Adenoid measurement accuracy: A comparison of lateral skull film, flexible endoscopy, and intraoperative rigid endoscopy (gold standard)

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV), with or without choroid plexus cauterization (±CPC), is a technique used for the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Rigid or flexible neuroendoscopy can be used, but few studies directly compare the two techniques. Here, the authors sought to compare these methods in treating pediatric hydrocephalus. METHODS A systematic MEDLINE search was conducted using combinations of keywords: “flexible,” “rigid,” “endoscope/endoscopic,” “ETV,” and “hydrocephalus.” Inclusion criteria were as follows: English-language studies with patients 2 years of age and younger who had undergone ETV±CPC using rigid or flexible endoscopy for hydrocephalus. The primary outcome was ETV success (i.e., without the need for further CSF diversion procedures). Secondary outcomes included ETV-related and other complications. Statistical significance was determined via independent t-tests and Mood’s median tests. RESULTS Forty-eight articles met the study inclusion criteria: 37 involving rigid endoscopy, 10 involving flexible endoscopy, and 1 propensity scored–matched comparison. A cumulative 560 patients had undergone 578 rigid ETV±CPC, and 661 patients had undergone 672 flexible ETV±CPC. The flexible endoscopy cohort had a significantly lower average age at the time of the procedure (0.33 vs 0.53 years, p = 0.001) and a lower preoperatively predicted ETV success score (median 40, IQR 32.5–57.5 vs 62.5, IQR 50–70; p = 0.033). Average ETV success rates in the rigid versus flexible groups were 54.98% and 59.65% (p = 0.63), respectively. ETV-related complication rates did not differ significantly at 0.63% for flexible endoscopy and 3.46% for rigid endoscopy (p = 0.30). There was no significant difference in ETV success or complication rate in comparing ETV, ETV+CPC, and ETV with other concurrent procedures. CONCLUSIONS Despite the lower expected ETV success scores for patients treated with flexible endoscopy, the authors found similar ETV success and complication rates for ETV±CPC with flexible versus rigid endoscopy, as reported in the literature. Further direct comparison between the techniques is necessary.

Download Full-text

An algorithm for retrieval tools in foreign body ingestion and food impaction in children

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doaa051 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ergun Ergun ◽

Ufuk Ates ◽

Gulnur Gollu ◽

Kutay Bahadir ◽

Aydin Yagmurlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Material Removal ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Flexible Endoscopy ◽

Foreign Body Ingestion ◽

Food Impaction ◽

Endoscopic Techniques ◽

Rigid Endoscopy ◽

Removal Technique ◽

Button Batteries

Summary The aim of this study is to review the experience on managing foreign body ingestion in children with special emphasis on the endoscopic techniques and specific retrieval devices used for foreign body (FB) extraction. The charts of 341 children were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, ingested material, removal technique and tool, level of FB, complications, and outcomes were recorded. A total of 364 FBs were removed from 341 children. Among these, 56.5% (n: 206) were entrapped in esophagus, 39% (n: 142) were in stomach, and 4.5% (n: 16) in duodenum and intestine. The most frequently ingested items were coin (42.5%), button batteries (20.6%), and safety pins (12%). Optical forceps (37.9%) were the most commonly used tool and they were used during retrieval of esophageal FB by rigid endoscopy. Retrieval net (20.7%) was the second most common tool and the most common one during flexible endoscopy. Depending on our experience, we strongly advocate rigid endoscopy for esophageal FBs and food impaction in children because it allows both to use optical forceps with a strong grasping ability for blunt FBs and to position sharp and pointed objects inside the rigid endoscope. We recommend retrieval net as the first tool for the extraction of blunt objects and rat tooth retrieval forceps is the best tool for sharp and pointed FBs in stomach.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated With the Accuracy of Depth Gauge Measurements

Frontiers in Surgery ◽

10.3389/fsurg.2021.774682 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Pengcheng Liu ◽

Joanna Xi Xiao ◽

Chen Zhao ◽

Xiaodong Li ◽

Guantong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Measurement Accuracy ◽

