A novel, self-established, immobilised Fenton process (SIFP) was designed using a visible light-activated nano-Cu2O/rectorite composite (nCu2O/R). The nCu2O/R was synthesised using a low temperature, solid-state method and was characterised using scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Under the following experimental conditions: 160 mg/L Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B (named as X-3B) solution, neutral pH, and 1 g/L nCu2O/R
dosage, 72% decoloration and 70% COD removal were achieved. Hydroxyl radicals (.OH) were indirectly detected in this system without the addition of H2O2 or Fe2+ or the adjustment of the pH. Isopropanol (IP) was added as a radical scavenger into the
SIFP to provide further evidence that OH played a key role in the photocatalytic degradation of X-3B by nCu2O/R. Compared with the Cu2 O/Fe2+ Fenton-like process (CFP), the Fe-bearing clay/H2O2 system (FCHS) and the Cu2O+rectorite
physical mixture system (PMS), the SIFP had a greater discoloration capability. The photocatalytic effect of the SIFP is due to a synergistic catalytic effect caused by the coupling of two advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), semiconductor photocatalysis technology (consisting of Cu2O
and visible light) and Fenton processes (consisting of Fe and H2O2). The content of Fe and Cu2O were changed in nCu2O/R composites to study the role that Fe and Cu2O played in the SIFP and to further study the photocatalytic mechanism
of the nCu2O/R composite.