makes the treatment substantially less expensive.

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Treatment of maternal hyperthyroidism with antithyroid agents and changes in thyrotrophin and thyroxine in the newborn

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0970186 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 186-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

B.-A. Lamberg ◽

E. Ikonen ◽

K. Teramo ◽

G. Wägar ◽

K. Österlund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Test ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Antithyroid Drug ◽

Clinical Indication ◽

Antithyroid Drugs ◽

Serum Thyroxine ◽

Antithyroid Agents ◽

Serum Tsh

Abstract. Eleven pregnant women with concomitant hyperthyroidism were treated with antithyroid drugs. At monthly intervals serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured with radioimmunoassay, the Sephadex uptake of radioactive triiodothyronine (T3U) determined and the free T4 and T3 indices calculated (FT4I, FT3I). TSH-binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) were determined by the radiomembrane assay. Serum TSH and T4 were measured at delivery from cord blood and/or from the newborn infants some days after birth. Serum TSH was significantly elevated in one infant. There was an inadequate post-partal rise in serum T4 concentration in this child and in another who showed only a marginal elevation of TSH. The mothers of these infants were given carbimazole in doses of 30 and 25 mg/day, respectively, at the time of delivery. No significant changes were seen in other infants, the daily doses being 20 mg of carbimazole or less. There was no clinical indication of hypo- or hyperthyroidism in any of the newborn. The TBII were positive in most patients and there was a trend of normalization during treatment. No relationship between the dose of antithyroid drug and the level of TBII could be seen. During treatment the dose was adjusted according to the FT3I values. This seems to be an adequate laboratory test for this purpose.

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Sertraline concentrations in pregnant women are steady and the drug transfer to their infants is low

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-021-03122-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

E. Heinonen ◽

M. Blennow ◽

M. Blomdahl-Wetterholm ◽

M. Hovstadius ◽

J. Nasiell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Relative Difference ◽

Interindividual Variation ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽

Second Trimester ◽

P450 Enzyme ◽

Placental Passage

Abstract Purpose Sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is one of the most commonly used antidepressant during pregnancy. Plasma sertraline concentrations vary markedly between individuals, partly explained by variability in hepatic drug metabolizing cytochrome P450-enzyme activity. Our purpose was to study the variability in the plasma concentrations in pregnant women and the passage to their infants. Method Pregnant women with moderate untreated depression were recruited in 2016–2019 in Stockholm Region and randomized to treatment with sertraline or placebo. All received Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy as non-medical treatment. Sertraline plasma concentrations were measured around pregnancy weeks 21 and 30, at delivery, 1-month postpartum, in cord blood and at 48 h of age in the infant. The clinical course of the infants was followed. Results Nine mothers and 7 infants were included in the analysis. Median dose-adjusted sertraline concentration in second trimester was 0.15(ng/mL) /(mg/day), in third trimester and at delivery 0.19 and 1-month postpartum 0.25, with a 67% relative difference between second trimester and postpartum. The interindividual variation was 10-fold. Median concentrations in the infants were 33% and 25% of their mothers’, measured in cord blood, and infant plasma, respectively. Only mild and transient adverse effects were seen on the infants. Conclusion Placental passage of sertraline to the infant is low. However, the interindividual variation in maternal concentrations during pregnancy is huge, why therapeutic drug monitoring might assist in finding the poor metabolizers at risk for adversity and increase the safety of the treatment. Trial registration The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov July 9, 2014 with TRN: NCT02185547.

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Maternal understanding of commercial cord blood storage for their offspring - a survey among pregnant women in Hong Kong

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01201.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 90 (9) ◽

pp. 1005-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

STEPHEN SIK HUNG SUEN ◽

TERENCE T LAO ◽

OI KA CHAN ◽

THOMAS KAM ON KOU ◽

SAMMY CHUNG SUM CHAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Blood Storage

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Biomarkers for a histological chorioamnionitis diagnosis in pregnant women with or without group B streptococcus infection: a case-control study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03731-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Ren ◽

