Invention Versus Gold Standard: A Hands-On Research Pearl on Study Design and Statistical Concerns

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 3266-3270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Kartus ◽  
Mark P. Cote
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Hands On

Temperature Measurement—Gold Standard

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
MARTIN E. WEISSE
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Relative Accuracy ◽  
Temperature Determination ◽  
Conventional Methods

To the Editor.— I would like to comment on the article by Freed and Fraley in the March 1992 issue of Pediatrics.1 I have no argument with their study design and in fact applaud them for using Altman and Bland's method of analysis. Their conclusions, as written, are correct, that the tympanic thermometer "is unreliable compared with conventional methods of temperature determination." The three issues that I would like to raise are: (1) the relative accuracy of rectal and tympanic temperatures in predicting core temperature, (2) rectal temperature as the "gold standard," and (3) axillary thermometry as an acceptable conventional method of clinical temperature.

scholarly journals Temporal Artery Temperature Measurement in the Neonate

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashette Syrkin-Nikolau ◽  
Karen Johnson ◽  
Tarah Colaizy ◽  
Ruthann Schrock ◽  
Edward Bell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Temporal Artery ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective We compared an infrared temporal artery thermometer with our clinical standard axillary thermometer for temperature measurements in neonatal patients. Study Design We measured temporal artery (Tta), axillary (Tax, clinical standard), and rectal (Tr, gold standard) temperatures of 49 infants. The difference between Tr and Tta was compared with that between Tr and Tax, and the data were analyzed based on bed type and postmenstrual age. Results The mean Tta, Tax, and Tr were 37.16 (SD 0.36) °C, 36.61 (SD 0.30) °C, and 36.82 (SD 0.30) °C, respectively. The measurements by these methods were all significantly different. The mean Tr-Tax was 0.21 (SD 0.26) °C, and the mean Tr-Tta was −0.34 (SD 0.37) °C, indicating that Tax was closer to Tr than was Tta (p < 0.0001). Tta agreed more closely with Tr for infants in cribs than for those in incubators. Adjusting for bed type and body weight, with each week of postmenstrual age, the discrepancy between Tr-Tta and Tr-Tax decreased by 0.005°C (p = 0.034). Conclusion Compared with the gold standard, Tr, Tta is not more accurate than Tax. The temporal artery thermometer was less accurate for infants in incubators than for infants in cribs. The accuracy of temporal artery temperature increased with postmenstrual age.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Malaria Diagnosis: Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDTs) Against Microscopy among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Specialist Hospital, Sokoto

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
K. Mohammed ◽  
M. U. Iduh ◽  
S. M. Saheed ◽  
O. F. Ashcroft ◽  
M. K. Garba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. It was estimated that 219 million cases of malaria occur in 87 countries, with an estimated death of 435,000 in 2017 among pregnant women. Other species include P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae is a blood parasite of human and is one of the major public health burdens in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that about 3.5 billion people globally and 450 million people are thought to be ill as a result of such infections, the majority being children. Aims: This study was aimed at comparing RDTs against microscopy in the detection of malaria parasite among pregnant women. Samples were collected and analyzed following cross-sectional comparative study design. It was conducted between Septembers to November 2019. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional, comparative study Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted among patients attending Specialist Hospital Sokoto, Sokoto State, between March and November, 2019. Methodology: A total of 106 participants were enrolled for the study. Standard parasitological examination was carried out on blood samples using microscopy followed by Rapid Diagnostic test (RDTs). Results: Finding revealed, in this study, CareStart kit had sensitivity of 77.7%, specificity of 100s%. It is expected that any RDT used for malaria diagnosis should have a high sensitivity of 95% and specificity 97% (WHO, 2003); this is in contrast with the RDTs results in this study. The false negative (FN) Carestart and SD-Bioline kits in this study were 10% and 21%, respectively using microscopy as the gold standard due to lack of sensitivity of RDTs at low parsitaemia compared to microscopy. The false positive rate in this study for the Carestart and SD-Bioline kits are 0% and 0% respectively. Out of 106 patients screened, 35% and 24% tested positive for Plasmodiumfalciparum using Carestart and SD-Bioline RDTs respectively, while 45% were positive to malaria by microscopic examination. There was high prevalence of malaria parasite among age group 18-23 which is 42.2%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that using microscopy is more time consuming compared to RDTs due to the fact that the time taken to read the results for RDTs is within five minutes and that of microscopy is higher compared to RDTs. Over all prevalence of malaria by microscopy was 42.5% while the prevalence of malaria by Carestart and SD-bioline was 33% and 22.6% respectively. Conventional microscopy remains the gold standard compared to RDTs according to this study with the level of its sensitivity and specificity which is higher than RDTs.