Bone Screws ◽

Accuracy Rate ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Accuracy Of Measurements ◽

Measurement Efficiency ◽

Depth Gauge ◽

Gauge Measurement

Background: It is important to select appropriate screws in orthopedic surgeries, as excessively long or too short a screw may results failure of the surgeries. This study explored factors that affect the accuracy of measurements in terms of the experience of the surgeons, passage of drilled holes and different depth gauges.Methods: Holes were drilled into fresh porcine femurs with skin in three passages, straight drilling through the metaphysis, straight drilling through the diaphysis, and angled drilling through the diaphysis. Surgeons with different surgical experiences measured the holes with the same depth gauge and using a vernier caliper as gold standard. The length of selected screws, and the time each surgeon spent were recorded. The measurement accuracy was compared based on the experiences of the surgeons and the passage of drilled holes. Further, parameters of depth gauges and 12-mm cortical bone screws from five different manufacturers were measured.Results: A total of 13 surgeons participated in 585 measurements in this study, and each surgeon completed 45 measurements. For the surgeons in the senior, intermediate, and junior groups, the average time spent in measurements was 689, 833, and 785 s with an accuracy of 57.0, 42.2, and 31.5%, respectively. The accuracy and measurement efficiency were significantly different among the groups of surgeons (P < 0.001). The accuracy of measurements was 45.1% for straight metaphyseal drilling, 43.6% for straight diaphyseal drilling, and 33.3% for angled diaphyseal drilling (P = 0.036). Parameters of depth gauges and screws varied among different manufacturers.Conclusion: Both observer factor and objective factors could affect the accuracy of depth gauge measurement. Increased surgeon's experience was associated with improvements in the accuracy rate and measurement efficiency of drilled holes based on the depth gauge. The accuracy rate varied with hole passages, being the lowest for angled drilled holes.

Download Full-text

Fish bones in the vallecula and tongue base: removal with the rigid nasal endoscope

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/00222150260293682 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 116 (10) ◽

pp. 842-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julian Savage ◽

Natalie Brookes ◽

Simon Lloyd ◽

Ian Mackay

Keyword(s):

Simple Procedure ◽

Flexible Endoscopy ◽

Tongue Base ◽

General Anaesthetic ◽

Nasal Endoscope ◽

Rigid Endoscopy ◽

Fish Bones ◽

Visual Aid

The tongue base and vallecula are common anatomical sites for impaction of inadvertently swallowed fish bones. Many techniques for their removal have been described but this apparently simple procedure can still pose a surgical challenge. We describe a previously unreported technique using rigid endoscopy with the 4 mm 30 degree Hopkins’ rod as a visual aid for transoral removal of the impacted bone. The technique has proved to be very well tolerated by the patient and more acceptable in terms of morbidity, time and resources than either flexible endoscopy or rigid endoscopy under general anaesthetic.

Download Full-text

Preliminary comparison of vibration measurement accuracy between a low cost, portable acceleration measurement unit and a gold-standard accelerometer system

Applied Ergonomics ◽

10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 103268

Author(s):

Benjamin Pierson ◽

Paul Faestel ◽

June T. Spector ◽

Peter Johnson

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Measurement Accuracy ◽

Low Cost ◽

Vibration Measurement ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Acceleration Measurement ◽

Preliminary Comparison

Download Full-text

Foreign bodies in adult upper digestive tract: a series of 30 cases

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180728 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 575

Author(s):

Nirmal Kumar Jayaraman ◽

Vikram V. J. ◽

Kalaiselvi M. ◽

Sudha M.

