Material community deprivation and hospital utilization during the first year of life: an urban population–based cohort study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between exposure to biologics during pregnancy and serious infections in mothers and infants.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingPopulation-based.ParticipantsWomen with one or more autoimmune diseases identified by International Classification of Diseases 9th/10th revision codes in healthcare administrative databases in British Columbia, Canada, who had pregnancies ending in a live or stillbirth between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2012. Women were defined as exposed if they had at least one biologic prescription during pregnancy, and infants born to these women were considered exposed in utero. Disease-matched women with no biologics prescriptions during pregnancy, and their infants, comprised the unexposed groups.Primary outcome measuresSerious infections requiring hospitalisation.ResultsOver the 10-year study period, there were 6218 women (8607 pregnancies) who had an autoimmune disease diagnosis, of which 90 women were exposed to biologics during pregnancy, with 100 babies born to these women. Among women exposed to biologics during pregnancy, occurrence of serious postpartum infections were low, ranging from 0% to 5%, depending on concomitant exposures to immunosuppressants. In multivariable models using logistic regression, the OR for the association of biologics exposure with serious maternal postpartum infections was 0.79 (95% CI 0.24 to 2.54). In infants exposed to biologics in utero, occurrence of serious infections during the first year of life ranged from 0% to 7%, depending on concomitant exposures to immunosuppressants in utero. Multivariable models showed no association between biologics exposure in utero and serious infant infections (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.81).ConclusionsThese population-based data suggest that the use of biologics by women with autoimmune diseases during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of serious infections in mothers, during post partum or in infants during the first year of life.

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Antibiotic Exposure in the First Year of Life and the Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwz178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 188 (11) ◽

pp. 1923-1931 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amani F Hamad ◽

Silvia Alessi-Severini ◽

Salaheddin M Mahmud ◽

Marni Brownell ◽

I fan Kuo

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Population Based ◽

First Year ◽

Antibiotic Exposure ◽

Matched Cohort ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Early childhood antibiotic exposure induces changes in gut microbiota reportedly associated with the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We conducted a population-based cohort study to examine the association between antibiotic use in the first year of life and ADHD risk. We included children born in Manitoba, Canada, between 1998 and 2017. Exposure was defined as having filled 1 or more antibiotic prescriptions during the first year of life. ADHD diagnosis was identified in hospital abstracts, physician visits, or drug dispensations. Risk of developing ADHD was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression in a high-dimensional propensity score–matched cohort (n = 69,738) and a sibling cohort (n = 67,671). ADHD risk was not associated with antibiotic exposure in the matched-cohort (hazard ratio = 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.08) or in the sibling cohort (hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% confidence interval: 0.89, 1.03). In secondary analyses of the matched cohort, ADHD risk increase was observed in those exposed to 4 or more antibiotic courses or a duration longer than 3 weeks. These associations were not observed in the sibling cohort. We concluded that antibiotic exposure in the first year of life does not pose an ADHD risk on a population level.

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Antibiotic exposure in the first year of life and later treated asthma, a population based birth cohort study of 143,000 children

European Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1007/s10654-015-0038-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 85-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Gisella Pitter ◽

Jonas Filip Ludvigsson ◽

Pierantonio Romor ◽

Loris Zanier ◽

Renzo Zanotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

First Year ◽

Antibiotic Exposure ◽

First Year Of Life

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Incidence and outcome of epilepsy syndromes with onset in the first year of life: A retrospective population-based study

Epilepsia ◽

10.1111/epi.13514 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 1594-1601 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Eija Gaily ◽

Markus Lommi ◽

Risto Lapatto ◽

Anna-Elina Lehesjoki

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

First Year ◽

Population Based Study ◽

First Year Of Life

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Higher Ultraviolet Radiation During Early Life Reduces Risk of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in Boys

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v5i5.1426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Kate Miller

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Western Australia ◽

Early Life ◽

Population Based ◽

First Year ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Individual Level ◽

First Year Of Life

IntroductionThere is increasing evidence that environmental exposures may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is of interest in relation to the development of T1D because of its immunoregulatory actions. Ecological studies testing the correlation between levels of UVR and T1D have shown a significant inverse relationship for both incidence and prevalence. Objectives and Approach We used large linked datasets to test ambient UVR during early life against T1D risk at the individual level. We conducted a nested case-control study using linked data from state-wide administrative datasets and NASA satellites. Cases (n=1819) were all children born in Western Australia from 1980-2014 with a diagnosis of T1D on the population-based Western Australian Children’s Diabetes Database between 0-16 years of age. Controls (n=27 259) were randomly selected from all live births in Western Australia and matched to cases on sex and date of birth. Daily UVR data from NASA satellites, that were date-and location-specific for each individual, were used to estimate total UVR dose for each trimester of pregnancy and the first year of life. ResultsConditional logistic regression showed that T1D risk was 44% lower in boys of mothers with UVR levels in the highest quartile (compared to the lowest quartile) during their third trimester of pregnancy (p=0.04). Higher UVR in the first year of life was also associated with a significantly lower risk of T1D in later childhood among boys. Among girls, there was no evidence of an association between total UVR dose and T1D risk. ConclusionHigher UVR in the third trimester and first year of life appears to interact with sex-specific factors to lower T1D risk among boys (but not girls) in Western Australia.

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