scholarly journals A Brief Survey on Important Interconnection Standards for Photovoltaic Systems and Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Suvetha Poyyamani Poyyamani Sunddararaj ◽  
Shriram S. Rangarajan ◽  
Subashini Nallusamy ◽  
E. Randolph Collins ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

The consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has become most popular. Numerous studies are being carried out on the usage of EVs, the challenges of EVs, and their benefits. Based on these studies, factors such as battery charging time, charging infrastructure, battery cost, distance per charge, and the capital cost are considered factors in the adoption of electric vehicles and their interconnection with the grid. The large-scale development of electric vehicles has laid the path to Photovoltaic (PV) power for charging and grid support, as the PV panels can be placed at the top of the smart charging stations connected to a grid. By proper scheduling of PV and grid systems, the V2G connections can be made simple. For reliable operation of the grid, the ramifications associated with the PV interconnection must be properly addressed without any violations. To overcome the above issues, certain standards can be imposed on these systems. This paper mainly focuses on the various standards for EV, PV systems and their interconnection with grid-connected systems.

scholarly journals Perceived Usage Potential of Fast-Charging Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Krause ◽  
Stefan Ladwig ◽  
Lotte Saupp ◽  
Denis Horn ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
User Perspectives ◽  
Model Point

Fast-charging infrastructure with charging time of 20–30 min can help minimizing current perceived limitations of electric vehicles, especially considering the unbalanced and incomprehensive distribution of charging options combined with a long perceived charging time. Positioned on optimal location from user and business perspective, the technology is assumed to help increasing the usage of an electric vehicle (EV). Considering the user perspectives, current and potential EV users were interviewed in two different surveys about optimal fast-charging locations depending on travel purposes and relevant location criteria. The obtained results show that customers prefer to rather charge at origins and destinations than during the trip. For longer distances, charging locations on axes with attractive points of interest are also considered as optimal. From the business model point of view, fast-charging stations at destinations are controversial. The expensive infrastructure and the therefore needed large number of charging sessions are in conflict with the comparatively time consuming stay.

scholarly journals A smart management system of electric vehicles charging plans on the highway charging stations

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Ibrahim El-Fedany ◽  
Driss Kiouach ◽  
Rachid Alaoui
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Trip Time ◽  
Automatic Mechanism ◽  
Charging Stations

Electric vehicles (EVs) are seen as one of the principal pillars of smart transportation to relieve the airborne pollution induced by fossil CO2 emissions. However, the battery limit, especially where the journey is with a long-distance road remains the most formidable obstacle to the large-scale use of EVs. To overcome the issue of prolonged waiting charging time due to the large number of EVs may have a charging plan at the same charging station (CS) along the highway, we propose a communication system to manage the EVs charging demands. The architecture system contains a smart scheduling algorithm to minimize trip time including waiting time, previous reservations and energyare needed to reach the destination. Moreover, an automatic mechanism for updating reservation is integrated to adjust the EVs charging plans. The results of the evaluation under the Moroccan highway scenario connecting Rabat and Agadir show the effectiveness of our proposal system.<br /><div> </div>

scholarly journals Assessment of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources for the Charging Infrastructure of Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-550
Author(s):  
A. D. Gorbunova ◽  
I. A. Anisimov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
The City

Application of renewable energy sources is a relevant area of energy supply for urban infrastructure. In 2019, the share of energy produced by such sources reached 11% (for solar energy) and 22% (for wind energy) of the total energy produced during the year. However, these systems require an improvement in their efficiency that can be achieved by introducing electric vehicles. They can accumulate, store and transfer surplus energy to the city’s power grid. A solution to this problem is a smart charging infrastructure. The existing studies in the field of charging infrastructure organization for electric vehicles consider only models locating charging stations in the city or the calculation of their required number. These calculations are based on socio-economic factors and images of a potential owner of an electric vehicle. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a methodology for determining the location of charging stations and their required number. The calculation will include the operating features of the existing charging infrastructure, which has not been done before. Thus, the purpose of this article is to research the operation of the existing charging infrastructure. This will provide an opportunity to develop approaches to the energy supply of charging infrastructure and city’s power grid from renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of data on the number of charging sessions during the year, month and day. This data enable us to construct curves of the charging session number and suggest ways to conduct the next stages of this study. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2020-01251 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Investigation of the Impact of Large-Scale Integration of Electric Vehicles for a Swedish Distribution Network

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Johansson ◽  
Jonas Persson ◽  
Stavros Lazarou ◽  
Andreas Theocharis
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Large Scale Integration ◽  
Scale Integration ◽  
The Impact

Social considerations for a sustainable future lead to market demands for electromobility. Hence, electrical power distribution operators are concerned about the real ongoing problem of the electrification of the transport sector. In this regard, the paper aims to investigate the large-scale integration of electric vehicles in a Swedish distribution network. To this end, the integration pattern is taken into consideration as appears in the literature for other countries and applies to the Swedish culture. Moreover, different charging power levels including smart charging techniques are examined for several percentages of electric vehicles penetration. Industrial simulation tools proven for their accuracy are used for the study. The results indicate that the grid can manage about 50% electric vehicles penetration at its current capacity. This percentage decreases when higher charging power levels apply, while the transformers appear overloaded in many cases. The investigation of alternatives to increase the grid’s capabilities reveal that smart techniques are comparable to the conventional re-dimension of the grid. At present, the increased integration of electric vehicles is manageable by implementing a combination of smart gird and upgrade investments in comparison to technically expensive alternatives based on grid digitalization and algorithms that need to be further confirmed for their reliability for power sharing and energy management.