Zhe Qiang ◽

Yuan-yuan Li ◽

Jun-na Zhang

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Group B ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Chorioamnionitis may cause serious perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes, and group B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common bacteria isolated from human chorioamnionitis. The present study analyzed the impact of GBS infection and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) on pregnancy outcomes and the diagnostic value of various biomarkers. Methods Pregnant women were grouped according to GBS infection and HCA detection. Perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes were recorded with a follow-up period of 6 weeks. The white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level from peripheral blood and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels from cord blood were assessed. Results A total of 371 pregnant women were included. Pregnant women with GBS infection or HCA had a higher risk of pathological jaundice and premature rupture of membranes and higher levels of sICAM-1, IL-8, and TNF-α in umbilical cord blood. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that sICMA-1, IL-8, TNF-α, WBC, and CRP were significantly related to an increased HCA risk. For all included pregnant women, TNF-α had the largest receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area (area: 0.841; 95% CI: 0.778–0.904) of the biomarkers analyzed. TNF-α still had the largest area under the ROC curve (area: 0.898; 95% CI: 0.814–0.982) for non-GBS-infected pregnant women, who also exhibited a higher neutrophil ratio (area: 0.815; 95% CI: 0.645–0.985) and WBC (area: 0.849; 95% CI: 0.72–0.978), but all biomarkers had lower value in the diagnosis of HCA in GBS-infected pregnant women. Conclusion GBS infection and HCA correlated with several perinatal and neonatal adverse outcomes. TNF-α in cord blood and WBCs in peripheral blood had diagnostic value for HCA in non-GBS-infected pregnant women but not GBS-infected pregnant women.

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1483. Maternal Tdap Vaccination During Pregnancy and Immune Response: A Comparison Between Infants Born to Mothers Primed with Acellular or Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccines

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1664 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S743-S743

Author(s):

Fiona Havers ◽

Tami Skoff ◽

Marcia Rench ◽

Monica Epperson ◽

Jarad Schiffer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Severe Infection ◽

The United States ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Primary Series ◽

Gestational Age At Delivery ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Lower Birthweight

Abstract Background Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines replaced whole cell pertussis (wP) vaccines for the recommended childhood primary series in the United States in 1997. As women primed with aP vaccines in childhood enter reproductive age, it is unknown how maternal aP-priming will impact pertussis protection conferred to infants through Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis) vaccination during pregnancy. Methods Infants born at term to women who had been vaccinated with Tdap at 27-36 weeks’ gestation and ≥ 14 days prior to delivery were included. Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of pertussis-specific antibodies (measured in IU/mL) in umbilical cord blood of infants born to women born after 1997 (aP vaccine primed) were compared with those born to women born before 1992 (wP vaccine primed). Results 253 and 506 neonates born to aP- and wP-primed women, respectively, were included. Compared with wP-primed women, aP-primed women were younger (19.3 v. 24.5 years), more likely to be Hispanic or non-Hispanic black and to have infants with lower birthweight (3264 v. 3392 grams, p< 0.01 for all). Gestation at Tdap receipt, gestational age at delivery, and interval between Tdap administration and delivery were not statistically different. Antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) were significantly lower among neonates born to aP-primed versus wP-primed mothers (PT: 17.3 v. 36.4, GMC ratio 0.475 (0.408 – 0.552) (Figure); FHA: 104.6 v. 121.4, GMC ratio 0.861 (0.776 – 0.958)). No significant differences were observed between the aP and wP-primed groups for anti- fimbriae (FIM) or anti-pertactin (PRN) antibodies ((FIM: 469.6 v. 577.2, GMC ratio 0.81 (CI 0.65 – 1.01); PRN 338.8 v. 292.6, GMC ratio 1.16 (CI 0.99 – 1.35)). Figure. Distribution of anti-PT antibody levels in cord blood in infants born to women who were primed with whole cell pertussis compared with acellular pertussis vaccines in childhood.* Conclusion The type of pertussis vaccine a woman received during childhood significantly impacted her response to Tdap vaccination during pregnancy; the largest reduction was in anti-PT antibodies thought to be most important in preventing severe infection in infants. These findings suggest that infants born to aP-primed women who received Tdap during pregnancy may have less passive protection against pertussis during the first months of life than those born to wP-primed women. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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