Hybrid origin of the invasive Spartina anglica inferred from chloroplast and nuclear ITS phylogenies

2021 ◽  
pp. 103484
Author(s):  
Buhari Lawan Muhammad ◽  
Jang-Seu Ki
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Spartina Anglica ◽  
Nuclear Its

Speciation in North American water lilies: evidence for the hybrid origin of the newly discovered Canadian endemic Nymphaea loriana sp. nov. (Nymphaeaceae) in a past contact zone

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 867-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borsch ◽  
John H. Wiersema ◽  
C. Barre Hellquist ◽  
Cornelia Löhne ◽  
Kim Govers
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Gene Trees ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Nuclear Its

Field observations of morphologically intermediate water lilies in central Canada suggested a hybrid origin involving the parents Nymphaea odorata Aiton and Nymphaea leibergii Morong despite the fertile nature of these plants. Sequencing of the nrITS and the plastid rps4–trnT–trnF regions further including all members of the north temperate Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea clade, and samples from other hybrids occurring in North America in the wild, allowed us to determine that individuals of N. leibergii and of N. odorata were the maternal and paternal parents, respectively. Hybrids of New England have all proven to be sterile, are genetically variable, and probably are F1. By comparison, the plants of east-central Saskatchewan and west-central Manitoba are fully fertile and genetically uniform based on ISSR and sequence data. On the basis of this evidence, the latter are here described as a new species, Nymphaea loriana sp. nov., which may have originated during the Holocene climatic optimum about 6000 years ago in a past contact zone of the parents. Further hybrids detected between N. odorata and Nymphaea tetragona Georgi, as well as between N. leibergii and N. tetragona, were always sterile. Gene trees of the temperate clade of Nymphaea converge on a clade of small-flowered water lilies (sect. Chamaenymphaea), including N. leibergii, N. tetragona, and Nymphaea pygmaea. Nuclear ITS further resolves an American clade (Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. – N. odorata) sister to all remaining species. This split into two major subclades also appears in the otherwise less resolved rps4–trnT–trnF tree. Thus the origin of N. loriana is a reticulation between long-separated parental lineages.

scholarly journals Molecular evidence for the status of Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. and B. decipiens Warnst. in the old and new World

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Maria Galkina ◽  
Olga Razumova ◽  
Igor Yatsenko ◽  
Olga Yatsenko ◽  
Yulia Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Regions ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Earlier, we have established that the European blackjack, which in many literary sources is cited as an invasive North American Bidens connata, was described by Carl Warnstorf back in 1895 as B. decipiens and had a hybrid origin (B. frondosa × B. cernua). In this study, we continue to compare the genomes of B. connata and B. decipiens by molecular genetics and cytological methods. The objects are the F1 offsprings of B. frondosa, B. connata, and B. cernua collected in 2018 from Minnesota and Wisconsin (USA), grown from seeds in the greenhouse conditions of N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as samples of B. decipiens, B. frondosa and B. cernua collected from Eastern Europe (Belarus and European Russia). The nucleotide sequences of nuclear (ITS 1–2) and chloroplast (trnL– trnF and rpl32–trnL) DNA were studied. Analysis of the ITS 1–2 site showed that B. connata individuals of North America are not hybrids. Analysis of the chloroplast DNA regions confirmed that both taxa, B. connata and B. decipiens, are evolutionarily close to B. cernua. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(1): 1-10, 2021 (June)

Is Rosa × archipelagica (Rosaceae, Rosoideae) really a spontaneous intersectional hybrid between R. rugosa and R. maximowicziana? Molecular data confirmation and evidence of paternal leakage

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 428 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
IVAN A. SCHANZER ◽  
ALINA V. FEDOROVA ◽  
MARIA A. GALKINA ◽  
ELENA A. CHUBAR ◽  
ALEXANDER V. RODIONOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
Intergenic Spacers ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Maternal Genome ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Nuclear Its

Rosa × archipelagica is a spontaneous hybrid between Rosa rugosa and R. maximowicziana distributed, together with its parental taxa, on the coast of a small Stenina Island in the Peter the Great Gulf, the Sea of Japan (Russian Far East). Its hybrid origin is confirmed by direct electropherogram comparisons of PCR products and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ITS 1–2 and plastid intergenic spacers trnH–psbA and ndhC–trnV. The plastome markers indicate R. maximowicziana as the maternal genome donor of Rosa × archipelagica, however, one specimen shows also signs of heteroplasmy. This is the first evidence of possible biparental inheritance of plastids in rose hybrids. The results do not show whether the hybrid plants all belong to F1 or further generations of hybrids.

The hybrid status of Spartina anglica (Poaceae). Enzymatic analysis of the species and of the presumed parents

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1830-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Guenegou ◽  
J. Citharel ◽  
J. E. Levasseur
Keyword(s):  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Enzymatic Analysis ◽  
Spartina Anglica ◽  
The West ◽  
Enzymatic Systems

Three enzymatic systems were analysed in Spartina alterniflora Loisel., S. maritima (Curt.) Fernald, and S. anglica C. E. Hubbard, using samples gathered in the west of France. Examination of the acid phosphatases, esterases, and superoxide dismutases demonstrates certain analogies found in the three species. The hypothesis of a hybrid origin for S. anglica remains probable and is indeed enhanced by the isoforms of the esterases.

