scholarly journals Techno-economic and greenhouse gas savings assessment of decentralized biomass gasification for electrifying the rural areas of Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 495-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siming You ◽  
Huanhuan Tong ◽  
Joel Armin-Hoiland ◽  
Yen Wah Tong ◽  
Chi-Hwa Wang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biomass Gasification

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Utilization through Gasification Technology for Sustainable Energy Production and Economic Development in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbeminiyi M. Sobamowo ◽  
Sunday J. Ojolo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gasification Technology

Nigeria has not been able to provide enough electric power to her about 200 million people. The last effort by the federal government to generate 6000 MW power by the end of 2009 failed. Even with the available less than 6000 MW of electricity generated in the country, only about 40% of the population have access to the electricity from the National Grid, out of which, urban centers have more than 80% accessibility while rural areas, which constitute about 70% of the total population, have less than 20% of accessibility to electricity. This paper addresses the possibility of meeting the energy demand in Nigeria through biomass gasification technology. The techno-economic analysis of biomass energy is demonstrated and the advantages of the biomass gasification technology are presented. Following the technical analysis, Nigeria is projected to have total potential of biomass of about 5.5 EJ in 2020 which has been forecast to increase to about 29.8 EJ by 2050. Based on a planned selling price of $0.727/kWh, the net present value of the project was found to be positive, the cost benefit ratio is greater than 1, and the payback period of the project is 10.14 years. These economic indicators established the economic viability of the project at the given cost. However, economic analysis shows a selling price of $0.727/kWh. Therefore, the capital investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and fuel cost can be reduced through the development of the gasification system using local materials, purposeful and efficient plantation of biomass for the energy generation, giving out of financial incentives by the government to the investors, and locating the power plant very close to the source of feedstock generation.

scholarly journals The cost of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in farms in Central Andes of Ecuador

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e0101
Author(s):  
Jhenny Cayambe ◽  
Ana Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Cost

Aim of study: Reduction of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions derived from food production is imperative to meet climate change mitigation targets. Sustainable mitigation strategies also combine improvements in soil fertility and structure, nutrient recycling, and the use more efficient use of water. Many of these strategies are based on agricultural know-how, with proven benefits for farmers and the environment. This paper considers measures that could contribute to emissions reduction in subsistence farming systems and evaluation of management alternatives in the Central Andes of Ecuador. We focused on potato and milk production because they represent two primary employment and income sources in the region’s rural areas and are staple foods in Latin America.Area of study: Central Andes of Ecuador: Carchi, Chimborazo, Cañar provincesMaterial and methods: Our approach to explore the cost and the effectiveness of mitigation measures combines optimisation models with participatory methods.Main results: Results show the difference of mitigation costs between regions which should be taken into account when designing of any potential support given to farmers. They also show that there is a big mitigation potential from applying the studied measures which also lead to increased soil fertility and soil structure improvements due to the increased soil organic carbon.Research highlights: This study shows that marginal abatement cost curves derived for different agro-climatic regions are helpful tools for the development of realistic regional mitigation options for the agricultural sector.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN ONTARIO

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Zhang ◽  
Shiva Habibi ◽  
Heather L. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emissions

The electricity generation sector is far from sustainable; in Ontario, 77% of electricity consumed is generated from non-renewable sources such as coal, natural gas and nuclear. As a result, this sector contributes significantly to many environmental challenges including global warming, smog formation, and acid deposition. It is critical to improve the sustainability of electricity generation through the incorporation of sustainable design concepts. Sustainable design takes into account the environmental performance of a product or process over its entire life cycle (including design and development, raw material acquisition, production, use, and end-of-life). Innovative design has resulted in new technologies for electricity generation. Generating electricity from biomass is one of the alternative technologies which could have the potential to improve the sustainability of the electricity generation sector. In this research we examine various scenarios for displacing coal-based generation. Coal gasification is a mature technology and to replace some or all of the feedstock with biomass, a re-design of some portions of the electricity generation technology are required. The technical changes in the process depend on several issues including the physical and chemical characteristics of biomass. We evaluate the environmental performance of electricity generation from agricultural residues through conducting a life cycle inventory for three biomass-to-electricity scenarios for the Province of Ontario; 1) a 5% co-firing of agricultural residues with coal in existing coal plants, 2) a 15% co-firing of agricultural residues with coal in existing coal plants, and 3) a hypothetical power plant which produces electricity from 100% agricultural residues using biomass gasification technology. For comparison purposes, we analyze a current coal only option using plant specific data. We quantify life cycle energy use, greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions for electricity. Our results suggest that on a life cycle basis electricity generated from biomass can achieve a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 4% (for the 5% biomass co-firing) to 96% (for the 100% biomass gasification) compared to the coal-only option. Similarly, reductions in air pollutant emissions (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter) range from 4% to 98%. Our study indicates that life cycle analysis is a useful tool for assisting decision makers in the selection of more sustainable design options for future electricity generation.

