scholarly journals Optimal PV-EV sizing at solar powered workplace charging stations with smart charging schemes considering self-consumption and self-sufficiency balance

2021 ◽  
pp. 118139
Author(s):  
Reza Fachrizal ◽  
Mahmoud Shepero ◽  
Magnus Åberg ◽  
Joakim Munkhammar
Keyword(s):  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Workplace Charging

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Smart Charging Strategies and Frequency Restoration Reserves Market Participation of an Electric Vehicle

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rücker ◽  
Michael Merten ◽  
Jingyu Gong ◽  
Roberto Villafáfila-Robles ◽  
Ilka Schoeneberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Automatic Frequency ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Frequency Restoration Reserve ◽  
The Impact

The emergence of electric vehicles offers the opportunity to decarbonize the transportation and mobility sector. With smart charging strategies and the use of electricity generated from renewable sources, electric vehicle owners can reduce their electricity bill as well as reduce their carbon footprint. We investigated smart charging strategies for electric vehicle charging at household and workplace sites with photovoltaic systems. Furthermore, we investigated the participation of an electric vehicle in the provision of positive automatic frequency restoration reserve (aFRR) in Germany from 30 October 2018 to 31 July 2019. We find that the provision of positive aFRR in Germany returns a positive net return. The positive net return is, however, not sufficient to cover the current investment cost for a necessary control unit. For home charging, we find that self-sufficiency rates of up to 48.1% and an electricity cost reduction of 17.6% for one year can be reached with unidirectional smart charging strategies. With bidirectional strategies, self-sufficiency rates of up to 56.7% for home charging and electricity cost reductions of up to 26.1% are reached. We also find that electric vehicle (EV) owners who can charge at their workplace can reduce their electricity cost further. The impact of smart charging strategies on battery aging is also discussed.

scholarly journals Business Models for Solar Powered Charging Stations to Develop Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 7358-7387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Robinson ◽  
Gary Brase ◽  
Wendy Griswold ◽  
Chad Jackson ◽  
Larry Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Charging Stations

scholarly journals A Brief Survey on Important Interconnection Standards for Photovoltaic Systems and Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Suvetha Poyyamani Poyyamani Sunddararaj ◽  
Shriram S. Rangarajan ◽  
Subashini Nallusamy ◽  
E. Randolph Collins ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

The consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has become most popular. Numerous studies are being carried out on the usage of EVs, the challenges of EVs, and their benefits. Based on these studies, factors such as battery charging time, charging infrastructure, battery cost, distance per charge, and the capital cost are considered factors in the adoption of electric vehicles and their interconnection with the grid. The large-scale development of electric vehicles has laid the path to Photovoltaic (PV) power for charging and grid support, as the PV panels can be placed at the top of the smart charging stations connected to a grid. By proper scheduling of PV and grid systems, the V2G connections can be made simple. For reliable operation of the grid, the ramifications associated with the PV interconnection must be properly addressed without any violations. To overcome the above issues, certain standards can be imposed on these systems. This paper mainly focuses on the various standards for EV, PV systems and their interconnection with grid-connected systems.

scholarly journals Flexibility of Electric Vehicle Demand: Analysis of Measured Charging Data and Simulation for the Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marte K. Gerritsma ◽  
Tarek A. AlSkaif ◽  
Henk A. Fidder ◽  
Wilfried G.J.H.M. van Sark
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Vehicle Demand ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
High Scenario ◽  
Evening Peak

This paper proposes a method for analyzing and simulating the time-dependent flexibility of electric vehicle (EV) demand. This flexibility is influenced by charging power, which depends on the charging stations, the EV characteristics, and several environmental factors. Detailed charging station data from a Dutch case study have been analysed and used as input for a simulation. In the simulation, the interdependencies between plug-in time, connection duration, and required energy are respected. The data analysis of measured data reveals that 59% of the aggregated EV demand can be delayed for more than 8 h, and 16% for even more than 24 h. The evening peak shows high flexibility, confirming the feasibility of congestion management using smart charging within flexibility constraints. The results from the simulation show that the average daily EV demand increases by a factor 21 between the ‘Present-day’ and the ‘High’ scenario, while the maximum EV demand peak increases only by a factor 6, as a result of the limited simultaneity of the transactions. Further, simulations using the average charging power of individual measured transactions yield more accurate results than simulations using a fixed value for charging power. The proposed method for simulating future EV flexibility provides a basis for testing different smart charging algorithms.

scholarly journals Data-driven modeling of solar-powered urban microgrids

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e1500700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arda Halu ◽  
Antonio Scala ◽  
Abdulaziz Khiyami ◽  
Marta C. González
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Spatial Constraints ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Cost Constraints ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Data Driven Modeling ◽  
The City

Distributed generation takes center stage in today’s rapidly changing energy landscape. Particularly, locally matching demand and generation in the form of microgrids is becoming a promising alternative to the central distribution paradigm. Infrastructure networks have long been a major focus of complex networks research with their spatial considerations. We present a systemic study of solar-powered microgrids in the urban context, obeying real hourly consumption patterns and spatial constraints of the city. We propose a microgrid model and study its citywide implementation, identifying the self-sufficiency and temporal properties of microgrids. Using a simple optimization scheme, we find microgrid configurations that result in increased resilience under cost constraints. We characterize load-related failures solving power flows in the networks, and we show the robustness behavior of urban microgrids with respect to optimization using percolation methods. Our findings hint at the existence of an optimal balance between cost and robustness in urban microgrids.

scholarly journals Swarm Intelligence-Based Smart Energy Allocation Strategy for Charging Stations of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Rahman ◽  
Pandian M. Vasant ◽  
Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh ◽  
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Allocation Strategy ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Charging Stations

Recent researches towards the use of green technologies to reduce pollution and higher penetration of renewable energy sources in the transportation sector have been gaining popularity. In this wake, extensive participation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) requires adequate charging allocation strategy using a combination of smart grid systems and smart charging infrastructures. Daytime charging stations will be needed for daily usage of PHEVs due to the limited all-electric range. Intelligent energy management is an important issue which has already drawn much attention of researchers. Most of these works require formulation of mathematical models with extensive use of computational intelligence-based optimization techniques to solve many technical problems. In this paper, gravitational search algorithm (GSA) has been applied and compared with another member of swarm family, particle swarm optimization (PSO), considering constraints such as energy price, remaining battery capacity, and remaining charging time. Simulation results obtained for maximizing the highly nonlinear objective function evaluate the performance of both techniques in terms of best fitness.

scholarly journals Sizing of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Smart Charging Capabilities and Quality of Service Requirements

2021 ◽  
pp. 102872
Author(s):  
Alireza Khaksari ◽  
Georgios Tsaousoglou ◽  
Prodromos Makris ◽  
Konstantinos Steriotis ◽  
Nikolaos Efthymiopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations
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