Paepalanthus fabianeae (Eriocaulaceae): A New Microendemic Species from a Morphologically Coherent Clade

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-801
Author(s):  
Caroline Oliveira Andrino ◽  
Marcelo Fragomeni Simon ◽  
Jair Eustáquio Quintino Faria ◽  
André Luiz da Costa Moreira ◽  
Paulo Takeo Sano
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Infrageneric Classification ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract—We describe and illustrate Paepalanthus fabianeae, a new species of Eriocaulaceae from the central portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Previous phylogenetic evidence based on analyses of nuclear (ITS and ETS) and plastid (trnL-trnF and psba-trnH) sequences revealed P. fabianeae as belonging to a strongly supported and morphologically coherent clade containing five other species, all of them microendemic, restricted to the Espinhaço range. Due to the infrageneric classification of Paepalanthus being highly artificial, we preferred not assigning P. fabianeae to any infrageneric group. Paepalanthus fabianeae is known from two populations growing in campos rupestres (highland rocky fields) in the meridional Espinhaço Range. The species is characterized by pseudodichotomously branched stems, small, linear, recurved, and reflexed leaves, urceolate capitula, and bifid stigmas. Illustrations, photos, the phylogenetic position, and a detailed description, as well as comments on habitat, morphology, and affinities with similar species are provided. The restricted area of occurrence allied with threats to the quality of the habitat, mainly due to quartzite mining, justifies the preliminary classification of the new species in the Critically Endangered (CR) category using the guidelines and criteria of the IUCN Red List.

Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-778
Author(s):  
Eranga Wettewa ◽  
Nick Bailey ◽  
Lisa E. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Geographic Structure ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cryptic Taxa

Abstract—Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.

ITS sequence variation supports the hybrid origin of Malus toringoides Hughes

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Feng ◽  
Zhi-Qin Zhou ◽  
Jian-Min Tang ◽  
Ming-Hao Cheng ◽  
Shi-Liang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Gene Tree ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Aflp Data

Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes was suggested to have originated from hybridization between Malus transitoria Schneid. and Malus kansuensis Rehd., followed by repeated backcrossing to one of the putative parents. In the present study, the sequence information of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was used to re-examine the origin of this species. A total of 69 accessions from three natural populations (Maerkang, Xiaba and Kehe, Aba Autonomous Region, Sichuan, China) of M. toringoides and 10 accessions of its putative parents were analyzed. Using Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx., Malus ioensis (Wood) Britt. and Malus doumeri Chev. as outgroups, our phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequences of M. toringoides and its putative parents showed that M. toringoides was not monophyletic, and two different types of ITS sequences which were obtained from each of the six accessions of M. toringoides were found to have clustered separately with those of the two putative parent species on the gene tree. A comparison of the sequence variation between M. toringoides and its putative parents revealed an additive variation pattern of ITS sequences in the putative hybrid species. These results are consistent with the previous morphological and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) data which suggested that M. toringoides was of hybrid origin. Our ITS data provide new molecular evidence for the hybrid origin hypothesis of M. toringoides and these results are of great importance for future study on hybridization, polyploid speciation and evolution of the genus Malus Miller.

Detecting hybridization in African schistosome species: does egg morphology complement molecular species identification?

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (7) ◽  
pp. 954-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
NELE A. M. BOON ◽  
WOUTER FANNES ◽  
SARA ROMBOUTS ◽  
KATJA POLMAN ◽  
FILIP A. M. VOLCKAERT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Hybrid Detection ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Schistosoma Bovis ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Nuclear Its

SUMMARYHybrid parasites may have an increased transmission potential and higher virulence compared to their parental species. Consequently, hybrid detection is critical for disease control. Previous crossing experiments showed that hybrid schistosome eggs have distinct morphotypes. We therefore compared the performance of egg morphology with molecular markers with regard to detecting hybridization in schistosomes. We studied the morphology of 303 terminal-spined eggs, originating from 19 individuals inhabiting a hybrid zone with natural crosses between the human parasite Schistosoma haematobium and the livestock parasite Schistosoma bovis in Senegal. The egg sizes showed a high variability and ranged between 92·4 and 176·4 µm in length and between 35·7 and 93·0 µm in width. No distinct morphotypes were found and all eggs resembled, to varying extent, the typical S. haematobium egg type. However, molecular analyses on the same eggs clearly showed the presence of two distinct partial mitochondrial cox1 profiles, namely S. bovis and S. haematobium, and only a single nuclear ITS rDNA profile (S. haematobium). Therefore, in these particular crosses, egg morphology appears not a good indicator of hybrid ancestry. We conclude by discussing strengths and limitations of molecular methods to detect hybrids in the context of high-throughput screening of field samples.

scholarly journals Needle morphological evidence of the homoploid hybrid origin of P inus densata based on analysis of artificial hybrids and the putative parents, P inus tabuliformis and P inus yunnanensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1890-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangqian Xing ◽  
Jian‐Feng Mao ◽  
Jingxiang Meng ◽  
Jianfeng Dai ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Homoploid Hybrid
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