Quenching experiments of vertical Inconel and Zircaloy tubes in internal water flow

2021 ◽  
pp. 108798
Author(s):  
Gyeong Seop Hwang ◽  
Wang Kee In ◽  
Chi Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Internal Water

Investigation on the internal water flow in a small diffuser bathtub

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003.39 (0) ◽  
pp. 83-84
Author(s):  
Shuya KAMEI ◽  
Sinya SUGENO ◽  
Yoshiki NAKANO ◽  
Seita ISSHIKI
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Internal Water

An experimental system for analysis of the dynamic sap-flow characteristics in young trees: results of a beech tree

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Steppe ◽  
Raoul Lemeur
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Sap Flow ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
Beech Tree

This paper describes an experimental system designed for analysis of the dynamic water flow through young trees, complemented with test results of a 2-year-old beech tree (Fagus sylvatica L.). The system allows automatic and simultaneous measurements of a complex set of plant physiological processes at leaf, branch, stem and root levels [transpiration (E), sap flow (F) and diameter fluctuations (Δd)], in combination with the micrometeorological variables that control these processes [soil and air temperature (Ts and Ta), vapour pressure deficit of the air (D) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)]. A 2-d experimental period was used to study the whole-tree water transport dynamics of the young beech tree. Good correspondence between E of the leaves and F in the supporting branch was found. An increased time lag between the F measurements along the hydraulic pathway down towards the root system was observed, indicating the non-steady-state nature of the water flow. The daytime Δd of stem and branch revealed the depletion and the replenishment of internal water reserves. The daily amount of water withdrawn from internal storage was 5% of the total daily transpiration. A good linear relationship was found between the rate of change in internal water storage and the rate of change in stem diameter, having no time lag. We conclude that the data obtained with this system will allow experimental assessment of hydraulic properties in young trees and facilitate calibration of models for non-steady-state conditions of water flow in young trees.

Water Intake Riser Model Test and Numerical Calibration

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry Xiang ◽  
Peimin Cao ◽  
Jingxi He ◽  
Steve Kibbee ◽  
Sean Bian
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Deep Basin ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Axial Stability ◽  
Internal Water

A model test campaign of a large diameter water intake riser (WIR) has been planned, designed, and successfully executed in an offshore model basin. The objective of the model test is to better understand the global dynamic behavior of WIR, and thus advance its design. The scopes of the model test are to measure the response of the riser under floater motions; investigate the effect of the internal water and flow rate; and observe any vortex-induced-vibration (VIV) and axial instability due to motion and / or internal flow. The paper presents the model test results and the numerical calibrations and validations. The WIR pipe was carefully scaled and designed to meet the test objectives. The WIR in model test scale is 150 mm in inside diameter and approximately 36 m in length. The model test setup includes a fully instrumented riser, a planar motion mechanism (PMM) which simulates the vessel motion and an internal water flow system (IWFS). The riser was instrumented with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensors along the pipe length and circumference. The WIR was hung-off from the PMM inside the deep basin pit. More than 200 cases were carried out in the basin including the sinusoidal motion tests and random motion tests with different flow rates. The model tests collected a wealth of data of the WIR dynamic responses under the vessel motions and the internal water flow conditions. As expected, WIR global bending responses are highly dependent on the pipe excitation modes and their corresponding mode curvatures. These responses can be predicted well by numerical software through a calibration process. The axial response of WIR due to motion and/or internal flow is much more complex. The amount of internal water coupled with the pipe depends on the vessel motions and internal flow fluctuation. This is important for axial stability prediction and seawater lift system design.

