Classification of weather clusters over the Middle East associated with high atmospheric dust-AODs in West Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 105682
Author(s):  
Kaveh Mohammadpour ◽  
Maurizio Sciortino ◽  
Dimitris G. Kaskaoutis
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Weather Clusters

scholarly journals Terroryzm sponsorowany przez państwa. Casus bliskowschodnich państw-sponsorów

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Artur Wejkszner
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Direct Support

The point of interest in this paper is the issue of state-sponsored terrorism. The essence of this form of terrorism is the intentional (indirect or direct) support, offered by state sponsors to terrorist organizations, and the intention to let them achieve their political, strategic or tactical goals, usually concerning the citizens, governments or the territory of third-party countries. The paper presents a classification of the range of such support and concentrates on the analysis of the motives and means applied by the state sponsors. Owing to historical conditions and the range and scope of support granted, the paper uses the examples of Iran, Syria and Iraq. Only the former two states offer permanent support to terrorist organizations in the Middle East. After the collapse of Saddam Hussein’s regime, Iraqi authorities have abandoned this activity as it was actually harmful to the interests of their country.

Decolonizing Tribal “Genealogies” in the Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-496
Author(s):  
Najwa Adra
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Tribal Populations ◽  
Uncritical Acceptance ◽  
Continued Use

The continued use of the term “tribe” to describe groups with segmentary organization in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has long been recognized as problematic, albeit without viable alternative English translations of the local terms: qabīla, ‘ashīra, sha‘b, ‘ilt, and others. Yet the equally problematic but enduring uncritical acceptance of genealogical classification of MENA's tribes leads to fundamental misunderstandings of the basic principles of tribal organization as well as the multiple roles of kinship in the region. This propensity is not only misleading but is loaded with social evolutionary assumptions about presumed “stages of development” that hinder scholarship on tribes and have a negative impact on international policy toward countries like Yemen with significant self-identified tribal populations. Key to this essay is the wide diversity and flexibility in the terminology applied to tribal segments and in the sizes of segments.

scholarly journals Non-State Actors in the Middle East: Towards a New Typology

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-214
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Naumkin ◽  
Vasily A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World Politics ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
New Approach ◽  
State Orientation ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Political Realities

The latest developments in world politics have invariably shown the growing role of non-state actors (NSAs) in international affairs. Although this factor has drawn increased attention in both academic discourse and applied research, problems related to NSA typology remain unclarified. The present paper analyzes existing approaches to the categorization of various NSAs operating in the global political arena and proves that the available classifications of NSAs fail to represent present-day political realities, particularly in the Middle East. Proceeding from Phillip Taylor’s renowned classification of NSAs, the authors offer a new approach to differentiating NSAs acting in the Middle East, and suggest using such criteria as their relation to the state in terms of functions, state orientation, objectives, and system of management. For reasons of space, the present paper does not discuss the funding of NSAs’ operations and the extent to which they resort to violence in their activities.

2 Minority Identities in the Middle East: Religious Minorities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castellino Joshua ◽  
Cavanaugh Kathleen A
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Minority ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Baha'i Faith ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Minority Identities

In this chapter there are two primary categories to emerge with regard to the classification of minorities in the Middle East. The first comprises religious minorities, both early religious groups and more contemporary groups established during or after the nineteenth century. The second category comprises Muslim ethnic groups spread over two or more territories with a distinct cultural identity and language. This chapter details religious minority identities. Within the first section of this chapter, we examine non-Muslim religious communities including Jews, and a rather broad number of Christian communities, while accepting that some groups cross-cut this category. Section two examines Islamic minority communities including the ‘Alawis, Druze, Babism and the Baha’i Faith, and Ismaili communities.

Application of DNA fingerprinting for the classification of selected almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb] cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Woolley ◽  
G. G. Collins ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method ◽  
Prunus Webbii

Almond cultivars developed in Australia are thought to have descended from 2 breeding lines, 1 from hard-shelled Spanish/Jordan types, and the other from paper-shell Californian types. However, the precise derivation of many individual Australian cultivars is uncertain. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to estimate the genetic similarities between 50 accessions of almond cultivars derived from Australia, California, Europe and the Middle East, and individual accessions of Prunus orientalis (Miller) D. A. Webb and Prunus webbii (Spach) Vieh. Amplification products were analysed using the simple matching coefficient and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages to cluster individuals into a dendrogram. Cultivars known to have originated in Europe or the Middle East clustered in a different group from those known to have originated in California confirming the 2 suspected breeding lines. The origin of some common Australian commercial cultivars was inferred by their placement on the dendrogram, and the possible parentage of some Australian selections is discussed.

Overview of the generic status of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Maslin ◽  
J. T. Miller ◽  
D. S. Seigler
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Chloroplast Genes ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Generic Status ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

