Relation of Borderline Peripheral Arterial Disease to Cardiovascular Disease Risk

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1226-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Menke ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Rachel P. Wildman ◽  
Albert W. Dreisbach ◽  
Paolo Raggi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

scholarly journals Vitamin D as A Protector of Arterial Health: Potential Role in Peripheral Arterial Disease Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Murali Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Atherosclerotic occlusive diseases and aneurysms that affect large and medium-sized arteries outside the cardiac and cerebral circulation are collectively known as peripheral arterial disease (PAD). With a rise in the rate of aging population worldwide, the number of people diagnosed with PAD is rapidly increasing. The micronutrient vitamin D is an important steroid hormone that acts on many crucial cellular mechanisms. Experimental studies suggest that optimal levels of vitamin D have beneficial effects on the heart and blood vessels; however, high vitamin D concentrations have been implicated in promoting vascular calcification and arterial stiffness. Observations from various clinical studies shows that deficiency of vitamin D has been associated with a greater risk of PAD. Epidemiological studies have often reported an inverse relation between circulating vitamin D status measured in terms of 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, randomized controlled trials did not show a consistent positive effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disease risk or events. Even though PAD shares all the major risk factors with cardiovascular diseases, the effect of vitamin D deficiency in PAD is not clear. Current evidence suggests a strong role of vitamin D in promoting genomic and epigenomic changes. This review summarises the current literature that supports the notion that vitamin D deficiency may promote PAD formation. A better understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms will open up new therapeutic possibilities which is the main unmet need in PAD management. Furthermore, epigenetic evidence shows that a more holistic approach towards PAD prevention that incorporates a healthy lifestyle, adequate exercise and optimal nutrition may be more effective in protecting the genome and maintaining a healthy vasculature.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Arterial Duplex, Toe-Brachial Index, and Computed Tomography Angiography Examinations in Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Case Presentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-528
Author(s):  
Alexander Viduetsky ◽  
Matthew Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Toe Brachial Index ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) commonly results from progressive narrowing of arteries in the extremities because of atherosclerosis. More than 8 million people in the United States have PAD. The majority of individuals with PAD are seniors with one or more cardiovascular disease risk factors. Because patients with PAD may be asymptomatic, the true incidence of PAD may be underreported. Accurate and timely diagnosis of PAD is very important for optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Ankle-Brachial Index: Nurses Strategy To Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Identification

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Daniela Luisa Maggi ◽  
Leyla Regina Dal Piva de Quadros ◽  
Karina de Oliveira Azzolin ◽  
Silvia Goldmeier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Elevated risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events is associated with high prevalence of peripheral arterial disease, with assessment through the ankle-brachial index (ABI). This study aimed to demonstrate that the ABI and the Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire are tools to be used by nurses in prevention and/or treatment of CVD (cardiovascular disease). A cross-sectional study was carried out with patients from a cardiovascular clinic. The Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire was applied and the ABI was measured with the formula (ABI= Blood Pressure Ankle/Blood Pressure Brachial). A total of 115 patients were included, most were females (57.4%), aged 60.6 ± 12.5 years. The most prevalent risk factors were hypertension (64.3%), physical inactivity (48.7%) and family history (58.3%). The study showed that abnormal ABI was frequently found and 42.6% of the patients with abnormal ABI showed intermittent claudication. The method to evaluate the ABI associated to the Edinburg Claudication Questionnaire, can be easily used by nurses in the clinical evaluation of asymptomatic and symptomatic CVD patients.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment in Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Jin Hwa Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Include Heart Failure

Diabetes has become an increasing issue in the last century and even more pressing in the last few decades due to the exponential rise of obesity and has become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and excess fatty acids increase oxidative stress, disrupt protein kinase C signaling, and increase advanced glycation end-products that result in vascular inflammation, vasoconstriction, thrombosis, and atherogenesis. Compared to non-diabetics, those with diabetes carry a higher mortality risk from CVD across ethnicity and sex. The most common cardiovascular manifestations in those with diabetes include heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary heart disease. CVD risk assessment in diabetes can present an opportunity for preventive strategies and decreased mortality for people with diabetes.

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