Experimental evaluation and ANN modeling of a recuperative micro gas turbine burning mixtures of natural gas and biogas

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nikpey ◽  
M. Assadi ◽  
P. Breuhaus ◽  
P.T. Mørkved
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Ann Modeling

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Biogas on a 3 kW Micro Gas Turbine FLOX®-Based Combustor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger-Ost ◽  
Peter Kutne ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of biogas has currently two disadvantages. Firstly, processing biogas to natural gas quality for feeding into the natural gas grid is a rather energy consuming process. Secondly, the conversion into electricity directly in biogas plants produces waste heat, which largely cannot be used. Therefore, a feed-in of the desulfurized and dry biogas to local biogas grids would be preferable. Thus, the biogas could be used directly at the end consumer for heat and power production. As biogas varies in its methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) content, respectively, this paper studies the influence of different biogas mixtures compared to natural gas on the combustion in a FLOX®-based six nozzle combustor. The single staged combustor is suitable for the use in a micro gas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power (CHP) system with an electrical power output of 3 kW. The combustor is studied in an optically accessible atmospheric test rig, as well as integrated into the MGT system. This paper focuses on the influence of the admixture of CO2 to natural gas on the NOX and CO emissions. Furthermore, at atmospheric conditions the shape and location of the heat release zone is investigated using OH* chemiluminescence (OH* CL). The combustor could be stably operated in the MGT within the complete stationary operating range with all fuel mixtures.

scholarly journals Geometry optimization of a commercial annular RQL combustor of a micro gas turbine for use with natural gas and vegetal oils

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Mauro Zampilli ◽  
Michele D’Amico ◽  
Pietro Bartocci ◽  
Gianni Bidini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Geometry Optimization ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Experimental Investigation of the Performance of a Micro Gas Turbine Fueled With Mixtures of Natural Gas and Biogas

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homam Nikpey ◽  
Mohsen Assadi ◽  
Peter Breuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
The Impact

Previously published studies have addressed modifications to the engines when operating with biogas, i.e. a low heating value (LHV) fuel. This study focuses on mapping out the possible biogas share in a fuel mixture of biogas and natural gas in micro combined heat and power (CHP) installations without any engine modifications. This contributes to a reduction in CO2 emissions from existing CHP installations and makes it possible to avoid a costly upgrade of biogas to the natural gas quality as well as engine modifications. Moreover, this approach allows the use of natural gas as a “fallback” solution in the case of eventual variations of the biogas composition and or shortage of biogas, providing improved availability. In this study, the performance of a commercial 100kW micro gas turbine (MGT) is experimentally evaluated when fed by varying mixtures of natural gas and biogas. The MGT is equipped with additional instrumentation, and a gas mixing station is used to supply the demanded fuel mixtures from zero biogas to maximum possible level by diluting natural gas with CO2. A typical biogas composition with 0.6 CH4 and 0.4 CO2 (in mole fraction) was used as reference, and corresponding biogas content in the supplied mixtures was computed. The performance changes due to increased biogas share were studied and compared with the purely natural gas fired engine. This paper presents the test rig setup used for the experimental activities and reports results, demonstrating the impact of burning a mixture of biogas and natural gas on the performance of the MGT. Comparing with when only natural gas was fired in the engine, the electrical efficiency was almost unchanged and no significant changes in operating parameters were observed. It was also shown that burning a mixture of natural gas and biogas contributes to a significant reduction in CO2 emissions from the plant.

Micro Gas Turbine Combustor Emissions Evaluation Using the Chemical Reactor Modelling Approach

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Russo ◽  
Giulio Mori ◽  
Vyacheslav V. Anisimov ◽  
Joa˜o Parente
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chemical Reactor ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Modelling Approach

Chemical Reactor Modelling approach has been applied to evaluate exhaust emissions of the newly designed ARI100 (Patent Pending) recuperated micro gas turbine combustor developed by Ansaldo Ricerche SpA. The development of the chemical reactor network has been performed based on CFD reacting flow analysis, obtained with a global 2-step reaction mechanism, applying boundary conditions concerning the combustion chamber at atmospheric pressure, with 100% of thermal load and fuelled with natural gas. The network consists of 11 ideal reactors: 6 perfectly stirred reactors, and 5 plug flow reactors, including also 13 mixers and 12 splitters. Simulations have been conducted using two detailed reaction mechanisms: GRI Mech 3.0 and Miller & Bowman reaction mechanisms. Exhaust emissions have been evaluated at several operating conditions, obtained at different pressure, and considering different fuel gases, as natural gas and a high H2 content SYNGAS fuel. Furthermore, emissions at different thermal loads have been investigated when natural gas at atmospheric pressure is fuelled. Simulation results have been compared with those obtained from combustion experimental campaign. CO and NOx emissions predicted with CRM approach closely match experimental results at representative operating conditions. Ongoing efforts to improve the proposed reactors network should allow extending the range of applicability to those operating conditions whose simulation results are not completely satisfying. Given the small computational effort required, and the accuracy in predicting combustor experimental exhaust emissions, both CO and NOx, the CRM approach turnout to be an efficient way to reasonably evaluate exhaust emissions of a micro gas turbine combustor.

