Electromechanical response of laterally clamped piezoelectric wafers: Absence of in-plane mechanical resonances in the electromechanical impedance spectrum

2022 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 108545
Author(s):  
Vamshi Krishna Chillara ◽  
John Greenhall ◽  
Christopher Hakoda ◽  
Cristian Pantea
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Mechanical Resonances ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers

Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Active Sensors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard A. Winston ◽  
Fanping Sun ◽  
Balkrishna S. Annigeri
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health

A technology for non-intrusive real-time structural health monitoring using piezoelectric active sensors is presented. The approach is based on monitoring variations of the coupled electromechanical impedance of piezoelectric patches bonded to metallic structures in high-frequency bands. In each of these applications, a single piezoelectric element is used as both an actuator and a sensor. The resulting electromechanical coupling makes the frequency-dependent electric impedance spectrum of the PZT sensor a good mapping of the underlying structure’s acoustic signature. Moreover, incipient structural damage can be indicated by deviations of this signature from its original baseline pattern. Unique features of this technology include its high sensitivity to structural damage, non-intrusiveness to the host structure, and low cost of implementation. These features have potential for enabling on-board damage monitoring of critical or inaccessible aerospace structures and components, such as aircraft wing joints, and both internal and external jet engine components. Several exploratory applications will be discussed.

Structural Health Monitoring With Piezoelectric Active Sensors

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Winston ◽  
F. Sun ◽  
B. S. Annigeri
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Active Sensors ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health

A technology for non-intrusive real-time structural health monitoring using piezoelectric active sensors is presented. The approach is based on monitoring variations of the coupled electromechanical impedance of piezoelectric patches bonded to metallic structures in high-frequency bands. In each of these applications, a single piezoelectric element is used as both an actuator and a sensor. The resulting electromechanical coupling makes the frequency-dependent electric impedance spectrum of the PZT sensor a good mapping of the underlying structure’s acoustic signature. Moreover, incipient structural damage can be indicated by deviations of this signature from its original baseline pattern. Unique features of this technology include its high sensitivity to structural damage, non-intrusiveness to the host structure, and low cost of implementation. These features have potential for enabling on-board damage monitoring of critical or inaccessible aerospace structures and components, such as aircraft wing joints, and both internal and external jet engine components. Several exploratory applications will be discussed.

Internal Porosity Detection in Additively Manufactured Parts via Electromechanical Impedance Measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Tenney ◽  
Mohammad I. Albakri ◽  
Joseph Kubalak ◽  
Logan D. Sturm ◽  
Christopher B. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Internal Porosity ◽  
Industrial Adoption ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers ◽  
Porosity Detection ◽  
The Impact

The flexibility offered by additive manufacturing (AM) technologies to fabricate complex geometries poses several challenges to non-destructive evaluation (NDE) and quality control (QC) techniques. Existing NDE and QC techniques are not optimized for AM processes, materials, or parts. Such lack of reliable means to verify and qualify AM parts is a significant barrier to further industrial adoption of AM technologies. Electromechanical impedance measurements have been recently introduced as an alternative solution to detect anomalies in AM parts. With this approach, piezoelectric wafers bonded to the part under test are utilized as collocated sensors and actuators. Due to the coupled electromechanical characteristics of piezoelectric materials, the measured electrical impedance of the piezoelectric wafer depends on the mechanical impedance of the part under test, allowing build defects to be detected. This paper investigates the effectiveness of impedance-based NDE approach to detect internal porosity in AM parts. This type of build defects is uniquely challenging as voids are normally embedded within the structure and filled with unhardened model or supporting material. The impact of internal voids on the electromechanical impedance of AM parts is studied at several frequency ranges.

Electromechanical impedance response of a cracked functionally graded beam with imperfectly bonded piezoelectric wafers

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 1899-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
J Wang ◽  
WQ Chen ◽  
WC Li
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Functionally Graded Beam ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Smart Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers

An analytical model of a cracked functionally graded beam with attached Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) actuator/sensors is proposed in the paper for structural health monitoring. In this model, the dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric patches is considered and a viscoelastic law is adopted to describe the bonding imperfection between the piezoelectric patches and the beam. A piecewisely homogeneous beam model is then employed to approximate the original inhomogeneous beam based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The crack in the beam is treated as a massless rotational spring. In order to develop the recursive formulations to reduce the dimension of the final equations in the method of reverberation-ray matrix (MRRM), new local scattering relations are established for this smart beam using a matrix reduction technique. An analytical expression of the electromechanical impedance (EMI) is derived based on the improved MRRM via the recursive formulations. Comparison with existent experimental results and those predicted by other methods, such as the conventional MRRM, the transfer matrix method (TMM), and the finite element method (FEM), is made to validate the proposed analysis. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters including the crack depth on the EMI signatures are highlighted.