scholarly journals Practical pregraduate teaching in Human Anatomy: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ((S1)) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
José Ramón Sañudo ◽  
◽  
Ernest F. Talarico ◽  
Fabrice Duparc ◽  
Teresa Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Education ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Anatomical Models ◽  
Topographical Anatomy ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Practical Session

There is a general agreement in all fields of sciences that practical pre-graduate education in human anatomy is absolutely necessary. It constitutes an inseparable partner with theoretical learning on the path to knowledge. As such is it critical to (1) establish the set of specific objectives for each practical session (PS), and (2) define more precisely the outcomes (i.e., knowledge, skills and attitudes) that are expected by students. The principle for efficiency of practical sessions (PSs) is that they should take place immediately after didactic sessions of the corresponding topic(s). In this way, students could best reinforce their learning. Considering that the morphology of the human body can be learned by means other than direct observation/dissection of anatomical donors, media, models and imaging have also gained popularity as “anatomy learning tools” in recent years. Imaging is a perfect complement for teaching in the dissecting room, but always in correlation with the reality of bodydonor sections, prosections and dissections of the same region. Anatomical models and computer programs express the reality of the human body, however, anatomical variations and many other qualities (i.e., surgical skills, ethics, pathology, professionalism) can only be appreciated via hands-on use of an anatomical donor to science. Therefore, the anatomical donor remains the Gold Standard for anatomy teaching, especially topographical Anatomy.

Accuracy of Model Estimation versus Tanaka and Johnston Arch Length Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Lauren M White ◽  
Nathan E Kirk ◽  
Jeffrey A Dean
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Mixed Dentition ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Model Estimation ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Pediatric Dentists ◽  
Length Analysis

Objectives: This study examines how accurate pediatric dentists are at estimating dental arch lengths by comparing their model estimations (guesstimating the arch length without measuring) to the Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition arch length analysis. Study Design: This study consisted of two parts, a survey of practitioners and a model estimating and measuring component. The survey was designed and given to 44 pediatric dentists to determine how many were practicing orthodontics and using arch length analyses routinely. Then 18 pediatric dentists and 13 pediatric dental residents examined 20 sets of mixed dentition models and estimated how much space was available. These estimations were compared to the calculated gold standard, the Tanaka and Johnston arch length analysis of the same models. Results and Conclusions: More than half of the dentists surveyed that practice comprehensive orthodontics use arch length estimates. Pediatric dentists and pediatric dental residents are just as good as each other at estimating arch length. Pediatric dentists and pediatric dental residents underestimated arch length by –3.6 and –3.1 mm, respectively. More research needs to be done to determine if model estimation is a clinically acceptable way to judge arch length.

Rapid clinical mutational testing of KRAS, BRAF and EGFR: a prospective comparative analysis of the Idylla technique with high-throughput next-generation sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Van Haele ◽  
Sara Vander Borght ◽  
An Ceulemans ◽  
Michiel Wieërs ◽  
Sofie Metsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Mutational Status ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AimsPrecision medicine therapy is remodelling the diagnostic landscape of cancer. The success of these new therapies is often based on the presence or absence of a specific mutation in a tumour. The Idylla platform is designed to determine the mutational status of a tumour as quickly and accurately as possible, as a rapid, accurate diagnosis is of the utmost importance for the treatment of patients. This is the first complete prospective study to investigate the robustness of the Idylla platform for EGFR, KRAS and BRAF mutations in non-small cell lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and metastatic melanoma, respectively.MethodsWe compared prospectively the Idylla platform with the results we obtained from parallel high-throughput next-generation sequencing, which is the current gold standard for mutational testing. Furthermore, we evaluated the benefits and disadvantages of the Idylla platform in clinical practice. Additionally, we reviewed all the published Idylla performance articles.ResultsThere was an overall agreement of 100%, 94% and 94% between the next-generation panel and the Idylla BRAF, KRAS and EGFR mutation test. Two interesting discordant findings among 48 cases were observed and will be discussed together with the advantages and shortcoming of both techniques.ConclusionOur observations demonstrate that the Idylla cartridge for the EGFR, KRAS and BRAF mutations is highly accurate, rapid and has a limited hands-on time compared with next-generation sequencing.