The systematic treatment and circumscription of the group of plants presently recognised as the genus Acacia has a complex history. The genus was first described by Philip Miller in 1754 and until 1842, when George Bentham clearly defined it's generic limits (by restricting the name Acacia to mimosoid plants having numerous free stamens), a number of species which are now referable to genera within tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae had been referred to it. As presently defined, Acacia is a cosmopolitan genus containing in excess of 1350 species and together with the monotypic genus Faidherbia Chev. (which occurs in Africa and the Middle East), comprises tribe Acacieae within subfamily Mimosoideae. The current classification of Acacia views the genus as comprising three large subgenera, namely subg. Acacia (c. 161 species, pantropical), subg. Aculeiferum Vassal (235 species; pantropical) and subg. Phyllodineae (DC.) Seringe (syn. subg. Heterophyllum Vassal) (960 species, largely confined to Australia). In 1986, Pedley proposed that these three subgenera be attributed generic rank, namely Acacia, Senegalia Rafinesque and Racosperma C.Martius, respectively, but this proposal was not widely adopted. Subsequently, the results of monographic and floristic works have greatly expanded knowledge, not only of Acacia, but also of its presumed relatives in tribes Ingeae and Mimoseae. Cladistic analyses of chloroplast genes have been especially informative in developing a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships of the group. The new data clearly show that the genus as presently defined (i.e. Acacia sens. lat.) is not monophyletic. Furthermore, five separate monophyletic groups can be recognised within Acacia sens. lat. and it is recommended that these each be recognised as a distinct genus. The five genera correspond to those recognised by Pedley, except that Senegalia sens. lat. is now regarded as comprising three genera, namely Senegalia sens. str., Acaciella Britton & Rose [based on Acacia subg. Aculeiferum sect. Filicinae (Benth.) Pedley] and an undescribed genus based on a group of species related to Acacia coulteri Benth. Acacia subg. Acacia appears to be located in tribe Mimoseae. The relationships of subg. Phyllodineae, subg. Aculeiferum sens. str., sect. Filicinae, the 'Acacia coulteri' group and Faidherbia are not fully resolved, although in all studies these groups are shown to be monophyletic. Although it is appropriate that each be recognised as a distinct genus, the application of the names Acacia and Racosperma is currently under consideration and it is therefore not appropriate to use these names until this matter is resolved.

scholarly journals IMAGE PROCESSING BASED TILAPIA SORTATION SYSTEM USING NA

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Sukenda Sukenda ◽  
Ari Purno Wahyu ◽  
Benny Yustim ◽  
Sunjana Sunjana ◽  
Yan Puspitarani
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Gray Level ◽  
A Value ◽  
Quality Value ◽  
Export Quality ◽  
Bayes Algorithm

Tilapia has a value of export quality and is imported from America and Europe, tilapia is cultivated in freshwater, the largest tilapia producing areas are Java and Bali for the export market in the Middle East, value fish with a size of 250 grams / head (4 fish / kg ) in their intact form is in great demand. According to news circulating, fish of this size in the Middle East are ordered to meet the consumption of workers from Asia. the fish classification process is a very difficult process to find the quality value of the fish to be sold to meet export quality. Fish classification techniques can use the GLCM technique (Gray Level Oc-Currance Matrix) classification using images of fish critters with the GLCM method.The fish image data is analyzed based on the value of Attribute, Energy, Homogenity, Correlation, Contrash, from the attribute the density data matrix is ??generated for each. Fish image data and displayed in the form of a histogram, the data from the GLCM results are then classified with the Naive Bayes algorithm, from the results of the classification of data taken from 3 types of tilapia from the types of gift, Red, and Blue.

scholarly journals The United States in the Middle East (2001–2014): from intervention to retrenchment/Os EUA no Oriente Médio (2001–2014): da intervenção ao cerceamento

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-475
Author(s):  
Peter R. Demant ◽  
Ariel Finguerut
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the paradoxical consequences the so-called “Arab Spring”, from 2011 to 2014/15, which has led in various countries of the Arab world and beyond to different outcomes, but nowhere to stable democracy. We intend to discuss the outcomes of those political mobilizations and revolts, paying special attention to (a) the role of Islamist movements and (b) U.S reactions to the recent Mideast upheavals. We start with a general analysis and go to a few case studies (e.g. Egypt, Syria, and Turkey). In discussing the impact of Islamism, we attempt a classification of currents along two coordinates, one parameter contrasting Sunni and Shiite movements, the other laying out the continuum from pacific-modernist to violent jihadist. We defend that the dynamics of intra-Islamist tensions (such as Sunni jihadist against the Shiite Hizbullah-Syria-Iran axis) are no less crucial than the religious-secularist divide for understanding recent developments. Regarding US policies, we emphasize the dilemmas and contradictions within U.S government. We investigate the hypothesis that the US was caught largely unaware by the Arab Spring, and that its reactions suffered from the amorphousness of prior positions of the Obama administration, combined with leftovers from the Bush period. Internal contradictions of Obama’s Middle East doctrine coupled with a general isolationist trend have precluded the US from assuming more forceful policies, creating frustrations on all sides, and enflaming rather than dousing the fires of anti-Westernism in the Islamic world.Keywords: Arab Spring ; U.S policies ; Syria; jihadist.  Resumo: O principal objetivo deste artigo é discutir as consequências paradoxais da chamada "Primavera Árabe", que a partir de 2011 aos nossos dias produziu em vários países do mundo árabe diferentes resultados, mas em nenhum lugar chegou-se à democracia estável. Temos a intenção de discutir os resultados dessas mobilizações políticas e revoltas, com especial atenção para (a) o papel dos movimentos islâmicos e (b) as reações e posturas dos EUA ante os recentes levantes no Oriente Médio. De uma análise geral partiremos para estudos de caso (como Egito, Síria e Turquia). Ao discutir o impacto do islamismo, tentamos uma classificação das correntes ao longo de duas coordenadas, um deles contrastando movimentos sunitas e xiitas, e outro que define o continuum de pacifista - modernista para jihadista –violento. Postulamos que a dinâmica das tensões intra- islâmicos (como a de jihadistas sunitas contra o eixo Hezbollah -Síria- Irã xiita) não são menos importantes do que a divisão religiosa - secular para compreender os desdobramentos recentes. No que diz respeito aos EUA, destacamos os dilemas e contradições dentro do governo dos EUA. Nós investigamos a hipótese de que os EUA foi pego de surpresa em grande parte pela Primavera Árabe, e que as reações do governo Obama traduzem mais um recolhimento do que um novo engajamento.Palavras-chave: Primavera Árabe; Políticas dos EUA; Síria; jihadismo.   DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n3p442-475

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document