Dynamic analysis of a piezoelectric augmented beam system with adhesive bonding layer effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Albakri ◽  
Pablo A. Tarazaga
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Spectral Element ◽  
Bonding Layer ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Beam System ◽  
Host Structure ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers

Embedded and surface bonded piezoelectric wafers have been widely used for control and monitoring purposes. Several nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring techniques, such as electromechanical impedance and wave propagation–based techniques, utilize piezoelectric wafers in either active or passive manner to interrogate the host structure. The basis of all these techniques is the energy transfer between the piezoelectric wafer and the host structure which takes place through an adhesive bonding layer. In this article, the high-frequency dynamic response of a coupled piezoelectric-beam system is modeled including the adhesive bonding layer in between. A new three-layer spectral element is developed for this purpose. The formulation of this new element takes into account axial and shear deformations, in addition to rotary inertia effects in all three layers. The capabilities of the proposed model are demonstrated through several numerical examples, where the effects of bonding layer geometric and material characteristics on dispersion relations and damage detection capabilities are discussed. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the adhesive bonding layer in piezoelectric-structure interaction models, especially when the high-frequency dynamic response is of interest.

scholarly journals Optimum PZT Patch Size for Corrosion Detection in Reinforced Concrete Using the Electromechanical Impedance Technique

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3903
Author(s):  
Jaamac Hassan Hire ◽  
Seyedsina Hosseini ◽  
Farshad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Corrosion Detection

This paper proposes the use of a 1-dimensional (1-D) electromechanical impedance model to extract proper design guidelines when selecting patch-size and frequency range for corrosion detection in reinforced concrete structures using the electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique. The theoretical results show that the sensitivity mainly lies in the peak frequencies of the impedance spectrum, while outside resonant frequencies the sensitivity levels are low, and are prone to natural variation. If the mechanical impedance ratio between the host structure and patch is too large, the peaks and thereby the sensitivity decreases. This can be counteracted by increasing the patch thickness. Tests were carried out in reinforced concrete structures, where lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches were attached to the rebars. Patches measuring 10 × 10 mm in length and width, with thicknesses of 0.3, 0.5 and 1.5 mm, were used. The results show that only the 10 × 10 × 1.5 mm patch, was able to generate a clear peak in the 50 kHz to 400 kHz impedance spectrum. Furthermore, a reinforced concrete structure with the 1.5 mm patch attached was induced significant corrosion damages, resulting in cracking of the structure. Due to this, a leftward shift of the main peak, and creation of new peaks in the spectrum was observed.

Towards structural health monitoring of space vehicles

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan Ursu ◽  
Daniela Enciu ◽  
Adrian Toader
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a recent project of complex tests on the survival of structural health monitoring (SHM) technology with piezo wafer active sensors (PWAS) and electromechanical impedance spectroscopy (EMIS) at simulating the concomitant action of harsh conditions of outer space: extreme temperatures, radiations, vacuum. Design/methodology/approach The tests were conducted on PWAS, consists in adhesive and aluminium discs as structural specimens, with PWAS bonded on them. The substantiating of PWAS-EMIS-based SHM technique consists the fact that real part of the PWAS electromechanical impedance spectrum follows with fidelity the resonance behaviour of the structure vibrating under the PWAS excitation. This EMIS signature is very sensitive to any structural changes and, on this basis, can be monitored the onset and progress of structural damages such as fatigue, cracks, corrosion, etc. Findings The conclusion of the tests is that the cumulative impact of severe conditions of temperature, radiation and vacuum has not generated decommissioning of sensors or adhesive, which would have meant the compromise of the methodology. A second important outcome is linked to the capability of this methodology to distinguish between the damages of mechanical origin and the false ones, caused by environmental conditions, which are, basically, harmless. Originality/value The question of transfer of PWAS-EMIS-based SHM technology to space vehicles and applications received, as a novelty, a first and encouraging response.

Structural health monitoring of rotary aerospace structures based on electromechanical impedance of integrated piezoelectric transducers

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1799-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Hoshyarmanesh ◽  
Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Spectrum ◽  
Piezoelectric Transducers ◽  
Aerospace Structures ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Structural Health

Structural health monitoring of rotary aerospace structures is investigated in this research. A monitoring system is proposed based on the electromechanical impedance spectrum of piezoelectric transducers and a portable transceiver. To investigate the applicability and preliminary results of this method, a turbomachine prototype (laboratory device) is developed, and integrated composite piezoelectric films are deposited on the blades. Next, a self-diagnostic characterization is initially implemented to the piezo-films. Transceiver functionality and accuracy is verified using an Ivium impedance analyzer. The verified measuring path was used in structural health monitoring of pristine and damaged blades at rotational speed of 0 and 1000 r/min. The effects of damage formation and rotational speed on the impedance signature are discussed based on the variations in mechanical impedance using a two-dimensional model. Once damage occurs in a blade at each speed, it results in a frequency shift of the impedance signature at antiresonance peaks compared to the corresponding baseline. The results show a clear frequency shift of existing peaks and the appearance of new peaks as damage grows to a secure minimal detectable size. This achievement confirms the applicability of this method for incipient damage detection on rotary structures prior to any failure.

Dynamic modeling of a galloping structure equipped with piezoelectric wafers and energy harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi ◽  
Moon K. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Rigid Mass ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafer ◽  
Piezoelectric Wafers

This study presents the analytical solution and experimental investigation of the galloping energy harvesting from oscillating elastic cantilever beam with a rigid mass. A piezoelectric wafer was attached to galloping cantilever beam to harvest vibrational energy in electric charge form. Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam assumption and piezoelectric constitutive equation, kinetic energy and potential energy of system were obtained for the proposed structure. Virtual work by generated charge and galloping force applied onto the rigid mass was obtained based on Kirchhoff's law and quasistatic assumption. Nonlinear governing electro-mechanical equations were then obtained using Hamilton's principle. As the system vibrates by self-exciting force, the fundamental mode is the only one excited by galloping. Hence, multi-degreeof-freedom equation of motion is simplified to one-degree-of-freedom model. In this study, closed-form solutions for electro-mechanical equations were obtained by using multi-scale method. Using these solutions, we can predict galloping amplitude, voltage amplitude and harvested power level. Numerical and experimental results are presented and discrepancies between experimental and numerical results are fully discussed.

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