Swarm Intelligence-Based Optimization for PHEV Charging Stations

2015 ◽  
pp. 374-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Rahman ◽  
Pandian Vasant ◽  
Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh ◽  
M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Gravitational Search Algorithm ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Charging Stations

In this chapter, Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique were applied for intelligent allocation of energy to the Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). Considering constraints such as energy price, remaining battery capacity, and remaining charging time, they optimized the State-of-Charge (SoC), a key performance indicator in hybrid electric vehicle for the betterment of charging infrastructure. Simulation results obtained for maximizing the highly non-linear objective function evaluates the performance of both techniques in terms of global best fitness and computation time.

scholarly journals Simulation of Future Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior—Effects of Transition from PHEV to FEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igna Vermeulen ◽  
Jurjen Rienk Helmus ◽  
Mike Lees ◽  
Robert van den Hoed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
Charging Stations

The Netherlands is a frontrunner in the field of public charging infrastructure, having one of the highest number of public charging stations per electric vehicle (EV) in the world. During the early years of adoption (2012–2015), a large percentage of the EV fleet were plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) due to the subsidy scheme at that time. With an increasing number of full electric vehicles (FEVs) on the market and a current subsidy scheme for FEVs only, a transition of the EV fleet from PHEV to FEV is expected. This is hypothesized to have an effect on the charging behavior of the complete fleet, and is reason to understand better how PHEVs and FEVs differ in charging behavior and how this impacts charging infrastructure usage. In this paper, the effects of the transition of PHEV to FEV is simulated by extending an existing agent-based model. Results show important effects of this transition on charging infrastructure performance.

scholarly journals Studying the Formation of the Charging Session Number at Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5571
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gorbunova ◽  
Ilya Anisimov ◽  
Elena Magaril
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Stations

The energy industry is a leader of introduction and development of energy supply technologies from renewable energy sources. However, there are some disadvantages of these energy systems, namely, the low density and inconsistent nature of the energy input, which leads to an increase in the cost of the produced electric energy in comparison to the traditional energy complexes using hydrocarbon fuel resources. Therefore, the smart grid technology based on preliminary calculation parameters of the energy system develops in cities. This area should also be used to organize the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles, as the electrification of road transport is one of the global trends. As a result, a current task of the transport and energy field is the development of scientifically based approaches to the formation of the urban charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the application flow formation for the charge of the electric vehicle battery. The results obtained provide a basis for building a simulation model for determining the required number of charging stations in the city, taking into account the criteria of minimizing operating costs for electric vehicle owners and energy companies.

scholarly journals Operating Charging Infrastructure in China to Achieve Sustainable Transportation: The Choice between Company-Owned and Franchised Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ma ◽  
Yuefan Zhai ◽  
Tian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Operation Cost ◽  
Optimal Quality

The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) is conducive to clean transportation, which is an important aspect of sustainable infrastructure. However, the introduction of EVs is constrained by the lagging development of EV chargers. To optimally promote the development of charging stations, we analyzed the differences in the optimal quality and quantity of EV chargers between company-owned and franchised enterprises by constructing a theoretical model, and the changes in the quality and quantity of EV chargers in different market environments are discussed. We found that the total number of franchised charging stations was larger in general, but that the quality of the franchised charging stations was worse compared with the company-owned stations. The supervision cost, operation cost, and the investment return affect the quality and quantity of EV chargers. Although franchised structures are more conducive in the initial stage to increasing the number of charging stations to meet the needs of EVs, company-owned structures perform better and will be needed to improve the quality of the EV chargers as the market becomes more saturated, necessitating a higher quality of EV chargers.

Study on the Harmonic Impact of Large Scale Electric Vehicles to Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceng Ceng Hao ◽  
Yue Jin Tang ◽  
Jing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Harmonic Problem

Large scale electric vehicles integration into power grid, as nonlinear loads, will pose inevitable impacts on the operation of power system, one of which the harmonic problem will affect the power quality greatly. Firstly, the article analyzes the characteristics of harmonic caused by electric vehicle charging. And then, the harmonic flow distribution is analyzed based on the IEEE standard node systems. During transient analyses, the electric vehicle charging stations connected to electric grid are represented as harmonic sources. Results show that structure and voltage grade of electric grid, capacity and access points of electric vehicle charging load will have different effects on harmonic problem. At last, a few conclusions are given for connecting electric vehicles to electric grid.

scholarly journals Latvian Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Infrastructure: Results of the First Year of Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Aivars Rubenis ◽  
Aigars Laizans ◽  
Andra Zvirbule
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
First Year ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Large Dispersion ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract This article presents preliminary analysis of the Latvian national EV fast - charging network after the first year of operation. The first phase of Latvian national EV fast-charging network was launched in 2018 with 70 charging stations on the TEN-T roads and in the largest towns and cities. The article looks at the initial results, both looking at the total capacity utilization for individual charging stations, determining the hourly charging distribution; and to the utilization of the network as a whole. The results present that there is a very large dispersion of the data, most of the charging events happening in a few charging stations in and around the capital of Latvia. However, there have been charging events in all charging stations, even in the most remote ones. Even more skewed distribution was observed analyzing the charging habits of the EV users, with 10 % of users accounting for more than half of the charging events. This should be taken into account when considering applying the results for the future, expecting larger number of electric vehicles in Latvia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document