scholarly journals Generation of Woodgas and its Rational Use for Combined Power and Heat Production at Rural Enterprises

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
V. Gulbis
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Wood Harvesting ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Gasification Technology

During the last few years combined production of electricity and heat based on biomass gasification technology and on gas utilization in gas-fired engines has been widely reconsidered. This method is more sustainable and environmentally friendly provision of energy in the future. Latvia is rich in forests and the wood processing industry is developing very fast, giving about 4.5 mill. m3 of woods residue per year. The use of wood residue does not follow the increase of wood production. In Latvia we have abundant biomass resources such as wood harvesting and wood processing residues, waste wood and sawdust. As a first attempt to introduce biomass gasification technology in Latvia some researchers at the faculty of engineering of LUA are developing an integral small scale combined heat and power (CHP) system based on a used Russian-made diesel-alternator set with electrical output 100 kWe. The diesel is converted to dual fuel gas engine, using producer gas as the main fuel and gas oil as pilot fuel. To get sufficiently clean (tar content ? 250 mg/m3) woodgas for using in IC engine a downdraft type of gasifier was chosen designed and constructed on the “IMBERT” gasifier principles. The test runs of the first experimental model showed that the engine does not develop expected power because of high resistance of gasifier and gas cleaning system does not work sufficiently enough. There was rather high level of tar content in woodgas because the temperature in the reduction zone was to low. Calculations were carried out and a new technological scheme of gasification system was worked out, introducing innovative ideas aimed on improving the working parameters. The experiments and calculations showed that such a type of CHP plant could be a technologically and economically interesting option for small sawmills and farms in rural areas.

Towards an Integrated Environmental Compensation Scheme in Spain: Linking Biodiversity and Carbon Offsets

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 1750006
Author(s):  
Álvaro Enríquez-de-Salamanca ◽  
Rosa M. Martín-Aranda ◽  
Ruben Diaz-Sierra
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Compensation Scheme ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Biodiversity Offsets ◽  
Conservation Banking ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Spanish Legislation

Biodiversity offsets and carbon markets are both environmental compensation schemes, which have much in common despite their different origins and development. They need active markets to succeed with actual offer and demand, which are currently practically non-existent in Spain. The inclusion of land use and forestry activities in greenhouse gas accounting could encourage carbon sinks, stimulating the development of carbon markets. Conservation banking was incorporated into Spanish legislation in the 2013 Environmental Assessment Act, as a tool for biodiversity offsets, but the current situation is hindering its development. Combining carbon and biodiversity offsets in a global compensation scheme would provide great opportunities: ecologically, creating and protecting habitats and species; socially, creating employment and deriving financial resources to rural areas; climatically, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration levels; and politically, contributing to the compliance of GHG emission targets. Conservation banking is an appropriate candidate for this integration in Spain, as long as it is regulated flexibly, and different bank models are allowed that are able to integrate forest and agriculture production, conservation and compensation.

scholarly journals Inferring London’s Methane Emissions from Atmospheric Measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hoare ◽  
Rod L Jones ◽  
Shiwei Fan ◽  
Neil Harris ◽  
Valerio Ferracci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Atmospheric Concentration ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Uk

<p>Major cities such as London are increasingly becoming targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by policy makers. This is due in part to their higher rate of emissions compared to more rural areas, but also due to the political powers of city level government. To ensure that emission reduction policies are successful, policy makers require accurate knowledge of how emissions change over time.</p><p>The London Greenhouse Gas Project aims to provide top-down emission estimates for London, adding a London measurement network to expand upon the UK’s existing national top-down measurement infrastructure. The national network has proved useful in contributing to the UK’s national emission reports, and the new local network will provide useful data targeted to London’s policy makers.</p><p>A series of in-situ atmospheric concentration instruments are being installed across the city and will be used to estimate London’s emissions of methane initially, with carbon dioxide emissions to follow. A medium-density urban network provides challenges in instrument calibration and siting, as well as the development of new modelling approaches to capture the urban environment and link the measurements to policy-relevant emissions estimates. There are also opportunities to link with remote observations of London, including satellite and ground-based FTIR instruments. We present considerations of setting up the new network, and results from the initial instrument installation and model development.</p>

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