Externally Fired Micro Gas Turbine and ORC Bottoming Cycle: Optimal Biomass/Natural Gas CHP Configuration for Residential Energy Demand

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Mario Camporeale ◽  
Patrizia Domenica Ciliberti ◽  
Bernardo Fortunato ◽  
Marco Torresi ◽  
Antonio Marco Pantaleo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Residential Energy ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Residential Energy Demand ◽  
Heat Demand

Small scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants present lower electric efficiency in comparison to large scale ones, and this is particularly true when biomass fuels are used. In most cases, the use of both heat and electricity to serve on site energy demand is a key issue to achieve acceptable global energy efficiency and investment profitability. However, the heat demand follows a typical daily and seasonal pattern and is influenced by climatic conditions, in particular in the case of residential and tertiary end users. During low heat demand periods, a lot of heat produced by the CHP plant is discharged. In order to increase the electric conversion efficiency of small scale micro turbine for heat and power cogeneration, a bottoming ORC system can be coupled to the cycle, however this option reduces the temperature and quantity of cogenerated heat available to the load. In this perspective, the paper presents the results of a thermo-economic analysis of small scale CHP plants composed by a micro gas turbine (MGT) and a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), serving a typical residential energy demand. For the topping cycle three different configurations are examined: 1) a simple recuperative micro gas turbine fuelled by natural gas (NG), 2) a dual fuel EFGT cycle, fuelled by biomass and natural gas (50% energy input) (DF) and 3) an externally fired gas turbine (EFGT) with direct combustion of biomass (B). The bottoming cycle is a simple saturated Rankine cycle with regeneration and no superheating. The ORC cycle and the fluid selection are optimized on the basis of the available exhaust gas temperature at the turbine exit. The research assesses the influence of the thermal energy demand typology (residential demand with cold, mild and hot climate conditions) and CHP plant operational strategies (baseload vs heat driven vs electricity driven operation mode) on the global energy efficiency and profitability of the following three configurations: A) MGT with cogeneration; B) MGT+ ORC without cogeneration; C) MGT+ORC with cogeneration. In all cases, a back-up boiler is assumed to match the heat demand of the load (fed by natural gas or biomass). The research explores the profitability of bottoming ORC in view of the following tradeoffs: (i) lower energy conversion efficiency and higher investment cost of high biomass input rate with respect to natural gas; (ii) higher efficiency but higher costs and reduced heat available for cogeneration in the bottoming ORC; (ii) higher primary energy savings and revenues from feed-in tariff available for biomass electricity fed into the grid.

scholarly journals A swirler stabilized combustion chamber for a micro-gas turbine fuelled with natural gas

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenther C. Krieger ◽  
André P. V. de Campos ◽  
Fernando L. Sacomano Filho ◽  
Rafael C. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

scholarly journals Micro Gas Turbine Operation with Biomass Producer Gas and Mixtures of Biomass Producer Gas and Natural Gas

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1944-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc P. L. M. Rabou ◽  
Jan M. Grift ◽  
Ritze E. Conradie ◽  
Sven Fransen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Producer Gas ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Analysis of a Micro Gas Turbine Fed by Natural Gas and Synthesis Gas: MGT Test Bench and Combustor CFD Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cadorin ◽  
M. Pinelli ◽  
A. Vaccari ◽  
R. Calabria ◽  
F. Chiariello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

In recent years, the interest in the research on energy production systems fed by biofuels has increased. Gaseous fuels obtained through biomass conversion processes such as gasification, pyrolysis and pyrogasification are generally defined as synthesis gas (syngas). The use of synthesis gas in small-size energy systems, such as those used for distributed micro-cogeneration, has not yet reached a level of technological maturity that could allow a large market diffusion. For this reason, further analyses (both experimental and numerical) have to be carried out to allow these technologies to achieve performance and reliability typical of established technologies based on traditional fuels. In this paper, a numerical analysis of a combustor of a 100-kW micro gas turbine fed by natural gas and biomass-derived synthesis gas is presented. The work has been developed in the framework of a collaboration between the Engineering Department of the University of Ferrara, the Istituto Motori - CNR (Napoli), and Turbec S.p A. of Corporeno di Cento (FE). The main features of the micro gas turbine Turbec T100, located at the Istituto Motori - CNR, are firstly described. A decompression and distribution system allows the feeding of the micro gas turbine with gaseous fuels characterized by different compositions. Moreover, a system of remote monitoring and control together with a data transfer system has been developed in order to set the operative parameters of the machine. The results of the tests performed under different operating conditions are then presented. Subsequently, the paper presents the numerical analysis of a model of the micro gas turbine combustor. The combustor model is validated against manufacturer performance data and experimental data with respect to steady state performance, i.e., average outlet temperature and emission levels. A sensitivity analysis on the model capability to simulate different operating conditions is then performed. The combustor model is used to simulate the combustion of a syngas, composed of different ratios of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, carbon dioxide and water. The results in terms of flame displacement, temperature and emission distribution and values are analyzed and compared to the natural gas simulations. Finally, some simple modifications to the combustion chamber are proposed and simulated both with natural gas and syngas feeding.

CFD Analysis of an Annular Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Fuelled With Liquid Biofuels: Preliminary Results With Bioethanol

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Gianni Bidini ◽  
Umberto Desideri ◽  
Francesco Fantozzi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Oxidation Mechanism ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Preliminary Results

Liquid biofuels, such as bioethanol, biodiesel and vegetal oils, can effectively be used in internal combustion engines blended with liquid fuels of fossil origin or in their substitution, allowing a reduction of CO2 and pollutant emissions in the atmosphere. This work is supported by a CFD analysis to study the feasibility of using these fuels derived from biomass in a 80 kWel micro gas turbine, originally designed for operation with natural gas. In this paper preliminary results about the behavior of bioethanol in the MGT combustion chamber are presented. The complete investigation however includes biodiesel and also glycerin, a byproduct of biodiesel production. To carry out the computational simulations, combustion models included in a commercial software and oxidation mechanism of ethanol taken from the literature were used. The geometry of the NG injector was modified to optimize the liquid inlet into the combustor. Simulation results in terms of temperatures, pressures, and emissions were compared with data available for natural gas combustion in the original combustion chamber.

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