Applications of 2D-Layered Palladium Diselenide and Its van der Waals Heterostructures in Electronics and Optoelectronics

The rapid development of two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides has been possible owing to their special structures and remarkable properties. In particular, palladium diselenide (PdSe2) with a novel pentagonal structure and unique physical characteristics have recently attracted extensive research interest. Consequently, tremendous research progress has been achieved regarding the physics, chemistry, and electronics of PdSe2. Accordingly, in this review, we recapitulate and summarize the most recent research on PdSe2, including its structure, properties, synthesis, and applications. First, a mechanical exfoliation method to obtain PdSe2 nanosheets is introduced, and large-area synthesis strategies are explained with respect to chemical vapor deposition and metal selenization. Next, the electronic and optoelectronic properties of PdSe2 and related heterostructures, such as field-effect transistors, photodetectors, sensors, and thermoelectric devices, are discussed. Subsequently, the integration of systems into infrared image sensors on the basis of PdSe2 van der Waals heterostructures is explored. Finally, future opportunities are highlighted to serve as a general guide for physicists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers. Therefore, this comprehensive review may shed light on the research conducted by the 2D material community.

MENGENALKAN DUNIA INTERNASIONAL PADA GENERASI DINI (SEBAGAI KURIKULUM PEMBELAJARAN TK)

The international world is very closely related to children in the present era. One way to introduce it is by inserting international science in kindergarten level education. This knowledge is rarely conveyed to early age students because the lack of providing material training for kindergarten teachers and the diversity of educational backgrounds makes it difficult to determine international material. Community service uses the method of delivering basic international material to kindergarten teachers, then it can be delivered to kindergarten students. The learning activities that will be provided are in the form of: 1) selection of basic materials about the international world, 2) the use of effective and fun learning media for kindergarten students. This community service aims to increase the knowledge of kindergarten teachers and students about the international world through quality and fun learning activities.

The end of over-tourism? Opportunities in a post-Covid-19 world

Purpose This paper aims to examine the issues faced by cities known for their struggles with over-tourism, before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Opportunities to overcome over-tourism in a post-Covid-19 world are discussed. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a review of the fundamental issues of over-tourism before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings The pandemic has turned the state of tourism in many cities from “over-tourism” to “no tourism”, prompting massive state intervention from governments, regardless of their political ideology. The pandemic has also been more effective than top-down governmental orders and ground-up green initiatives to reduce pollution within a short span of time. Practical implications Many have been left behind by the competitive nature of globalisation, and the Covid-19 pandemic could present a case for governments to play a larger role in improving their citizens’ quality of live. These would include a fundamental shift in focus to jobs (instead of gross domestic products) by governments, increased investment in public works and environment-friendly infrastructure and expanding public regulatory and enforcement roles in areas such as crowd control and inspection of home rentals for regulatory compliance. Social implications When normalcy returns and tourists begin to flock to destinations and attractions, there should be a much higher awareness amongst both tourists and locals of the maintenance of personal hygiene and of the need for safe distancing while in dense crowds. A new social norm should emerge. Originality/value A heightened sense of material, community, emotional and health and safety well-beings of local residents would ease concerns and perceptions of over-tourism.

Overtourism

The concept of overtourism has been popularly discussed in recent years, upon local residents starting to recognize the tourism disturbances in some high-profile destinations. For a sustainable tourism development, it is crucial to investigate potential impacts of overtourism towards the local residents living in the destination. Thus, this chapter employs the existing academic work on quality of life (QoL) concepts, to examine the correlations between residents' perception of tourism's impact to them in material, community, emotional, and health & safety life domains, and their satisfaction with QoL in corresponding life domains, and their overall life satisfaction. This chapter involves a survey taken place in Macau, which represents a case of plausible overtourism. The research reveals that residents who perceived more negative impact from tourism on QoL, were more unsatisfied with QoL. Thus, tourism planners and policy makers should be aware of such threat on sustainable tourism development and search out a solution balancing different stakeholders in overtourism destinations.

Tourism Impacts on the Sense of Well Being and Satisfaction of life

The increasing of global welfare and economic development have caused the increasing number of tourists travelling around the world. Tourism and travelling are tertiary needs and have only become lifestyle when people or family have achieved considerably above average income. The increase of travelling lifestyle has not only impacted to the tourists themselves but also the residents living in the tourism areas. The objective of this study is to investigate how tourism impacts in terms of economic, social, cultural, and environmental impact on residents’ well-being (material, community, emotional and healthy/safety well-being). Further, residents’ welfare are tested on their impacts on life satisfaction. This research collected 179 valid responses from the city of Yogyakarta residents around local tourism areas. Using Partial Least Squares (PLS), it reveals that social and cultural impacts of tourism do not influence residents sense of well-being as well as their satisfaction with their life. Thus, residents’ life satisfaction caused by tourism activities are more defined by economic and environmental impacts. These impacts have been identified to significantly influence sense of material well-being and sense of health and safety. It can be concluded that from the tourism perspective, residents’ life satisfaction is determined more from the gain in material well-being, health and safety.

Urine diversion dry toilets in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa: acceptance, use and maintenance through users' eyes

This study was part of the VUNA project aimed to develop an affordable sanitation system that produces a valuable fertiliser, reduces pollution of water resources and promotes health. Urine diversion dry toilets (UDDTs) simplify the on-site hygienisation of faeces and allow for nutrient recovery from urine. Social acceptance is vital for the implementation of the UDDT, because sanitation is only effective if the system not only provides a well-designed toilet and effective waste management, but also offers users a facility that caters to their needs and is sensitive to their cultural lifestyle. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate acceptance, use and maintenance of UDDTs. Key findings indicate lower levels of acceptance of UDDTs among the elderly, who are accustomed to traditional pit toilets. The users aspire to own a flush toilet, perceived to be indicative of household wealth. A dominant concern was emptying the pit and the quality of the building material. Community interventions are required that will promote acceptance, understanding and encourage proper use and maintenance of the UDDT, and may need some technology modification. There is an urgent need for increased community participation to address users' perceptions, attitudes and behaviour concerning the UDDT.

Entering the public sphere: the citizenship practices of US immigrants

This paper originally delivered as a keynote speech at the Turkish Migration Conference 2015 in Prague, Czech Republic on June 25, 2015. It focuses on civic engagementi political participation and citizenship practices of Asian Indians in Dallas Fort Worth Metropolitan area drawing on qualitative field research material. Community participation is a process. Embedded in this observation is an understanding that as the individual branches out, he or she is becoming involved with associations with great civic and/or political presence, moving from one community of practice to another, and from a peripheral position to one of greater participation to invoke the ideas of Lave and Wenger. But equally, these activities illustrate how new immigrants construct their own sense of belonging as they engage with and interpret what it means to be an American and what kind of an American they want to be.