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Flexible Endoscopy ◽

Oesophageal Perforation ◽

Rigid Endoscopy ◽

Upper Digestive Tract ◽

Madras Medical College ◽

Sharp Foreign Body

Background: Rigid endoscopy under general anaesthesia has traditionally been used by otolaryngologist for diagnosis and management of variety of disorders affecting the upper digestive tract including the removal of foreign body. Smooth foreign bodies does not pose much threat but may cause airway obstruction. Sharp foreign bodies, if not removed the earliest may penetrate oesophageal wall and cause complications.Methods: A Retrospective analysis was done for patients who underwent rigid oesophaghoscopy under general anaesthesia for 30 patients of foreign body ingestion at Upgraded Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, between November 2016 – November 2017. The records of age, sex, co-morbidities, X-ray finding, complications were recorded. Results: Majority of adults in this group belonged to 40-50 years age. The most common foreign body impacted was chicken bone totalling 16. 2 patients of denture ingestion were referred for flexible endoscopy after failed attempt, 1 developed oesophageal perforation.Conclusions: Rigid endoscopy is the gold standard for removal of sharp foreign body as the sharp ends can be clasped and brought in to the endoscope there by preventing damage to the mucosa. Foreign body with multiple sharp ends which cannot be negotiated into rigid endoscope, should be pushed into the stomach and attempted removal by cutting sharp ends of foreign body or by gastrostomy, as pulling such foreign body will lead to full length tear of oesophagus leading to morbidity and mortality.

Download Full-text

Error-Correction Processing in Timing Lights for Measuring Sprint Performance: Does It Work?

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2017-0596 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1400-1402

Author(s):

Stefan Altmann ◽

Steffen Ringhof ◽

Benedikt Becker ◽

Alexander Woll ◽

Rainer Neumann

Keyword(s):

Error Correction ◽

Gold Standard ◽

Measurement Errors ◽

High Speed ◽

Measurement Accuracy ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Upper Body ◽

High Speed Camera ◽

Improve Measurement ◽

Almost All

Purpose: To investigate if error-correction-processing (ECP) algorithms in timing lights are able to eliminate or reduce measurement errors (MEs) and false signals due to swinging arms or legs. Methods: First, a dummy was used to check if ECP generally works. Second, 15 male sport students performed sprints over 5 and 10 m. Timing lights with ECP and a high-speed camera as a gold standard were used to simultaneously capture the athletes when passing the timing lights at start, 5 m, and 10 m. MEs of the timing lights were calculated for hip and upper body. Results: The dummy condition revealed that ECP is able to eliminate MEs. In real sprint conditions, MEs were highest for timing light at start and when using the hip as a reference. Overall, out of 120 trials, only 4 false signals were not detected by ECP. They all occurred at the start timing light, with highest MEs being 0.263 s (hip) and 0.134 s (upper body). Regarding 5 and 10 m, all false signals were eliminated. Conclusions: As proven through video analyses, ECP eliminated almost all false signals. The largest MEs at the start timing light were associated with a distinct forward leaning of the athletes. Therefore, clear instructions concerning starting posture should be given to further improve measurement accuracy of the start timing light. This approach could also enhance comparisons between athletes. Nevertheless, based on the results, timing lights employing ECP can be recommended for measuring short sprints.

Download Full-text

Impact of quality trimming on the efficiency of reads joining and diversity analysis of Illumina paired-end reads in the context of QIIME1 and QIIME2 microbiome analysis frameworks

BMC Bioinformatics ◽

10.1186/s12859-019-3187-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Attayeb Mohsen ◽

Jonguk Park ◽

Yi-An Chen ◽

Hitoshi Kawashima ◽

Kenji Mizuguchi

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Measurement Accuracy ◽

Hypervariable Region ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Progressive Decrease ◽

Microbiome Analysis ◽

Sequencing Quality ◽

Microbiome Data ◽

Required Quality ◽

Microbiome Data Analysis

Abstract Background To increase the accuracy of microbiome data analysis, solving the technical limitations of the existing sequencing machines is required. Quality trimming is suggested to reduce the effect of the progressive decrease in sequencing quality with the increased length of the sequenced library. In this study, we examined the effect of the trimming thresholds (0–20 for QIIME1 and 0–30 for QIIME2) on the number of reads that remained after the quality control and chimera removal (the good reads). We also examined the distance of the analysis results to the gold standard using simulated samples. Results Quality trimming increased the number of good reads and abundance measurement accuracy in Illumina paired-end reads of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. Conclusions Our results suggest that the pre-analysis trimming step should be included before the application of QIIME1 or QIIME2.

Download Full-text