scholarly journals BUCCAL MUCOSAL TUMORS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1540-1543
Author(s):  
Adnan Ahmed ◽  
Muslim Khahro ◽  
Mushtaque Ali Memon ◽  
Surwaich Ali Channa ◽  
Arhama Shah
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Imaging Department ◽  
Histopathological Results

Objectives: To know the accuracy of puffed cheek technique in detecting buccalmucosal tumor keeping histopathology as gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Radiology and Imaging Department of Liaquat University of restorative and HealthSciences, cases were referred from dental department. Period: 2014 to 2015. Subjects andMethods: All these patients were underwent subsequently CT scan and histopathology. TheCT results were then compared with the histopathological results. Results: Total number ofpatients comprising my study was 44. Out of these 28 were males and 16 patients were females.Range of the age was from 25 to 55 years with mean of 36.2+4.3 years. The results provedthat sensitivity 88.2%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive values PPV was 100% and thenegative predictive values NPV 71.4% of CT scan with puffed cheek technique in detectingmucosal tumors while overall accuracy of CT in diagnosing buccal mucosal tumors patientswas 90.9%. Conclusion: CT puffed cheek is accurate technique to detect small buccal mucosaltumors.

scholarly journals Northwestern University Flexible Subischial Vacuum Socket for persons with transfemoral amputation-Part 1: Description of technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Fatone ◽  
Ryan Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Residual Limb ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Northwestern University

Background:Current transfemoral prosthetic sockets restrict function, lack comfort, and cause residual limb problems. Lower proximal trim lines are an appealing way to address this problem. Development of a more comfortable and possibly functional subischial socket may contribute to improving quality of life of persons with transfemoral amputation.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to (1) describe the design and fabrication of a new subischial socket and (2) describe efforts to teach this technique.Study design:Development project.Methods:Socket development involved defining the following: subject and liner selection, residual limb evaluation, casting, positive mold rectification, check socket fitting, definitive socket fabrication, and troubleshooting of socket fit. Three hands-on workshops to teach the socket were piloted and attended by 30 certified prosthetists and their patient models.Results:Patient models responded positively to the comfort, range of motion, and stability of the new socket while prosthetists described the technique as “straight forward, reproducible.”Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to create a teachable subischial socket, and while it appears promising, more definitive evaluation is needed.Clinical relevanceWe developed the Northwestern University Flexible Subischial Vacuum (NU-FlexSIV) Socket as a more comfortable alternative to current transfemoral sockets and demonstrated that it could be taught successfully to prosthetists.

Marksmanship as a critical military occupational task

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 2058-2062
Author(s):  
K. Blake Mitchell ◽  
Linda Bossi ◽  
William Harper ◽  
Gabriella Larkin ◽  
Jay McNamara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Target Engagement ◽  
Specific Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Occupational Task ◽  
Performance Research

A variety of methodologies are used to assess marksmanship performance, and while all are relevant, their constraints must be understood so that the portability and applicability of results are realized. Some measures are more appropriate for specific research questions than others. While some consider live fire to be the gold standard, it has several drawbacks. Many alternative methods (i.e., simulated target engagement) allow for controlled data collection and may be more appropriate than live fire, depending on their application and study design. The panelists represent a wide variety of experience conducting research investigating marksmanship performance, and applying a range of marksmanship tools and metrics for different applications. This panel will discuss the relative merits and limitations of their approaches (tools, metrics, methods, engagement scenarios) in an effort to provide the landscape of current approaches and issues in marksmanship performance research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document