The contribution of biogeographical ancestry and socioeconomic status to racial/ethnic disparities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from the Boston Area Community Health Survey

Objectives: (1) To seek the association between chronic HCV infection and type 2 diabetes, mellitus. (2) To verify the effect of age, sex, socioeconomic status, obesity and presence of cirrhosis on the association of chronic HCV infection. Design. Case control study. Setting: DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad. Subjects: The subjects were divided into two groups. One was with positive anti-HCV antibody on ELISA method and other was without liver disease and negative for anti-HCV. Both the groups contained 500 subjects each and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Intervention: After a brief interview regarding age, residence, family history of diabetes, socioeconomic status, both the groups underwent weight and height measurements. The body mass was calculated according to the formulae. Ultrasonography of abdomen was done of all the patients of study groups to assess the liver status. Main outcome measures: Chi – squaretest was applied to see the association and then odds ratio was calculated to check the strength of association. Results: Diabetes mellitus was detected in 174 patients (34.8%) out of 500 patients in the group A as compared to 30 patients (6%) out of 500 patients in the group B. having chisquare value of 127.69 and significance of 0.000 with HCV +/ HCV- Odds ratio 0.120 and 95% CI0.079-0.181. Conclusions: There is strongassociation between HCV infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Severity of Liver Disease was strong associated factor.

Download Full-text

Strategies to support healthy food choices for adults living with low socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes mellitus: an integrative literature review

10.24124/2021/59184 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Jade Leavitt

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Literature Review ◽

Low Socioeconomic Status ◽

Food Choices ◽

Healthy Food ◽

Low Socioeconomic

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing concern in Canada, with low socioeconomic status being a major risk factor. This review explores strategies to improve food access that promote healthy food choices among people experiencing food insecurity and living with T2DM. Whittemore and Knalf’s (2015) integrative literature review methodology was used to extract and analyse the evidence. Four key strategies emerged: 1) promoting healthy food affordability through incentives and disincentives, 2) understanding effective and ineffective food interventions, 3) enhancing nutritional education in the standard of care, and 4) manifesting empowerment through self-efficacy and diabetes management. These strategies can be applied by nurse practitioners within primary care. Aligned with a population health approach, they can direct practice, education, and research through healthy public policy focused on reducing the incidence of T2DM, particularly in people experiencing food insecurity.

Download Full-text

PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN KANDAHAR CITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine ◽

10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.3/art.1101 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 26-35

Author(s):

Abdul Wahed Wasiq ◽

Najibullah Fazli ◽

Abdul Nasir Ahadi ◽

Mohammad Zakariya Amirzada ◽

Mohammad Sami Hayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Population

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a life long duration and generally of gradual progression. Beside the upward trend in the prevalence rate, diabetes and its complications also have a significant economic impact on countries and their health systems. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with socioeconomic status (SES) in the urban population of Kandahar city. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2019 to May 2019 in the urban area of Kandahar province. A total of 1308 subjects, 837 (64%) women and 471 (36%) men, were included in the study. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, dietary intake and physical activity were collected in a standardized questionnaire. Diagnosis of diabetes was established according to the WHO criteria. Mean age (SD) was significantly higher in men than in women (50.3 (14.4) vs. 44.9 (11.4) years). The difference in BMI was not significant between men and women (28.1 vs. 28.7 kg/m2). Majority of the study population was aged 40-54 years (46.3%), married (86.7%), illiterate (87.4%), and obese (39%). 6.6% were tobacco smokers, higher in men (13.6%) than in women (2.6%). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity and central obesity was 15.2%, 25.5%, 39%, and 67.1%, respectively. In this study population, it could be suggested that socioeconomic factors are associated with T2DM and socioeconomic status is worth further investigation nationwide to properly understand the role of SES.

Download Full-text