Socio-demographic Correlates of Diabetes Self-reporting Validity: An Adult’s Kurdish Population-based Study

Background: The aim was to assess the validity of self-reported according to the demographic and socio-economic feature in a the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS)Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analytical study on 4400 subjects aged 35-70 years of DehPCS. The reference for having diabetes was oral hypoglycemic drug consumption, insulin injection, or high FBS representing diabetes. Self-reported diabetes status was investigated by well-trained interviewers before the identification of diabetes status based on reference criteria. The validity criteria of self-reported diabetes were assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Socio-demographic correlates of self-reported agreement were examined by multinomial logistic regression. Results: 3996 agreed to participate in this study (participation=90.8%). The diabetes prevalence among the study population was 13.1% based on self-report and 9.7% based on reference. Of the 523 people who reported diabetes, 213 (41.28%) did not have diabetes. We found a good agreement of 92.3% with an acceptable kappa value of 65.1% between self-reported diabetes and reference. Self-reported diabetes also guaranteed sensitivity of 78.5%, specificity of 93.9%, positive and negative predictive value of 58.7% and of 98.0% respectively. Female, higher economic class, higher BMI, and family history of diabetes were increased the chance of false positive. Being male and aging and moderate economic class increased the chance of false positive. Conclusion: Self-reported diabetes is identified as a relatively valid tool that could fairly determine the diabetes prevalence in epidemiological studies. It should be noted that its validity is influenced by some socio-demographic characteristics.

The Gut Microbiome Modifies the Association between a Mediterranean Diet and Diabetes in US Hispanic / Latino Population

Context The interrelationships among the gut microbiome, the MedDiet and a clinical endpoint of diabetes is unknown. Objectives To identify gut microbial features of a MedDiet and examine whether the association between MedDiet and diabetes varies across individuals with different gut microbial profiles. Methods This study included 543 diabetes, 805 prediabetes and 394 normoglycemic participants from a cohort study of US Hispanic/Latino men and women. Fecal samples were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Adherence to MedDiet was evaluated by an index based on two 24-hour dietary recalls. Results A greater MedDiet adherence was associated with higher abundances of major dietary fiber metabolizers (e.g., Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii, FDR-adjusted p [q] =0.01), and lower abundances of biochemical specialists (e.g., Parabacteroides, q =0.04). The gut microbiomes of participants with greater MedDiet adherence were enriched for functions involved in dietary fiber degradation but depleted for those related to sulfur reduction and lactose and galactose degradation. The associations between MedDiet adherence and diabetes prevalence were significantly stronger among participants with depleted abundance of Prevotella (p interaction =0.03 for diabetes, 0.02 for prediabetes/diabetes, and 0.02 for prediabetes). A one-standard deviation increment in the MedDiet index was associated with 24% [odds ratio (OR) =0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-0.98] and 7% (OR =0.93; 95% CI, 0.72-1.20) lower odds of diabetes in Prevotella non-carriers and carriers, respectively. Conclusions Adherence to MedDiet is associated with diverse gut microorganisms and microbial functions. The inverse association between the MedDiet and diabetes prevalence varies significantly depending on gut microbial composition.

Association between obesity and diabetes prevalence and COVID-19 mortality in Mexico: an ecological study

Introduction: Mortality rates associated with COVID-19 vary widely between countries and, within countries, between regions. These differences might be explained by population susceptibility, environmental factors, transmission dynamics, containment strategies, and diagnostic approaches. We aimed to analyze if obesity and diabetes prevalence are associated with higher COVID-19 mortality rates in Mexico. Methodology: We analyzed the mortality rate for each of the 2,457 municipalities in Mexico, one of the countries with highest COVID-19 mortality rate, during the first seven months of the pandemic to identify factors associated with higher mortality, including demographic, health-related characteristics (prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in adults older than 20 years old), and altitude. Results: During the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic there were 85,666 deaths reported in Mexico, with a cumulative mortality rate of 67 per 100,000 population. The mean mortality rate for the 2,457 municipalities in Mexico was 33.9 per 100,000 population. At a municipal level, the prevalence of diabetes and obesity, as well as high human development index, and location at < 500 or > 2000 above sea level were associated with higher mortality rate. Conclusions: Elevated obesity and diabetes prevalence explain, in part, high COVID-19 mortality rates registered in certain municipalities in Mexico. These results suggest that a regionalized approach should be considered to successfully limit the impact of SARS-CoV-2.

Validity of Self-reported Diabetes Among Kurdish Population; a Large Population-based Study From Iran

Background: The aim was to assess the validity of diabetes self-reporting based on oral anti-diabetic drugs, insulin injection, or high fasting blood sugar (FBS) in a large Kurdish population of Iran.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analytical study on 4400 subjects aged 35-70 years of the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS). The reference for having diabetes was oral hypoglycemic drug consumption, insulin injection, or high FBS representing diabetes. Self-reported diabetes status was investigated by well-trained interviewers before the identification of diabetes status based on reference criteria. The accuracy and agreement of self-reported diabetes with reference were assessed in the overall population as well as in different sociodemographic and habitual conditions. Results: Out of 4400 adults, 3996 agreed to participate in this study (participation=90.8%). The diabetes prevalence among the study population was 13.1% based on self-report and 9.7% based on reference. Of the 523 people who reported diabetes, 213 (41.28%) did not have diabetes. We found a good agreement of 92.3% concordance with a kappa value of 65.1% between self-reported diabetes and reference. Self-reported diabetes also guaranteed sensitivity of 78.5%, specificity of 93.9%, positive predictive value of 58.7%, and negative predictive value of 98.0% to identify diabetic participants. Conclusion: Self-reported diabetes is identified as a valid tool that could accurately determine the diabetes prevalence in epidemiological studies on the Kurdish population of Iran.

Association between diabetes and acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hopkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma

Objective Diabetes increases the risk for cancers. However, whether it is associated with hematologic malignancies is not clear. The present study investigated the association between diabetes and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (ML), non-Hopkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM). Methods Newly diagnosed adult cancer patients were recruited consecutively from our clinical database. Peoples from a local enterprise were recruited to create a small-scale population-based dataset. We compared the diabetes prevalence between the cancer patients and the local people; an increase in diabetes prevalence in the cancer patients suggests an association between diabetes and the cancer(s). Results We found that the prevalence of diabetes was 19.7%, 21.3%, 12.5%, and 12.0% in ALL, AML, NHL, and MM, respectively, which was higher than that (9.1%) in the local people. Despite that there were more male than female cancer patients, there were more female than male diabetic patients. The increase in diabetes prevalence occurred in ALL and NHL patients aged 18 to 39 years old as well as in AML patients over 40. In MM patients, the increase in diabetes prevalence (18.6%) occurred only in females. Approximately 70% of the diabetic patients were undiagnosed before the diagnosis of the blood cancer. Approximately half of the pre-existing diabetic patients had anti-diabetic treatment, with over 70% of them still had poor glycemic control. Conclusions Our results suggest that diabetes is associated with ALL, AML, NHL, and MM, at least in adult patients.