Experimental thermal study of ice slurry production system equipped with direct contact heat exchanger and spiral nozzle

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Yaokang Zhang ◽  
Lin Su ◽  
Zhaoyang Xu ◽  
Kaijun Dong ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Production System ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Ice Slurry ◽  
Internal Water ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Ice Production

Abstract For direct contact ice slurry production system, the obstacles of ice blockage in the nozzle, enormous refrigerant charge and refrigerant-water separation restrict its commercial application. In this paper, a novel direct contact ice slurry production system is proposed to overcome these obstacles. In this novel system, the horizontal PVC pipe with spiral nozzle is designed as a direct contact ice slurry generator to avoid ice blockage in the nozzle. The two phase RC318 is utilized as the system refrigerant. In order to investigate the ice production performance of this novel system, the effects of compressor rotational speed, internal water flow rate and initial system pressure on ice production performance are experimentally studied, and a lump model is established. The results show that the ice production performance is mainly affected by the compressor rotational speed, but scarcely affected by the internal water flow rate. However, large ice blocks are formed at small internal water flow rate. Besides, the lump model is considered to be able to predict the water temperature. Furthermore, the sinking of liquid refrigerant exits under the higher initial system pressure, but it can be avoided by reducing the initial system pressure.

Effect of verapamil on cytoplasmic distribution of granules and microfilaments in amphibian urinary bladder

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
A.J. Mia ◽  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
T. Yorio
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
Amphibian Urinary Bladder ◽  
Vesicular Membrane ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cytoskeletal System

The amphibian urinary bladder has been used as a ‘model’ system for studies of the mechanism of action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in stimulating transepithelial water flow. The increase in water permeability is accompanied by morphological changes that include the stimulation of apical microvilli, mobilization of microtubules and microfilaments and vesicular membrane fusion events . It has been shown that alterations in the cytosolic calcium concentrations can inhibit ADH transmembrane water flow and induce alterations in the epithelial cell cytomorphology, including the cytoskeletal system . Recently, the subapical granules of the granular cell in the amphibian urinary bladder have been shown to contain high concentrations of calcium, and it was suggested that these cytoplasmic constituents may act as calcium storage sites for intracellular calcium homeostasis. The present study utilizes the calcium antagonist, verapamil, to examine the effect of calcium deprivation on the cytomorphological features of epithelial cells from amphibian urinary bladder, with particular emphasis on subapical granule and microfilament distribution.

Water Flow Modelling of the Venice Lagoon

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Marchi ◽  
Attilio Adami ◽  
Alfredo Caielli ◽  
Giovanni Cecconi
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Flow Modelling

Investigation of the influence of the flow structure on the accuracy of flow measurement before a hydrometric structure in an open channel

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
Anatoly Kusher
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Flow Velocity Profile ◽  
Upstream Flow

The reliability of water flow measurement in irrigational canals depends on the measurement method and design features of the flow-measuring structure and the upstream flow velocity profile. The flow velocity profile is a function of the channel geometry and wall roughness. The article presents the study results of the influence of the upstream flow velocity profile on the discharge measurement accuracy. For this, the physical and numerical modeling of two structures was carried out: a critical depth flume and a hydrometric overfall in a rectangular channel. According to the data of numerical simulation of the critical depth flume with a uniform and parabolic (1/7) velocity profile in the upstream channel, the values of water discharge differ very little from the experimental values in the laboratory model with a similar geometry (δ < 2 %). In contrast to the critical depth flume, a change in the velocity profile only due to an increase in the height of the bottom roughness by 3 mm causes a decrease of the overfall discharge coefficient by 4…5 %. According to the results of the numerical and physical modeling, it was found that an increase of backwater by hydrometric structure reduces the influence of the upstream flow velocity profile and increases the reliability of water flow measurements.

Intensification of Open Gutters Operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-70
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Hydraulic Testing ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Artificial Roughness ◽  
Transport Capacity ◽  
Corrugated Surfaces ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Dispersed Inclusions

The intensification of the work of open gutter by applying textured shells to their bottom surface, forming an artificial roughness, is considered. It is shown that the presence of corrugated surfaces contributes to vortex formation during water flow and improves the separation and transportation of mineral impurities previously dropped into the bottom of the gutters. The implementation of operations to improve the structure of the gutters is possible during the repair and restoration works with the use of modern polymer materials. The design of a small-sized hydraulic stand, which makes it possible to study the transport capacity of flows containing solid inclusions, is presented. The method of research is hydraulic testing, accompanied by the use of chiaroscuro effect, as well as photo and film equipment. The optimal structure of the inner surface of the gutters and pipes providing vortex formation, which will improve the ability of the flow to carry out and transport foreign dispersed inclusions (sand) of different granulometric compositions, is determined.

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