Formalized control logic fault definition with ontological reasoning for air handling units

The massive integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) in modern power systems is imposing several challenges; one of them is the increased need for balancing services. Coping with the high variability of the future generation mix with incredible high shares of VER, the power system requires developing and enabling sources of flexibility. This paper proposes and demonstrates a single layer control system for coordinating the steady-state operation of battery energy storage system (BESS) and wind power plants via multi-terminal high voltage direct current (HVDC). The proposed coordinated controller is a single layer controller on the top of the power converter-based technologies. Specifically, the coordinated controller uses the capabilities of the distributed battery energy storage systems (BESS) to store electricity when a logic function is fulfilled. The proposed approach has been implemented considering a control logic based on the power flow in the DC undersea cables and coordinated to charging distributed-BESS assets. The implemented coordinated controller has been tested using numerical simulations in a modified version of the classical IEEE 14-bus test system, including tree-HVDC converter stations. A 24-h (1-min resolution) quasi-dynamic simulation was used to demonstrate the suitability of the proposed coordinated control. The controller demonstrated the capacity of fulfilling the defined control logic. Finally, the instantaneous flexibility power was calculated, demonstrating the suitability of the proposed coordinated controller to provide flexibility and decreased requirements for balancing power.

Download Full-text

Skyrmion Logic-In-Memory Architecture for Maximum/Minimum Search

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10020155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Luca Gnoli ◽

Fabrizio Riente ◽

Marco Vacca ◽

Massimo Ruo Roch ◽

Mariagrazia Graziano

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Digital Design ◽

Control Logic ◽

Minimum Number ◽

Physical Simulations ◽

Good Energy ◽

Logic Functions ◽

Time And Energy ◽

Cmos Implementation ◽

Maximum Minimum

In modern computing systems there is the need to utilize a large amount of data in maintaining high efficiency. Limited memory bandwidth, coupled with the performance gap between memory and logic, impacts heavily on algorithms performance, increasing the overall time and energy required for computation. A possible approach to overcome such limitations is Logic-In-Memory (LIM). In this paper, we propose a LIM architecture based on a non-volatile skyrmion-based recetrack memory. The architecture can be used as a memory or can perform advanced logic functions on the stored data, for example searching for the maximum/minimum number. The circuit has been designed and validated using physical simulations for the memory array together with digital design tools for the control logic. The results highlight the small area of the proposed architecture and its good energy efficiency compared with a reference CMOS implementation.

Download Full-text

A New Device Hypothesis for Water Extraction from Air and Basic Air Condition System in Developing Countries

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14154507 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (15) ◽

pp. 4507

Author(s):

Paolo Maria Congedo ◽

Cristina Baglivo ◽

Giulia Negro

Keyword(s):

Heat Pumps ◽

Outlet Temperature ◽

Water Recovery ◽

African City ◽

Photovoltaic Panel ◽

Water Storage Tank ◽

New Device ◽

Mixing Chamber ◽

Air Handling Units ◽

Pre Treatment

This work proposes a new device for air treatment with dehumidification and water recovery/storage, with possible mitigation of indoor environmental conditions. The system is based on Peltier cells coupled with a horizontal earth-to-air heat exchanger, it is proposed as an easy-to-implement alternative to the heat pumps and air handling units currently used on the market, in terms of cost, ease of installation, and maintenance. The process provides the water collection from the cooling of warm-humid air through a process that leads to condensation and water vapor separation. The airflow generated by a fan splits into two dual flows that lap the two surfaces of the Peltier cells, one flow laps the cold surfaces undergoing sensible, latent cooling with dehumidification; the other flow laps the hot surfaces and heats up. The airflow undergoes thermal pre-treatment through the underground horizontal geothermal pipe that precedes the Peltier cells. In the water storage tank, which also works as a mixing chamber, the two air streams are mixed to regulate the outlet temperature. The system can be stand-alone if equipped with a photovoltaic panel and a micro wind turbine, able to be used in places where electricity is absent. The system, with different configurations, is modeled in the African city Kigali, in Rwanda.

Download Full-text